华夏自考公共英语PETS3讲义

PETS 3 串讲,主讲人:褚衍阳,课程说明,参考教材： 一教育部考试中心组编 全国英语等级考试词汇手册 二研究小组 全国英语等级考试考核内容详析,串讲目的,通过串讲 一.使考生在有限的时间内对考试大纲中所要求掌握的知识点了然于胸; 二.使考生在考前对于本门课程的重点和考点再一次进行梳理和进一步得到强化; 三.使考生掌握简单实用的考试技巧; 四.使考生了解本次考试的趋势和倾向,做好考前准备.,内容串讲,一.动词的时态.语态和语气 A.12种时态 1.动词的一般时 2.动词的进行时 3.动词的完成时 4.动词的复合时态 B.语态 动词的被动语态 尤其是特殊形式的被动,如动词短语的被动,主动表被动等. C.语气 虚拟语气 包括三大从句中的虚拟和经常考察的和虚拟相关的动词及动词短语.,二.非谓语动词 A.对于非谓语动词的理解 B.非谓语动词用法大比拼 1.做主语 2.做宾语(重点) 3.做表语 4.做定语 5.做状语,尤其是分词做状语(重点) 6.做宾语补足语和主语补足语(难点) 7.非谓语动词的特殊结构(重点/难点) 8.三种非谓语动词的各种形式归纳,三三大从句（即名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句） 对于从句的学习，大家要把重点放在： 从句的结构关系词中的热点： 名词性从句中的主语从句和宾语从句注意形式主语和形式宾语的应用 名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句的区分 定语从句的先行词是表地点的名词，要谨慎使用关系词 非限定性定语从句 状语从句中的注意事项： （）时间状语从句中的引导词when VS while/ before VS after （）目的状语从句中的引导词so that和结果状语从句中的引导词so that/sothat/suchthat （）条件状语从句中需要特殊“关照”的引导词as long as/ provided (that)/ providing (that),(）no matter + 引导词结构形成的让步状语从句 （）和倒装句相关的状语从句 四.其他热门考点归纳 名词中的主谓一致 代词中的不定代词间的比较 形容词和副词比较级中的常考结构 定冠词及零冠词 介词和介词短语 强调句 倒装句 反意疑问句,内容串讲,一.动词的各种变形包括:第三人称单数,现在分词(各种进行时),过去分词(各种完成时和被动句式)以及不定式,动名词等非谓语形式. A.12种时态 全国英语等级考试第三级大纲要求考生掌握英语中的12种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时,过去进行时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来时,过去完成进行时,现在完成进行时和将来完成进行时. 1.在表一般状况的三种时态中,需要大家注意以下几点: （1）一般现在时的第三人称单数(在写作中不要在这一点上犯低级错误) My watch says five to eleven. （2）在表示客观真理,科学事实或格言警句时,无论在什么情况下,都要使用一般现在时. Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.,（3）某些动词的一般过去时可表示试探性的,委婉的询问,请求和建议. Could you do me a favor? I thought you might have some. （4）一般将来时的表达形式丰富,要注意其区别. 1will/shall + v一般形式，shall用于第一人称 They will leave for Hong Kong tomorrow. 在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，遵循“主将从现”的原则 When the mixture is heated, it will give off a powerful force. shall可用做情态动词，其中用于第二和第三人称，表示承诺，规定，命令，决心等；will则用于各人称，表示意志，意愿和习惯等 You shall come at once.(你必须马上到) will pay you at a rate you ask.（我会按你要求的费用支付的） 2be going to + v表示最近打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情 How long are you going to stay here ?,3be to + v表示必须或计划要进行的动作 There is to be a sports meet on Saturday. 4be about to + v表示即将要发生的动作 Please get everything ready. The experiment is about to start 5be +ving这个句型中的动词必须是短暂性动词（或点动词），如：go, come, start, move, leave, arrive, approach, die等 The exam is approaching. 此外，我们也可以在复习的时候把过去将来时和一般将来时进行对比学习和记忆例如，根据刚刚讲过的结构，我们很容易就知道过去将来时的形式和用法：would/should + v ; were/was going to + v ; were/was to + v ; were/was + about to + v ; were/was + ving I was about to go out when a friend of mine dropped in. (我刚要出去，这时我的一个朋友来了),动词的进行时（包括现在进行时，过去进行时,将来进行时） 其形式为be + ving，be表时间，ving表状态，故而be是am, is, are为现在进行，是was, were为过去进行，是will/shall be 为将来进行.需要注意的是，进行时除可表示正在发生外，也可表示经常发生的行为，这种状况下主要强调状态 My sister is working in a foreign enterprise. The umbrella was always hanging behind the door. This time next week I will be still working here. 当然，短暂性动词的进行时可表示将来，我们在前面已经讲过 动词的完成时（包括现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时） 无论是哪种完成时，都要明白“完成”是表示发生过了，完成可表示一段时间内发生的动作，完成可表示造成了影响，这些都是完成时和过去时的根本区别 Most of us have studied English for more than five years.,We were very surprised at what he had done. Im sure he will have left Beijing by this time tomorrow. 另外，我们在复习的时候也可以把情态动词的完成时和非谓语动词的完成时放在一起复习例如，情态动词can, could, may, might, must, ought, need, should 等后面都可以跟完成时，可根据例句想清楚它们真正的表意 He must have studied abroad before. The young man should have stopped his car at the red light. You shouldnt have watered the flowers so much. 有关非谓语动词的完成时我们将在后面的非谓语动词一节中详细讲解 动词的复合时态（现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时）这两种时态分别是现在完成，过去完成和进行时的复合，所以其结构分别为：have/has been + ving ; had been + ving.这两种时态都强调动作是从过去某一时间开始一直延续下去,It has been raining for three days. Dick had been smoking for ten years before he decided to give it up last year. 被动语态 基本结构为：be + Vpp 大纲中要求掌握的各时态的被动结构，我们通过例句来加以巩固复习 （）Electricity is used to run machines. （）When was the building completed. （）The film wont be developed until next month. （）The issue is being discussed at the conference. （）When I got there, goods were being unloaded. （）The party has been planed since the new year. （）When I came back, the door had been closed.,（）The work will have been finished before you come back. （）The teacher said that we would be given another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam. （）He said the homework would have been done by 8 oclock. .特殊结构 （）含有情态动词的被动结构 Sometimes bad things can be turned into good things. （）短语动词的被动结构 Women were looked down upon in the past. （）含有两个宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 We allowed him an hour to get to the airport. 1He was allowed an hour to get to the airport.,2An hour was allowed him to get to the airport. 3含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 （）一般动词 We advised him to practice speaking English. He was advised to practice speaking English. （）感官使让动词(如see, feel, hear, watch, make, let, have等) 转变规则：主动去to，被动加to. Because of many mistakes, the manager made her type these letters again. Because of many mistakes, she was made to type these letters again. 4主动表被动 (1)need ,require + ving My room is a mess, it needs tidying up. (2)sell, wash, read, write, run等动词带状语修饰时 This kind of cloth sells well.,（）主语sound (feel, look, smell, taste)形容词 The dish tastes terrible! I dont like it at all. 虚拟语气（可概括为） 三大从句中的虚拟 （）状语从句中的虚拟，最常见的就是if从句,包括现在，过去和将来三个时间段的虚拟，其中表过去的虚拟是考试的重点和热点 遵循规则：相对自然语气的句子时态上“退后一步” If the sun didnt rise in the east , I would jump off the high building. If I were you, I would go on my study instead of looking for a job. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. If you had come to the party , you would have met Mary. If he should fail , we would encourage him to try again. If I were to do it , I would do it in a different way.,注意：如果条件从句的谓语含有had，should或were可以省略if .这时had, should或were要移到主语前面，形成倒装. Had I left a little earlier , I would have caught the train. （2）.名词性从句中的虚拟 在表示建议，命令，要求以及表示重要性和紧迫性等含义的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“should动词原形”构成 主语从句用于下列结构中: It is necessary/ important/essential/advisable/better/ordered/proposed/desired /requested/ suggested/recommended/demanded/decided/arranged that It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.,2在下列动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气suggest/advise/ propose (建议) /insist（坚持)recommend(推荐)/order/command（命令）/require/request/demand（要求） We insisted that Mr. Brown (should) chair the meeting. 3在下面名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气suggestion（建议）/proposal（提议）/order（命令）/instruction（指示）/advice（劝告）/motion（提议） I am in favor of his proposal that a special committee (should) be set up to examine the problem. My suggestion is that we (should) send a trade delegation to the U.S. （3）定语从句中的虚拟 句型：It is (high) time (that),谓语动词用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事情，意思是“该了”或“早该了” Lets finish our homework in a few seconds. Its time we played football.,2十大常用词短语所“导致”的虚拟 （1）wish I wish I knew both English and French. We wish he hadnt gone. We wish we could live in the moon for a few days in the future. （2）would rather (sooner) I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you had gone there too. （3）with I would have succeeded with your help. （4）without Without heat and light , plants on the earth would not grow well. （5）but for But for the rain , we would have had a nice holiday.,（6）if only If only I were rich. If only the alarm clock had rung. （7）as if / as though He talks as if he knew everything in the world. （8）in case (that) Take some money with you in case you should need it. （9）lest(唯恐，免得) He took his umbrella with him lest it should rain. （10）for fear that He entered the room lightly for fear that someone should hear.,二非谓语动词 关于非谓语动词，首先要从概念上明确两点： 决不能做谓语（可以做谓语以外的句子成分，如主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。） 虽然不能独立做谓语，但在句子中出现都有动作意味 三者的用法概括地说，动名词是有动作意味的名词，能做名词使用；分词可以看作形容词和副词使用；不定式除了不能做谓语，在其它方面可谓“全能” 非谓语动词用法大比拼 从用法上讲，不定式和动名词更接近具体说来，二者均可做主语，宾语，表语，定语；不同之处在于不定式可做状语，动名词则不可以 （）做主语，二者基本没有区别,Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. （）做宾语是学习的重点，也是考试的重要考点有些动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语，如：admit/ appreciate/ avoid/ consider/ delay/ enjoy/ finish/ imagine/ mind/ miss/ practice/ postpone/ risk/ suggest等;有些动词后面只能跟不定式做宾语，如：afford/ appear/ arrange/ attempt/ decide/ expect/ fail/ fear/ happen/ hope/ intend/ learn/ manage/ offer/ plan/ pretend/ promise/ refuse/ want/ wish等；还有部分动词后面的宾语既可以是动名词也可以是不定式，多数情况下宾语的形式不同，表意是有出入的对于这类动词我做了以下分类 like; hate; prefer I like swimming but I dont like to swim this afternoon. begin ; start ; cease,He begin doing his homework after class. Suddenly it began to rain. remember ; forget ; regret I remember seeing you somewhere. Remember to close the window before you leave. stop ; mean What he said means giving up. I mean to complete the task one way or another. need ; want ; require Plants need watering. Plants need to be watered. (3)三种非谓语动词都可以做表语，其区别在于，动名词表达的是一般的，抽象的行为，不定式表示的是特殊的，具体的行为，分词表示的,则是主语的性质或状态 My job is teaching. My job is to teach students how to avoid making mistakes. The news is very exciting. The little girl looked a little disappointed. （）三种非谓语动词都可以做定语，难点是如何区分在句中做定语 的动名词和现在分词我们可以这样界定：动名词做定语表示的是后面名词的功能或用途，修饰的多为事物；现在分词做定语时，分词的核心动词和所修饰的名词间有主谓关系，修饰的多为有动作执行能力的人例如： They are too poor to buy a new washing machine.(动名词做定语) Dont make much noise to wake up the sleeping child.(现在分词做定语),此外，三种非谓语动词做定语时在句中的位置也有所不同：单个的分词和动名词做定语放在名词的前面，不定式和分词短语做定语则后置 The tiger was placed in a closed cage. I went downstairs to buy some drinking water. Everyone must attend the meeting to be held in room 201. The man standing in front of the blackboard is our new English teacher. 最后，现在分词和过去分词做定语时表意不同：现在分词表示主动或动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成 There are a number of patients waiting to be diagnosed in Xiao Tangsan Hospital. Patients diagnosed and infected with SARS must be isolated. (5)不定式和分词都可做状语，其区别在于： 分词可做除地点和比较之外的任何一种状语，而不定式则主要充当目的和结果两类状语,不定式常用在一些短语和搭配中，如：enoughto/ soas to/ so as to/ in order to /tooto He is old enough to make a living. 分词做状语是学习分词这一章节的重点，要能理解并运用分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致和不一致两种情况为了充分理解这一点，我从两个方面给大家作以解释： a.分词只是一种非谓语动词，自身只能形成单词或短语，决不能独立成句，所以，分词没有真正的主语 b.对于“分词的逻辑主语”的理解是：不是真正语法意义上的主语，而是从句子所表达的意思上来分析，可以把它看作是分词所表达的动作的执行者，是一个意象中的概念 分词的逻辑主语和句子主语一致的情况： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.,相当于：When they were hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致的情况（即独立结构）： The holiday being over, we returned to school. 相当于：Since the holiday was over, we returned to school. Weather permitting, we will go outing sometime this month. 相当于：If weather permits, we will go outing sometime this month. （）不定式和现在分词都可以做宾语补足语和主语补足语考试时主要考查感官使让动词如see/ watch/ notice/ hear/ have/ make之后的宾补是用不定式还是用现在分词其区别是：不定式表示动作已结束，现在分词则强调动作正在进行在这一结构中还要注意，不定式做宾补时要去掉to，变成被动结构时则要加上to，同时在句中的角色也由宾补变成主补 My parents made me stay home and look after my younger brother. 变成被动：I was made to stay home and look after my younger brother,（）三种非谓语动词的特殊结构：不定式的复合结构，动名词的复合结构和分词的独立主格结构，其中分词的独立主格前面已经讲过 不定式的复合结构在使用时常有自己的逻辑主语，一般是句子的主语或宾语，或者由物主代词暗示出来 这一结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表语状语和定语做主语和宾语时，通常用it做形式主语或形式宾语来代替不定式的复合结构 His mother sent him abroad to study . It is impossible for us to complete the task in such a short time. 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格或物主代词后加动词的ing形式就构成了动名词的复合结构在这一结构中，名词所有格和物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语这种复合结构在句中做主语或宾语 Do you mind my smoking here? Toms having known that did not surprise me.,()关于三种非谓语动词的各种形式，我们通过例句来加以巩固和提高 不定式（一般时，进行时，完成时和被动式） She asked me to see the movie together. John seemed to be listening to the class attentively. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I hope you to be promoted soon. 动名词（一般时，完成时和被动式） I couldnt help crying. He apologized for not having kept his promise. For centuries the Atlantic Ocean kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe. 分词（现在分词的完成时,被动式和完成被动式） Not having made the experiment successfully, the scientists tried again. Being scolded he became very angry. Having been given such a good chance, how could she give it up?,三三大从句（即名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句） 对于从句的学习，大家要把重点放在： 从句的结构：关系词陈述句（切记.关系词后是陈述句，千万不要和特殊疑问句混淆了;还要明白关系词引导从句并在句中充当一定的成分） Where has he gone ? I dont know where he has gone. 关系词中的热点：whose There are some children whose behavior is generally unacceptable. She lives in the house whose door and windows are broken.,名词性从句中的主语从句和宾语从句注意形式主语和形式宾语的应用（写作中也会经常用到） It has not been decided when the meeting is to be held. We find it necessary that we do much practice every day. 名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句的区分 同位语从句中的核心名词是有内容的名词，如：belief; doubt; evidence; idea; fact; hope; possibility; thought等，且不能用which引导从句 There is the news that some British customers will visit our company. Ive got the news that/which excites everybody a lot. 定语从句的先行词为表示地点的名词，使用关系词时需谨慎,关键是看定语从句中的谓语动词是及物还是不及物；是不及物时要注意后面有没有介词 Ill never forget the hotel where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the hotel that/which I stayed at last year. 非限定性定语从句,She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan , where she has some relatives. 状语从句中的注意事项： （）时间状语从句中的引导词when VS while/ before VS after We were watching TV together when a stranger came in.(表时间点) While he was reading , his father came in.(表时间段) In those days she was always so lost in thought that she had to be called two or three times before she came to her dinner.(注意中英文翻译的区别) （）目的状语从句中的引导词so that和结果状语从句中的引导词so that/sothat/suchthat Lets take the front seats so that we can see more clearly. The problem is so complicated that it will take us much time to work it out. They are such lovely children that I like them all. The children are so lovely that I like them all.,（）条件状语从句中需要特殊“关照”的引导词as long as/ provided (that)/ providing (that) (provided和 providing引导从句没有区别) You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock. Well let you use the room provided/providing you keep it clean and tidy. （）no matter + 引导词结构形成的让步状语从句 No matter where you go , Ill follow you . Wherever you go Ill follow you . （）和倒装句相关的状语从句 a.时间状语从句中的hardlywhen/ no soonerthan (三个特点：倒装；主从句在翻译时是颠倒的；虽然主从句中的动作是几乎同时发生，但从句要用过去完成时) Hardly had I got to the station when the train left. No sooner had they got the goods covered up than it started raining hard.,b. If引导的条件状语从句中若含有虚拟语气，可省略if，将句中的助动词提前（在虚拟语气一节中已经讲过） c. as引导的让步状语从句，如是主谓结构，把谓语动词提到句首；如是主系表结构，把做表语的名词或形容词放在句首注意名词是可数名词的单数形式时，倒装时前面不能加任何冠词 Try as I might , I couldnt lift the stone. Child as he is , he has made a living by himself. 四其它考试热点归纳 名词中的主谓一致（如many a / together with/ the +(a) 表示一类人等） Many a student has realized the importance of learning a foreign language. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, is going to the party tomorrow. The old are to be respected.,代词中的不定代词间的比较 other; others ;the other ; the others ; another (尤其是the other和another) 形容词和副词比较级中的常考结构 （）no more than/ no morethan和两个短语表意一致：“与同样”或“不比怎样” This classroom is no larger than the next one.（两间教室一样小） The lion is no more merciful than the tiger.（两种动物同样残忍） 定冠词及零冠词 这一部分尤其要注意在记忆名词短语时，记准前面究竟有无冠词如out of the question（不可能）和out of question（没问题） 介词和介词短语 介词在考试中是虚词部分考查的重头戏，要熟练掌握常用介词in, at ,on 等的用法，能够对表意相近的介词above/over ; under/below等进行比较，还要熟记一些有关介词的常用短语如be responsible for /be concerned with等,强调句 : It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who It was Ann that/who had a severe heart attack last night.（强调主语） It was a severe heart attack that Ann had last night.（强调宾语） It was last night that Ann had a severe heart attack.（强调状语） 倒装句（主要考查部分倒装） 复习时除了注意我们在状语从句中讲到的几种倒装外，还要注意： （）only引出的状语放在句首 Only after class was he allowed to raise the question. 注意only后必须是状语，否则不倒装 Only you can do it. （）句首为so, nor, neither等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时. I can speak English .So can my brother. He didnt say anything. Nor/neither did his assistant.,注意：如果前后两句的行为是同一个人发出时，则不用倒装 You seem to have known all about the accident. So I have. 反意疑问句（陈述句附加问句） 灵活掌握规则“前肯后否”，尤其是前面的陈述句中含有hardly, scarcely, never, seldom等否定副词时 You never told me you have seen the film, did you? She scarcely cares for anything, does she?,考情交流,一.考试总体介绍 对于PETS3级考试,大家需要了解以下几点: 1.PETS即公共英语等级考试是任何人均可以个人身份参加的社会性考试.之所以强调是社会性考试,是希望考生朋友们(尤其是还在校学习的考生朋友)在备考的时候注意备考材料的多样性.我们平常在校内参加的考试,试卷的内容选择更多地是和我们的学习生活,校园生活相关的主题,这些都是我们所熟悉的;但作为社会性考试是面向所有的个人,大家年龄有异,工作有别.所以从公平性的角度出发,试卷的题材和内容应该是适合决大多数人.大家在备考阅读和写作这两方面从材料选择上更要注意多样化. 2.PETS考试共有五个级别,第三级是该系列中的中间级.对于这个级别的考试我们要做到“战略上蔑视，战术上重视”所谓“战略上蔑视”指的是大家不要盲目认为考试太难，要相信自己打的不是没有准备的战斗，不仅做了充足的准备，而且还“知己知彼”，无论最终怎样，都是自己努力的结果，千万不要在考试前给自己背上个重重的大包袱,“战术上重视”是指，要意识到这一级别的考试已达到高等教育自学考试非英语专业本科毕业水平或符合普通高校非英语专业本科毕业的要求，对词汇的要求也和大学英语四级考试接近，需要掌握左右的词汇以及相关词组相对于二级，三级的难度有较明显的提高，所以我们必须在考前做好充分的思想准备和复习准备 了解考试题型，做到心中有数三级考试分笔试和口试两部分，分开进行笔试包括听力理解，英语知识运用，阅读理解和写作四部分分值接近当然我们也可以把笔试看作是考查听力，阅读和写作三个方面，因为英语知识运用是完型填空题，事实上是一种障碍阅读，这样来看阅读是三级的重点，赋予分值达到了55分.相对二级而言,听力理解的长度明显加长,问题难度加大;英语知识运用题不再是简单的单选题,而是要求有较高综合能力的完型填空;阅读理解增加了搭配题,文章总长度达到1500词左右,对阅读速度提出了更高的要求;写作由一篇增加到两篇,新增了应用文写作.具体情况见下表：,二.方法和技巧 下面我就分别对针对不同题型来讲解一下解题的方法和技巧. 1.听力理解题 (1)认真阅读各题给出的选项.因为听力理解的正文部分只能靠耳朵去接受,所以我们在考试时要充分发挥我们其他感官的功能,用眼睛去阅读选项就是很重要的一步.在听录音材料前阅读选项对我们的理解大有好处,可以使我们提前预测听力内容,做到心中有数.比如在听力理解中有两大类问题能够明确考查方向,直接提示我们在听的过程中要注意的地方.一类是给出具体人称的问题如:“What does the woman want to know?” “What does the man suggest the woman do?” “How does the woman feel?” “What is the man doing?”等问题就提示了我们应着重在男说话人还是女说话人的话语中寻找答案.另一类是使用了“when” “where” “how much”等疑问词或疑问短语开头的问题,这些问题实际上提示了考生应注意对话中出现的时间,地点或数量等.,(2)合理有效地利用时间在听力理解的过程中决大多数人都会感觉时间紧张，所以一定要把时间支配好我认为大家可以从以下几方面把时间“挤”出来从试卷拿到手到播放录音前，除了写好考卷和答题卡上的个人信息，其余的时间可用来读题；正式听力前会有关于答题的instruction和试听部分，如果感觉所听录音音质没有什么问题，这段时间也可用来读题；节中在每道题目读完后会有秒钟的答题时间和秒钟的时间阅读下一题；节中每段对话或独白的听前读题和听后答题时间均按题数累计给出比如，一段独白后有道题目，则在该听力材料的说明语播放后，独白播放前，录音提示有秒的读题时间，在独白播放后，录音提示有秒的答题时间，这些时间也要合理分配使用其它方法节约时间如，有的题目是What does the man do ? . He is a repairman . He is a bus driver . He is a headmaster He is a university professor,我们在读题的时候可以直接扫视选项，短时间内即可获取到repairman, bus driver, headmaster, professor等核心信息 （）按照预测精听作答的步骤进行解答在听的过程中不要强求自己每一句甚至每个词都听清听懂，还要避免把听到的每个词和句子翻译成汉语，而是要在听的过程中抓住一些key words，再运用逻辑有时甚至是常识来进行分析解答在这个过程中一定要学会放弃，把握文章的整体性，因为考查的是听力理解而不是听写 （4）要善于做笔记听力理解稍纵即逝，学会简单有效地用自己看得懂的方式做笔记也是进行听力理解的重要能力 听力部分考查的要点有: .理解主旨要义; 获取事实性的具体信息; 进行有关的判断,推理和引申; 理解说话者的意图,观点和态度.,听力试题的干扰项中常见的干扰方法有: 不正确地重复对话或独白中的词或词组,张冠李戴; 使用的词或词组与对话或独白中的词或词组有着类似的发音; 将对话或独白中的含有多层词义的单词的某个与该语境不符的词义包含在干扰项中; 将对话或独白中有特殊意义的惯用语的字面意义包含在干扰项中. 下面我们通过一些例子来熟悉一下听力理解的一些题型. W: Mike, theres not much left in the refrigerator. M: Well, I might be able to pick up a few things after work, but I have to be back rather late today. W: In that case, well make do with a meal out at McDonalds. Q: What do they decide to do ?,A. The man will bring some food back for dinner. B. They will go to their friends home for supper. C. The woman will fill the refrigerator before supper. D. They will eat out for dinner. W: Why on earth are you so late? Ive been waiting for more than half an hour! M: Why? Cause I was almost killed. Some awful driver hit the back wheel of my bicycle and send me onto the pavement. W: Oh, my God! Are you hurt? M: No, fortunately Im fine. W: Thank goodness for that! Q: How does the woman feel at the end of the conversation? A. Angry B. Relieved C. Upset D. Sarcastic,W: Good morning, sir. Could I ask you to register, please? M: Certainly. What do I do ? W: Just fill in this form, if you would, please. Q: Whats the relationship of the two people most likely to be? A. Salesperson and customer B. Doctor and patient C. Receptionist and tourist D. Lawyer and client M: Mary, do you know anything about this authors latest best seller? W: Sure. Ive just finished it. I strongly recommend it. Q: What are the man and woman talking about? A. Fashion B. Music C. A film D. A book 节的短文和独白一般在词之间，大多是个人经历的自述，小故事或一些对科普知识，生活常识和社会知识进行说明的短文主要考查大家对文章语篇理解的能力和对重要细节的理解对于,这一节的听力我们需要注意以下几点： （）每段听力短文后所给出的几道问题间是有联系的，所以听力前要 做好审题工作，对文章的大意进行必要的预测，带着问题去听 （）听第一遍的时候要整体把握，抓住要点，弄清事情的来龙去脉； （）注意听好开场白，因为这往往是文章的主题句 （）从历年的听力理解短文部分的考题来看，故事类短文出现的频率是较高的，它们多是叙事性的要听好第一句，把握文章主题；另外，因果关系题出现频率较高，所以听时要对因果连词，转折连词多加注意 （）独白类型的题目主要是关于开会时的开场白，演讲，酒会祝词等，实用性强，内容相对简单，听的时候注意把握讲话的主要内容和脉络，再结合自己的生活常识就很容易解题了 听力理解是考试的第一题，做的好坏直接影响我们下面做题的心情，这也就是为什么我们要不遗余力，精讲细讲的原因之所在,英语知识运用 该部分考查大家对语法结构，词汇知识和表达方式的掌握情况需要大家在理解文章的基础上准确，灵活，自如地运用语法知识它不仅考查大家对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的辨识能力，还考查对用于一定语境中规范的语言成分的掌握，这些规范的语言成分主要是词汇和语法结构所以这一题型的特点就是语法，词汇与阅读并重 解题策略： （）“三步走”原则，即预读，填空，复读千万不要在读第一遍时就边读边选，而是要跳过空格，快速阅读，掌握大意；做题时一定不要把注意力只放在要填空的句子上，而是要瞻前顾后，因为我们做的不是独立成句的单项选择题，句和句之间有联系，所填的空格间自然也有关联，复读的时候如果某个地方意义含混或矛盾，要把它们放进整篇文章的中心意思中来考虑,（）词汇是这一部分的最大考点，主要考查实意词，如名词，形容词，动词和副词对词汇和表达方式的熟练掌握是应答本节试题的关键，所以在复习词汇的时候，一定要熟记单词，熟悉大纲中列出的常用前后缀；掌握常用词的搭配，尤其是与介词有关的搭配；注意单词的辨析；同时还要注意文章的整体结构，把握住句中出现的连接词和连接词组所体现出的衔接，转折，递进等意味 （）对语言把握不很准确的时候，可充分利用文化背景和生活常识来帮助判断，同时注意从重复出现的词语中寻找和体会文章表达的氛围 阅读理解 分为A,B两节,先看A节.A节是我们大家所熟悉的阅读理解,即读文章,做选择.阅读理解题主要出现的题型有: （1）主旨题.要求归纳要点,概括中心思想.常见提问方式有: It can be inferred from the passage that Whats the best title for this passage?,解答这类题目要注意抓整体不要过于纠缠细节有的文章在阅读的过程中可以直接发现主题句，通常在文中会出现一些表示归纳关系的信号词，如：in short , in a