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Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,learning about language,Answer key for exercise 1:,presence,violence,confidence,difference,patience,uncertain,unfair,unpaid,unlike,unkind,Discovering useful words and expressions,cultural,global,universal,agricultural,mathematical,artist,physicist,chemist,biologist,scientist,C A C B,Answer key for exercise 2:,Answer key for exercise 3:,fundamental, astronomy, gave birth to, existed, As a result, atoms, prevents from, puzzle,Answer key for exercise 4:,violent angry rude shocked excited crazy,patient gentle relaxing kind easy-going calm,主语从句,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,Is the moon a planet ? This question is _if students are to show that they understand the nature of _. Some scientists think that the earth _ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon _ before the earth was formed. They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earths gravity. _, it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the _ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _ it _ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.,fundamental,astronomy,gave birth to,existed,As a result,atoms,prevents,from,puzzle,Is the moon a planet ? This question is _if students are to show that they understand the nature of _. Some scientists think that the earth _ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon _ before the earth was formed. They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earths gravity. _, it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the _ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _ it _ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.,fundamental,astronomy,gave birth to,existed,As a result,atoms,prevents,from,puzzle,o,o,o,o,p,s,p,主语从句： 做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。,1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,.,It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.,Subject,Formed Subject,Whether the solid shape would last or not was not clear.,Real,引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.,Conclusion:,if,If,注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:,1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _ 2.That they should like each other is natural. _,*it为形式主语,It is natural that they should like each other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识 *_(很遗憾)we lost the match. *_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2) It is + adj. +从句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明显 It is necessary important natural. that *_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明显)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3) It +不及物动词+从句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 *_(刚好)I came into the office at that time. *_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,4) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that.据信;人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议 It must be admitted that必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,：They should like each other is natural. ：That they should like each other is natural. ：It is natural that they should like each other.,：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. ：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,T or F questions,2.连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Which student will win the first is uncertain.,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is not decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when, who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.,Whether,That,6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般 用单数形式。,Conclusion:,用 that / whether / if/ /where / how / when /why / who /what/which/ how much / etc. 来连接主语从句.,Summary:,3.引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.,2.That 在主语从句中不能省略.,4.有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”,常用 it 作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.4种句型。 5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,2. _ they can solve the question is still unknown. A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What,3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody. A. Why B. What C. That D. Who,4. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious. A. What B. That C. When D. /,Pick up one number and finish the task in it, then you can get some points.,Game Time!,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,. be held hasnt been known yet.,Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,10,the cat do,made,What the cat did made the baby cry.,What,cry,Make a sentence,30,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing. 2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,10,Translate the sentence,*_(他们很需要帮助)is quite clear.,That they are badly in need of help,20,talk about,the use of cell phone,What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.,Make a sentence,30,* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will. decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether, 不能用if,10,Translate the sentence,*It is known to us_ _(马克.吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家).,how Mark Twain became a great writer,20,report , get the highest points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.,Make a sentence,30,Correct or not?,Pay attention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在It is necessary important natural. that句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do 的形式,It is important that we should finish.,*It is important that we will finish the work on time.,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held .,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that 不能省略。,That he will give up,*He will give up his job surprises all of us.,10,Translate the sentence,*_（她是否出席会议）is not certain.,Whether she will attend the meeting,20,It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.,teacher angry,Dont know the answer,Make a sentence,30,
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