中考英语 第二部分 语法专题突破 专题一 名词课件2

第二部分 语法专题突破,专题一 名 词,命题点一 名词词义辨析,命题点二 名词的数,命题点三 名词所有格,考点1,名词语境辨析 (2016年20次，2015年 29次，2014年31次 ),考点精讲,命题点一 名词词义辨析,分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，名词语境辨析是每年的必考点，包括同类名词辨析和其他语境类辨析，主要在完形填空中考查，单项填空中偶尔涉及。,同类名词即三个选项的设置属于同一类的名词。湖南近3年中考中主要包括身份类、地点类、身体器官类、时间类、饮食类、学生学习与生活类、自然类、家居类、职业类等。,针对名词的语境辨析类试题，首先应分辨三个选项的词义及用法，其次分析语境和逻辑关系，再根据词义和语境选答案，并将所选答案代入题干中验证准确性。,考点2,近义名词辨析 (2016邵阳31题，2015年 2次 ),湖南各地市近3年中考真题中对近义名词辨析考查较少，仅在完形填空中考查。初中常见近义名词辨析列举如下：, travel与trip(2015邵阳31题), bus, taxi, car, bicycle与truck(2015郴州31题), job与work【具体讲解见本书P19】 family, home与room 【具体讲解见本书P4】 problem与question 【具体讲解见本书P30】 voice, noise与sound 【具体讲解见本书P73】,考点3,名词固定搭配 (2016年4次， 2015年5次， 2014年2次 ),分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 名词的固定搭配主要在完形填空中考查， 单项填空中涉及较少(2014益阳24题)。,初中常考名词固定搭配列举如下：,名词与介词 at the age of 在岁时(2016岳阳41题) the (best) way to. 做(最好)的方法 (2016湘西42题) different kinds of. 各种各样的(2015岳 阳36题) the number of.的数量(2015岳阳39题) the rest of名词 剩余的,in a different way 以一种不同的方式 to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是 名词与动词 play a role in. 在中扮演角色(2016岳 阳43题) lose ones way 迷路(2016娄底24题) make trouble 制造麻烦(2015湘潭37题),make a mistake 犯错误(2015张家界40题) have an idea 有一个主意/想法(2015益阳41题) ask for help 寻求帮助(2014常德38题) give some advice on. 在方面给出一些 建议(2014益阳24题) have a try 尝试 learn a lesson 汲取教训,make a wish 许愿 make a promise 做承诺 make a living 谋生 make a decision 做决定 make a noise 制造噪音 make a difference 产生影响 make progress 取得进步 keep a balance 保持平衡 take an interest in sth. 对某事/物感兴趣,现学现用,同类名词辨析,1. I want to go to the _ to see my favorite animal. A. zoo B. school C. factory 2. The old man cant hear us well because theres something wrong with his _. A. mouth B. ears C. eyes,A,B,3. Im a little hungry now. I only drank some _ before I came to school. A. bread B. milk C. meat 4. The New York Times is one of the most popular daily _. A. magazines B. newspapers C. guidebooks,B,B,5. Children should help their _ do some housework on weekends. Yes, I agree with you. A. friends B. parents C. classmates,B,6. What do you like to do in your spare time, Jim? I like _. So I often listen to my favorite songs. A. trip B. art C. music,C,7. The _ of Changsha is really hot, but we still like living here. A. spring B. summer C. winter 8. The passengers safety depends on the _ when the plane is flying. A. engineer B. pilot C. teacher,B,B,其他语境类辨析,9. Cindy, whats your favorite _？ I like soccer best. A. color B. sport C. season 10. Running in the morning is a good _. It can make us strong and healthy. A. habit B. success C. pity,A,B,11. There are lots of _ that students have to follow in school. A. exercises B. problems C. rules 12. Im afraid to ask questions because of my poor _. Youd better practice speaking more. A. introduction B. pronunciation C. invention,B,C,13. Finding information is not a big deal today. Well, the _ is how to tell whether the information is useful or not. A. courage B. challenge C. message,B,近义名词辨析,14. Tony regards Beijing as his second _ because he has lived there for ten years. A. family B. house C. home 15. At the foot of the hill, you can hear nothing but the _ of the running water. A. sound B. noise C. voice,A,C,16. Jack found a good _ after graduating from college. A. work B. job C. business,B,名词固定搭配,17. Jack takes little _ in drawing, but he likes playing chess. A. choice B. cause C. interest,C,18. My brother graduated from Hunan Normal University at the _ of 22. A. taste B. year C. age,C,19. Im tired out these days. Well, youd better keep a _ between work and play. A. note B. balance C. order,B,20. If you dont know the _ to the park, you can buy a map of this city. A. way B. price C. dream,A,考点1,可数名词复数的变化规则 (2016年3次， 2015年2次， 2014年2次 ),考点精讲,命题点二 名词的数,分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，可数名词复数的变化规则为常考点。主要在单项填空中考查名词复数的规则变化， 不规则变化考查较少；完形填空中尚未涉及。,规则变化,不规则变化,public, police, family, team, group, class, crowd等集体名词，一般以单数形式出现。当它们作主语时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。,考点2,可数名词与不可数名词的混合辨析 (2016年2次，2015年3次，2014年2次 ),分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 可数名词与不可数名词混合辨析主要在单项填空中考查， 完形填空中尚未涉及。,做此类试题时， 首先应根据限定词判断用可数名词还是不可数名词， 其次根据语境选择正确的选项。,如何判断该词是可数名词还是不可数名词,先将这个名词所表示的东西一分为二， 若每一半不能再叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是可数名词(如desk)；反之， 若每一半还可以叫原来的名称时， 这个名词就是不可数名词(如meat)。,常见的修饰可数名词复数的限定词：,these这些；those那些；few几乎没有；a few一些；many许多；too many太多的；a good/great many大量的；a (great/large) number of大量的；scores of大量/许多；dozens of几十/许多；大于1的具体基数词(如：35 pens),常见的既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词的限定词：,all全部的；some一些；enough足够的； a lot of/lots of/plenty of许多的(其后谓语动词的数根据of 后名词的单复数而定)； a great/large quantity of大量的(其后谓语动词用单数)；quantities of大量的(其后谓语动词用复数),常见的修饰不可数名词的限定词：,this这个；that那个；little几乎没有；a little一点儿；a bit of一点儿；much许多；too much太多的；a great deal of/a large amount of许多， 大量的；数词/不定冠词表数量的名词of(如：two cups of tea/milk, two glasses of water, a piece of paper),初中常考的不可数名词如下：,不可数名词通常没有复数形式， 也不能直接用不定冠词a/an修饰。,可数名词与不可数名词易混归纳,现学现用,可数名词复数的变化规则,21. How many _ are there in the basket? About ten. A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato,B,22. In autumn, there are a lot of _ on the ground. A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves 23. I bought two _ yesterday. One was for my father, and the other was for my mother. A. watch B. watches C. watchs,C,B,24. Can you peel some _ for me? Of course. A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes,C,可数名词与不可数名词混合辨析,25. Would you like some _？ Oh, yes, just a little. A. rice B. apples C. eggs 26. Tony likes _ best of all the vegetables, because theyre healthy and fresh. A. potato B. milk C. carrots,C,A,27. It cost me one hundred yuan to buy these four _. A. drink B. books C. coffee 28. Our teachers usually give us some _ on how to face the difficulties and challenges. A. advice B. advices C. way,A,B,考点精讲,命题点三 名词所有格,湖南各地市近3年中考对名词所有格的考查较少， 主要在单项填空中考查s名词所有格(含节日类名词的所有格、单数名词的所有格、复数名词的所有格、两者或两者以上名词的所有格)。,节日类名词的所有格,初中常见的节日类名词的所有格如下： Womens Day妇女节 (2015郴州22题) New Years Day元旦April Fools Day愚人节 Valentines Day情人节 Mothers Day母亲节 Childrens Day儿童节 Fathers Day父亲节 Teachers Day教师节 New Years Eve除夕,单数名词的所有格,普通单数名词的所有格, 直接在词尾加s。如： Jims ID card吉姆的身份证(2014岳阳26题) my brothers schoolbag 我哥哥/弟弟的书包(2014长沙24题),复数名词的所有格,1. 词尾不带s的复数名词, 在词尾直接加s。如： Womens clothes妇女们的衣服 Peoples rights人民的权利 2. 词尾已有s的复数名词， 只在词尾加。如： Students books学生们的书 Teachers office老师们的办公室,两者或两者以上名词的所有格,1. 表示两者及其以上共有的所有关系， 在最后 一个词的词尾加s。如： Tom and Tims room汤姆和蒂姆(共有)的房间(2015邵阳22题) Lucy and Lilys bedroom露西和莉莉(共有)的卧室,2. 表示两者及其以上各自的所有关系， 在每个词的词尾加s。如： Toms and Tims rooms汤姆和蒂姆(各自)的房间,of 所有格 “名词of名词”构成of所有格，此结构通常用来表示无生命事物的名词。如： a map of China 一张中国地图,双重所有格 双重所有格由“of名词s”或“of名词性物主代词”构成。如： a friend of my fathers我父亲的一个朋友 a photo of mine我的一张照片,现学现用,29. _ mothers are both teachers, but they teach different subjects. A. Linda and Johns B. Lindas and John C. Lindas and Johns,C,30. I live near the station. Its only about five _ walk. A. minutesB. minutesC. minutes 31. Women teachers in our school will be invited to a party on _. A. Womens Day B. Womans Day C. Women Day,C,A,32. The _ smallest monkey is the finger monkey. It is only 10 cm tall. A. world B. worlds C. worlds 33. There is a beautiful picture in the little _ bedroom. She likes it very much. A. girl B. girls C. girls,C,B,