高中英语必修6(北师大版)Unit18Beauty知识点总结

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高中英语必修6(北师大版)Unit 18 Beauty知识点总结一、重点词汇 词义辨析:die out/die of/die from/ die away/ die down die out灭绝、灭亡die of死于(通常指疾病、衰老等内因)die from死于(通常指交通事故等外因)die away(声音、风、光线等)渐息,渐弱die down(慢慢)熄灭,平静下来 How did the dinosaur die out? 恐龙怎样灭绝的? Her grandfather died of cancer. 他祖父死于癌症。 Many villagers die every year from snake bites. 每年都有许多村民死因被蛇咬而死亡。 The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的响声消失在远处。 The rain remained steady though the wind had died down. 尽管风势已经减弱,雨还是下个不停。 superior adj. 高级的,上等的 Kobes fitness and superior technique brought him victory. 科比的体能和出色的技术使他取得了胜利。拓展: 1.(be) superior to . :比优越;比更胜一筹 注意:superior作形容词用时,本身已含比较级意义,因而没有比较级形式,也不用than,而用to His composition is far superior to mine. 他的作文比我的好多了。 2. 注意:以ior结尾的形容词无比较级,表示比较时用介词to,不用than。 常见的这类形容词有: senior,junior,superior,inferior。 He is senior to me, though he is younger. 他地位比我高,虽然他比我年轻。 command n.&vt. 命令;指挥;掌握 1. at ones command:任由某人支配;愿服从某人指挥 2. have a good command of=have a good knowledge of :精通;对运用自如 3. command sb. to do: 命令某人做某事 4. command+ that从句 :命令(从句中用虚拟语气,即should+v.,should可以省略) She has a large English vocabulary at her command. 她能灵活运用掌握的大量英语词汇。 He commanded his men to retreat because the enemy was too strong. 他命令手下撤退因为敌人太强大。 He commanded that we (should) come at once. 他命令我们立刻来。 deliver vt. 传送;发表(演说等);生(孩子) 1. deliver sth. (over) to sb.:把某物交给某人 2. deliver a lecture/speech:授课/发表演说 3. deliver goods to the door:送货上门 He went from door to door delivering the milk. 他挨家挨户送牛奶。 thrill vt. 使兴奋;使紧张;使毛骨悚然 1. thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的,令人兴奋的(由thrill现在分词转化而来的形容词) 2. thrilled adj. 兴奋的,激动的 (由thrill过去分词转化而来的形容词) 3. thriller n. 惊险小说(电影、戏剧等) The tiger in the cage gave a thrilling cry. 笼子里的老虎发出了令人毛骨悚然的吼声。 She was thrilled when the handsome film star kissed her. 当那位英俊的电影明星吻她的时候,她欣喜若狂。 disturb vt. (使)不安 ,烦恼 1.disturbed adj.困扰的,不安的 (由disturb 过去分词转化而来的形容词) 2.disturbing adj. 令人不安的 (由disturb 现在分词转化而来的形容词) 3. disturbance n. 打扰,干扰 Please do not disturb us when we are working. 工作的时候请不要打扰我们。 freeze vi. 冻住;冻僵 1. freezing adj. 严寒的,冰冻的 n. 冰点 freezing cold 严寒 2.frozen adj. 冰冻的;冷冻的 3. freezer n. 冰箱;冷冻库;制冷工 4. freeze to death:冻死 The temperature dropped to the freezing point last night. 昨晚气温降到了零度。 recommend vt. 推荐,建议 1. recommend doing sth. :建议做某事 2. recommend sb.to do sth. :建议某人做某事 3. recommend that sb.(should) do sth. :建议做某事(从句用虚拟语气,即should+v.) 4. It is/was recommended that :有人建议 (从句用虚拟语气,即should+v.) He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie. 他建议先看这本书,再去看那部电影。 I recommend you to obey the safety regulations. 我劝你遵守安全规则。 I recommend that you (should) obey the safety regulations. =It is recommended that you (should) obey the safety regulations. 我劝你遵守安全规则。 be accessible to :对来说易理解的/易接近的 The legal aid system should be accessible to more people. 法律援助制度应该面向更多人。 in vain:徒劳;枉费心机;白费力气 I tried to make his peace with her, but in vain. 我试图使他与她和好,但还是白搭。 一词多义: strike vt.打,敲;(灾难、疾病等)侵袭;(时钟)敲响报时;突然想到n.罢工;打击 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 An idea struck me that we ought to try it in another way. 我突然想到一个主意,我们应该用另一种方法试一试。 The strike has been on now for six weeks. 罢工至今已进行六个星期了。 Within half an hour, all the drivers were out on strike. 半个小时内,所有的司机都罢工了。拓展: 1. striking 引人注目的;突出的 2. be on strike:罢工 3. be struck by. :被所打动 4. It strikes/struck sb. that.: 某人突然意识到 阅读必备词汇 breathless adj. 令人屏息的 sideways adv. 向一边 vertical adj. 垂直的;竖的 adore vt. 爱慕;崇拜;很喜欢 homesickness n. 思乡 drown vi.&vt.淹没,淹死 consistent adj.一致的 slim adj. 苗条的 overweight adj. 超重的;过重的 commitment n.承诺;责任 accompany vt. 伴随,陪同 conscience n良心;良知 subjective adj. 主观的 dimension n. 方面;尺寸;维度;范围 tasteless adj. 没有味道的;无鉴赏力的;粗俗的 skateboard v. 用滑板滑行 delicate adj. 精美的;微妙的 dignity n. 尊贵;尊严;庄重 polished adj.优雅的;精致的;擦亮的 refresh v.(使)恢复精神;重新振作 shabby adj.低劣的;肮脏破烂的;卑鄙的 harsh adj.刺耳的,刺眼的;严厉的 chorus n.合唱部分;合唱队 tendency n倾向;趋势 abrupt adj.突然的,出奇不意的 version n. 版本;说法;形式 steady adj 稳定的;不变的;沉着的 Christian n. 基督徒,信徒 adj. 基督教的;信基督教的 endless adj. 没完没了的 bend v. 弯曲;屈服;屈从 vague adj.模糊的;不明确的;茫然的 stout adj. 肥胖的 bound n.一跳,一跃 tone n. 语调,语气 unlike prep. 不像,与不同 affection n.喜爱;感情;慈爱 merchant n.商人;店主;专家 trap vt. 诱捕,设圈套,使陷入圈套 theme n. 主题;题目;主旋律 manner n. 方式,方法 drawback n. 缺点;弊端 evident adj. 明显的;明白的;清楚的 recommendation n推荐;介绍;建议 plot n.情节;阴谋;(小块)土地 catalogue n.目录;总目;系列 childish adj. 孩子的,幼稚的 range n.变化范围;等级;类别 convey vt.传递 hang on a second 稍等一会儿;别挂断(电话) bits and pieces 零碎东西; 零星物品二、重点句型 Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time, so it isreasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well. 解析:这是一个由so 连接的表示因果关系的并列复合句。第一个分句中,去掉插入成分like society itself,变为Traditions and fashions change and adapt with time(传统和时尚随时间而变化和适应);第二个分句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that our ideas of beauty change. 可以还原为: That our ideas of beauty change is reasonable.翻译:传统和时尚,正如社会自身一样,是会随时间而变化的,因此我们对美的认识会变化也是理所当然的。拓展:当主语部分太长,谓语部分太短时,常常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置,以避免头重脚轻。结构为: It+be+adj./n./done+真正的主语(从句/to do sth./ doing sth.)。如: It is my duty to care for that patient. 照顾那位病人是我的职责。 It is likely that they will beat us tonight. 有可能他们今晚会打败我们。 注意:当表语是good, use, a waste, useful等时,通常用动名词作真正的主语。 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 事已至此,后悔无用。 In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show familyassociations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized. 解析:本句为主从复合句,去掉从句及其他修饰成分,此句主干为some cultures used tattoos as an addition tocostumes(一些文化用纹身作为服饰的点缀);to show family associations or to mark criminals 是两个不定式短语用作目的状语; so that 引导的是目的状语从句,表示 to mark criminals 的目的。翻译:在过去,一些文化中用纹身作为服饰的点缀,以此表现家族联系,或者给罪犯打上印记以便易于分辨。 In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at allrather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 解析:此句中,破折号前后是两个表示对比意思的句子。两个句子去掉修饰成分,主干为:looking thin is not(看起来苗条并不);looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.(看起来略丰满才被认为更有吸引力),两个句子都是用动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式is;what a woman desires at all 是表语从句。翻译:在其他文化中,女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条,而身材看起来略微丰满才更加迷人。拓展:本句中 what 引导表语从句,在从句中充当宾语。除此之外,what还可引导其他的名词性从句:主语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句。 She is no longer what she used to be. (表语从句) 她不是过去的她了。 What he has told us is of great importance. (主语从句) 他告诉我们的话至关重要。 The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. (同位语从句) 什么使情况更糟的问题一直在困扰着我。 The manager told us that he wanted to take back what he had said. (宾语从句)经理告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。 With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which canbe used to judge what is beautiful. 解析:此句为多重复合句,去掉从句和其他修饰成分,主干为: There are no precise criteria.(没有精确的标准)。介词短语 “With the influence of history, society and culture” 作原因状语; which 引导的是定语从句,修饰限定名词criteria; what 引导的宾语从句作动词 judge 的宾语。翻译:受历史、社会和文化的影响,没有精确的衡量标准用来判断什么是美。 The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set oflimited criteria. 解析:此句为if虚拟条件句,表示与将来事实可能相反。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气:从句有三种表达方式:过去式/were to do/ should do;主句用should/would/could/might +动词原形。如:If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,运动会就取消。翻译:如果我们只能够用一套有限的标准来衡量美,人类不久将灭绝。拓展:虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句运用中的其它两种形式为: 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气: 从句用一般过去时(be 的过去式通常用were),主句should/would/could/might +动词原形。 If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.如果我是你,我就会抓住这次出国的机会。2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气:从句用过去完成时(had done/been);主句should/would/could/might + have done。 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.如果你采纳了我的意见,你在考试中就不会失败了。 We are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to noticephysical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to trulysee. 解析:此句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。去掉修饰成分,句子主干为:We are influenced by , but it is innerbeauty that requires us to truly see.(我们受影响,但是内在美要求我们真正去注意到)。第二个分句中包含了强调句型 “It+be+强调部分+that(或who)+句子其他成分”。此句强调的是句子主语inner beauty。去掉强调句型,可以还原为 inner beauty requires us to truly see.。翻译:受文化、生理和历史时期的制约,我们能够快速地、轻而易举地看到外在的美,但其实内在的美才真正需要我们注意。拓展:强调句的句型结构是“It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其余部分”。强调句型可以用来强调一个句子中除了谓语以外的任何成分。 除强调人时可以用who之外,其余都要用that。强调句去掉It is/was. that后句子还成立,that在句中不充当成分。如: 昨天我在街上遇见了约翰。It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday. (强调主语)It was John that/who I met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)It was in the street that I met John yesterday. (强调地点状语)It was yesterday that I met John in the street. (强调时间状语)三、重点语法 used to 与would 用法 相同点: 表示过去的习惯动作,常互换。如: When we were boys weused to/wouldgo swimming every summer. 小时候,每到夏天我们都要去游泳。不同点: 1. used to 可指过去的状态,would 则不能。如: Thereused to bea swimming pool in our school. 我们镇上过去有一个游泳池。(不能用would) 2. would 表示反复发生的动作,used to没有反复性。例如: Hewould sayso when he was young.他年轻时常这么说。(有反复性) Iused tolive in Beijing. 我过去住在北京。(没有反复性)高考不提分,赔付1万元,关注快乐学了解详情。
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