资源描述
Lymphatic/Immune system,Gang XIN Department of Microbiology and Immunology 18923912518,Smallpox deaths of an estimated300 to 500 millionpeople,Edward Jenner,1749-1823,Father of Immunology,vaccination,In 1796,http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner,L.vaccinus,relating to a cow, vacca,1802 caricature of Jenner vaccinating patients who feared it would make them sprout cowlike appendages.,1979.10.26,The announcement by the WHO that smallpox was the first disease that had been eradicated worldwide by a program of vaccination,Louis Pasteur,1822-1895,The “Father” of the Modern Microbiology,Vaccines: 1880, chicken cholera 1881, anthrax 1885, rabies,consciously,immune system,What is it? Where is it? How does it work?,What is immunity?,immunity,Immune system Immune response Immunology Immunologist Immunodeficiency Immunocompromised,IMMUNITY IMMUNIS (EXEMPT) Latin: Protection from legal prosecution Now, in medical terms: free of disease.,Bubble boy,David Vetter(19711984),http:/www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bubble/peopleevents/p_vetter.html,severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID),Infection Lymphoma,congenital immunodeficiency,present at birth,HIV and AIDS,HIV - human immunodeficiency virus AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome,ARC: AIDS-related complex,ARC is Aprodromalphase of effects phase of infection with HIV. Symptoms can include recurring fever, unexplained weight loss, swollen lymph glands, diarrhea, or fungal infection of the mouth.,Candida infections,Opportunity Infection and Cancer,Fungal, bacterial, viral and protozoal infection The most frequent opportunistic tumour, Kaposis sarcoma, is observed in 20% of patients with AIDS. Malignant lymphomas are also frequently seen in AIDS patients.,Kaposis sarcoma,Kaposis sarcoma,Kaposis sarcoma on the skin of an AIDS patient.,lymphoma,Functions of Immune system,immune defence defense agaist infectious diseases immune surveillance kill cancer cells immune homeostasis maintain internal equilibrium,Where is immune system?,Organs Cells Molecules,Immune organs,Central immune organs,The site of generation, differentiation and maturation of lymphocytes including bone marrow thymus,Bone marrow,Hematopoietic stem cell,Myeloid progenitor,Lymphoid progenitor,Functions: The site of generation of all circulating blood cells The site of B cell maturation,hemo- + G.poisis,a making,Thymus,Located between the breast bone and heart. Function: T cell education,Peripheral immune organs and tissues,The site where lymphocytes are resident and response to foreign antigens Lymph nodes Spleen MALT (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) SALT,Lymph nodes,Lymph nodes - Small bean-shaped glands Lymph - fluid within lymphatic vessels Lymphatic vessel -,Lymphatic vessel - Lymph vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called the afferent lymph vessel, and one that carries it from a lymph node is called the efferent lymph vessel, from where the lymph may travel to another lymph node, may be returned to a vein, or may travel to a larger lymph duct.,Collects excess tissue fluid throughout body Purifies it as it passes through system Returns it to circulatory system,Lymph nodes,Major groups of lymph nodes are located in the tonsils, armpits, neck, groin and mediastinum.,Functions : Filter harmful substances from the tissues,John, 15/M tooth aches in left side of face one day later neck also started to hurt (only on the left side) after taking the penicillin for 2 days, tooth has for the most part stopped hurting and face doesnt ache nearly as much his neck seems more swollen.,a tooth abscess and lymph nodes were swollen,immune system is working over time fighting the abscess,Sites for Lymph Nodes,NameLocationDrains fluid from Axillary ArmpitsArms Cervical NeckHead and neck Inguinal GroinLegs and pelvis Mediastinal ChestWithin chest cavity,Spleen,in the upper left abdomen Functions: major site of immune response to blood-borne antigens Filters out and destroys old red blood cells, recycling the iron,MALT (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue),Tonsil（扁桃体）, Peyers patch（派氏集合淋巴结）, appendix（阑尾）,GALT (Gut) NALT (nasal) BALT (bronchial),Functions: Local immune response Secretory IgA (sIgA),Immune cells,Hematopoietic stem cell,Myeloid progenitor,Lymphoid progenitor,Lympoid: T lymphocyte; B lymphocyte; Natural killer cell Myeloid: neutrophil; basophil; eosinophil; monocyte; red blood cell,Neutrophil,Also called polymorphonulcear (PMN) leukocyte. The most abundant population of circulating WBCs and the earliest phagocytic cells to appear in the bacterial infection Functions: phagocytosis, intracellular killing, inflammation and tissue damage.,Neutrophils,phagocytosis,Monocytes and macrophages,After entering into tissue, monocytes differentiate into tissue macrophages. Play central roles in innate and adaptive immunity, and are important effector cells for the elimination of microbes. Functions: phagocytosis, intracellular and extra-cellular killing, tissue repair, antigen presentation,Monocytes and macrophages,macrophages,Eosinophils,cytoplasmic granules that are easily stained by eosin or other acid dyes. associated with parasitic infection and allergic reactions.,Basophils,cytoplasmic granules that are easily stained by basic dyes. associated with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.,T and B Lymphocytes,Natural Killer (NK) cells,also known as large granular lymphocytes (LGL) kill infected and malignant cells,Molecules,Antibody Complements Cytokines,Antibody IgA; IgM; IgE; IgD,Complement system,cytokine,secreted proteins that work as mediators of immune and inflammatory reactions. Cytokines provide a mechanism for cells of the immune system to “talk” to one another to coordinate a response,How does the immune system work?,Innate and adaptive immunity,First line of defense (nonspecific),second line of defense,innate immunity,Barriers The skin is an important physical barrier that protects the entire body from external pathogens. The acid in the stomach serves as a natural killer or destroyer of pathogens that enter the digestive tract. circulating cells (phagocytes，NK cells) blood proteins and cytokines,Innate and adaptive immunity,Adaptive immunity 3 Phases, 2 Types,Specific acquired,57, Recognition, Activation, Effector,Humoral immunity,Cell-mediated immunity,Innate and Adaptive Immunity,Dose 1 Dose 2: 1 month Dose 3: 6 months,HBV vaccine:,61,The primary immune response,Four phases of the primary response a lag phase where no antibody is detected a log phase in which the antibody titer rises logarithmically a plateau phase during which the antibody titer stabilizes a phase (decline) during which the antibody is cleared,Comparison of Primary and Secondary Responses,High affinity,63,Primary and Secondary Responses differ significantly,The properties of the primary and secondary antibody responses differ. The primary response has a long lag period, a logarithmic rise in antibody formation, a short plateau, and then a decline. IgM is the first antibody class produced, followed by a gradual switch to other classes, such as IgG. The secondary response has a shorter lag time, a more rapid logarithmic phase, a longer plateau phase, and a slower decline than the primary response. Mostly IgG and other isotypes are produced in the secondary response rather than IgM, and the average affinity of antibody produced is higher.,Natural immunity occurs through contact with a disease. Artificial: contrived by art rather than nature,Artificial / natural immunization,Passive/active immunity,Passive immunity Results when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal Active immunity Develops immunity following direct exposure to pathogen,local treatment of the wound vaccination administration of rabies immunoglobulin,post-exposure prophylaxis,Lymphatic system,Lymphatic and immune system,Lymphatic System Network of vessels that picks up excess tissue fluid, cleanses it, and returns it to circulatory system Picks up fats absorbed by digestive system Immune System Fights disease and infections,Lymphatic system,The lymphatic system consists of a conducting network of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic organs and lymph. The major (encapsulated) lymphatic organs are the lymph nodes.,Anatomy and Physiology,First, removes excess tissue fluid Collects excess tissue fluid throughout body Purifies it as it passes through system Returns it to circulatory system,Anatomy and Physiology,Second, lymph vessels around the small intestine assist with fat absorption Picks up absorbed fats Delivers to circulatory system These lymph vessels are called lacteals (乳糜管),Anatomy and Physiology,Third, lymphatic and immune systems work together Form a group of cells, tissues, organs, & molecules Defense against pathogens Including foreign invaders and own cells that have become diseased,Lymphatic & Immune Combining Forms,adenoid/oadenoids immun/oprotection lymph/olymph lymphaden/olymph node lymphangi/olymph vessel,Lymphatic & Immune Combining Forms,path/odisease splen/ospleen thym/othymus tonsill/otonsils tox/opoison -globulinglobal protein,Word Building with adenoid/o & immun/o,Lymphatic & Immune Vocabulary,Lymphatic & Immune Vocabulary,Lymphatic & Immune Vocabulary,Lymphatic and Immune Abbreviations,Lymphatic & Immune Abbreviations,
展开阅读全文