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二 活用基础知识 巧做单项选择 (重点及解题技巧),I.单项选择(语法.词汇.习语- 重要项目年年考,较重要项目轮换考),要点: 动词时态（现在完成进行时、将来进行时）、语态 2. 动词辨析 3.非谓语动词 4.连词及关系代词 5. 代词 6.形容词、副词 7.介词 8.名词 9.冠词 10、主谓一致 11.情态动词+完成式 11、虚拟语气 12. 交际用语,1.语境设置更为真实、自然、巧妙。词汇、语法知识越考越活。 2. 常用短语, 句型, 习惯搭配务必记实, 记清和记全 3、要注意词不离句，句不离文，注意在特定的语境中，词语和语法的灵活应用。,（一）基础知识考查要点 1 名词：考查的重点是名词单复数，名词辨义及名词搭配。如： He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. wealth; work B.wealths; works C.wealths; work D.wealth; works 08浙江15. Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. A. sense B. view C. means D. idea,2 冠词和数词：考查的重点是冠词和数词的基本用法。如： She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the 08浙江2. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填,3 代词：考查的重点是不定代词与物主代词的用法。如： -Is your camera like Bills and Anns? -No. But its almost the same as_. her B. yours C. them D. their 08浙江9. Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left. A. some B. none C. a little D. few,4 形容词和副词：考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较结构、词语辨析和系表结构。如： -Have you finished your report yet？ -No, Ill finish in _ten minutes. another B. other C. more D. less 08浙江12. There are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country. A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient,08浙江18. Running a company is not _a matter of hiring people they also need to be trained. A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally,ten more minutes,5 动词的时态和语态：考查的重点是语境中的动词形式, 语态常与时态一起考查。如： -Have you moved into the new house? -Not yet. The rooms _. A. are being painting B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painted,-Im sorry, but I cannot repeat that sentence. - Why not? _ very carefully? Arent you listening B. Werent you listening C. Dont you listen D. Hadnt you listened,3. Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much.(08重庆） have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage 4. I dont believe youve already finished reading the book- I _ it to you this morning.(08浙江） would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent,6 情态动词：考查的重点是情态动词的基本用法、虚拟语气的意义与结构。如： -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 08浙江11. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt,7 非谓语动词：在高考中的分数比重及题量逐步增加。考查的重点从及物动词后用不定式或动名词作宾语，转向非谓语动词的句法功能、主动还是被动。 如： Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented,08浙江10. _that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized,08浙江13. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. finding B. being found C. to find D. found,8 特殊句型：考查的重点是倒装、强调、感叹、否定转移、部分否定、反意问句以及省略和替代。如： Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize,9简单句、并列句和复合句：考查的重点连接词的用法。如： It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. while B. if C. that D. for 08浙江6. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one,08浙江4. _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 8. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. whom B. where C. that D. which 16. Dont promise anything _ you are one hundred percent sure. A. whether B. after C. how D. unless,10 短语与搭配：考查的重点一般是动词短语辨义，以及介词与动词、形容词的搭配。如： John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to _all his trousers to his measure. A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up,“放大、放宽”,08浙江14. American Indians _about five percent of the U.S. population. A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up,11交际用语：考查的重点是日常交际用语，一般是根据上下文情境来判断答语。如： -Look out! A car is coming. -._. Otherwise I could have been knocked down. You are right! B. Thank you very much C. Dont be so serious. D. Keep calm.,08浙江卷20. -Shall we go out for dinner tonight? _. A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time,介词：考查与动词、名词的搭配，语意。 08浙江17. Everything was perfect for the picnic _ the weather. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of 19. Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all,（二）单项选择解题技巧 1 利用上下语境。如： -Where shall I _?-At the next stop.A. drop you B. find you C. pick you up D. call on you,分析：就第一句而言，四个选项都有意义。但是，答语At the next stop暗示：两个人说话时在一起。B、C、D都不能用于这一情境。,2 参照类似表达。如：-Where are you going to do the shopping?-At the _ store.A. shoes B. shoe C. shoes D. shoes,分析：想一下熟悉的the book store，此题就迎刃而解了。此题涉及名词作定语的用法，一般规则是：名词作定语用单数。但是，也不能形成定势：有时也用复数，例如：a clothes shop, a sales department等。名词的所有格表达时间、距离和价值，例如：three days stay, a stones throw, ten minutes walk/ride等。3.注意man he woman,3 避免思维定势。如：The young man spent as much time as he _ over his lessons.A. went B. would go C. could to go D. could going,4 避免汉式英语 -Something is wrong with my computer again. Could you repair it? - Of course. _. A. Let me see B. A piece of cake C. Nothing serious D. Look at me,4 分析句子成分、结构。如：The exciting moment we looked forward to _ at last.A. coming B. came C. come D. comes,B,_in the doorway, everyone in the room gave her a cheer.A. Appearing B. As she appeared C. Having appeared D. When appearing,B,_, she had to stay at home and looked after her.A. Her mother was ill B. As she was ill C. Her mother being ill D. Being ill,C,6 重视标点符号。如： _, the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.A. That is well-known B. It is known that C. As is well-known D. We all know,7 重视一词多性。如： I saw a _ good girl on TV last night.A. lovely B. handsome C. pretty D. nice,pretty还可作副词，表示“相当”。,As is reported/expected, /as is often the case,又如most,_people expect, according to the online survey, is that the prices of houses should start to fall. A.As B.It CWhat D.That,the prices of the houses really started to fall,8 重视一词多义。如： Janes pale face suggested that she _ill, and her parents suggested that she _a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was ; have C. should be; had D. was; has,Insist/treat/come on/run/fine/cover,Lead to /look forward to/ contribute to /due to /owing to /stick to /get down to Make a contribution/contributions to devote oneself to/ be devoted to /be used to doing(习惯于) be addicted to/ addict oneself to adjust (oneself)to/ be adjusted to adapt (oneself)to/ be adapted to Live up to sth达到 Pay attention to doing,高考题点击： 1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When left B. LeavingC. If you leave D. Leave 2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried 3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock 4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To give,D,B,D,B,祈使句中的动词问题,Ten minutes earlier _ we could have avoided the accident. A. or B. but C. and D. so,C,1. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. can B. will C. may D. shall “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. may B,. can C. must D. shall - Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.,shant,You should always take into consideration the part a good way of learning will _in your study. A.give B. make C. play D.teach,a good way of learning will play a part in your study,The police got to _ was once an old school and now is a shopping center. A. what B. where C. that D. which 2. He raised the question _ we could get the money. A. that B. if C. how D. what 3. _ there are a good many chemical works, the air is likely to be polluted. A. When B. As C. If D. Where 4. That gentleman, yes, you. Once again, _? A. may I ask B. will you C. isnt it D. am I right,A,C,D,B,8. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of _ over 600 years old. A. them B. which C. it D. that 9. Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident? No,_ only the two passengers who got hurt. it was B. there was C. there were D. there had 10. - Excuse me, _? - Thats $35.76 altogether , madam. how much is the meal weve had B. but can I take your order C. could I have the bill, please D. would you please take the money,A,A,C,The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET2002) A. Begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,Once the research is begun nothing can be done,The missing boys were last seen_ near the river. A. Playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,People last saw the missing boys _ near the river.,See sb. doing/do sth.,playing,The plan I would like to see_out was put forward by the headmaster. A.carried B.to carry out C.being carried out D.Carrying out,which,See sth done,Our time should be made full use of _. A. Study B. studied C. studying D. to study,We should make full use of our time_.,Make full use of ones time to do sth.,to study,Our attention should be paid _. A. learning B. to learn C. of learning D. to learning,He cant believe the difficulty he had _his child. A.bringing up B.growing up C.to bring up D. to grow up,5. The person we spoke to _ no answer at first.A. making B. makes C. make D. made 6. The person we referred to _ us a report tomorrow.A. giving B. will give C. gave D. give 7. The days we have been looking forward to _ soon.A. coming B. will come C. came D. have come 8. The person we talked about _ our school last week.A. visiting B. will visitC. visited D. has visited 9. The man whose songs we are fond of _ in our city next week.A. singing B. to sing C. will sing D. sang,we spoke to,we referred to,we have been looking forward to,we talked about,whose songs we are fond of,Mr smith used to smoke _but he has given it up. A.serously B.heavily C.badly D.hardly,-How was your recent visit to QingDao? -It was great .we visited some friends and spent _days at the seaside. the few last sunny the last few sunny Last few sunny the few sunny last,限定词(the, a ,an,every ,that,this,those.)+数量词+ 评价性adj(pretty,beautiful,ugly.)大形新,颜国材,_students are required to take part in the boat race(04浙江) A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young ten strong Chinese,4. The main reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rate, _ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. A. and B. but C. or D. as 5. Ten minutes earlier _ we could have avoided the accident. A. or B. but C. and D. so 6. Would you like there _ a meeting to discuss the matter? A. being B. to be C. having D. to have 7. _, tears came to his eyes. Reading the letter B. He was reading the letter C. When he was reading the letter D. The letter was being read,D,C,B,C,作宾语通常用there to be结构。常见的动词有expect, like, mean, intend, want, prefer, hate 等。,作介词宾语时用There being，dream of there being,三 完型填空: 要注重情节发展的内在联系及词语运用能力,从近几年的高考题型来看，该题型趋向于淡化语法知识，侧重于语境、篇章，讲究整体理解和体现语言运用的考查，而且所选文章特别关注内容情节发展的内在联系及词语运用能力，进一步加强对语义的理解和领悟考核。同学们在答题时务必通读全文，通常情况下一篇完型填空必有几处答案难以确定。在推敲疑点时要紧扣文意情景，从上下文中寻找线索，根据事实进行排队。,完形填空要点: 摈弃”一步到位”的心态 着眼文意理解 花五分钟上下求索 左顾右盼 瞻前顾后,技巧: 1. 通读全文: 注意标题,开头,结尾, 抓线索, 觅信息词 2. 仔细选择: 迅速判断空格中含的句子结构,句型,短语,判断要填的空格中所需的词性,句子成分和词义。 3. 验证答案: 模棱两可的答案,还是以第一印象为主,提醒: 完”形” 须先完”义”,四 阅读理解: 重在阅读速度、长句理解、词语推测,阅读理解题的特点是材料的选择强调真实性和体裁的多样化，如旅游、世界杯足球赛、WTO，国际化等话题，记叙、说明、议论、应用等文体。测试题有考查细节内容的理解，也有一些考查同学们能否把握作者的整体思路、推断作者的写作意图，或者是依据上下文推断单词或词组在一定语境中的含义等题目，甚至还会有要求推断语篇开始之前或者结束之后可能发生的事。通常你必须明白你所选择的答案是依据文中的那个词或句子而来。阅读时，要充分注意查找关键词和关键句。如果遇到大量生词，只要不影响对整篇文章的理解就跳过去，如要求猜测词义就通过上下文来猜，一定要保持良好的心态。,阅读理解的考查方式 推断词义。 1.根据合成、转化、派生等构词法知识猜测词义； 2.根据上下文中的同义词、反义词猜测词义； 3.利用上下文中的定语、同位语等猜测词义； 4.利用作者的解释、注释等猜测词义； 5.利用上下文中表示对比关系的词语，如： while、but、rather than、far from等判断词义。, 概括主旨。常见的提问方式： This news story is mainly about _. The text is mainly about _ . The best headline (标题) for this newspaper article is_. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? What would be the best title for the text?, 捕捉细节。常见的提问方式： Which of the following statements is true （false）according to the paragraph(passage) ? All the following statements are (not true) EXCEPT The author (writer) mentions all of the items listed below EXCEPT The statements made by the author (writer) are based on evidence (example, fact) The author (paragraph, passage) states (informs, tell us) that, 推断信息。针对主题大意/中心思想的推断题。常见的提问方式： We can conclude that. We may infer that. The writer suggests that. The story implies that. What the writer really means is. It can be inferred from the passage that. According to the passage, you can see. It can be seen from the passage that. The passage suggests that. In the writers opinion, .,针对作者的观点、态度和意图的推断题。 What does the author think of? How does the author feel about? In the writers opinion, ? Whats the tone of this passage?,针对写作思路、文章体裁和来源的推断题 What does/did the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss? The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with. Where did this passage most probably appear? These extracts（摘录）are probably taken from.,1.细节理解题解题技巧： 这类试题考查考生对文中某一细节或重要事实的辨认、理解。因此，考生应该首先阅读短文（特别是广告、说明文等）后面的问题,找出“key words”，确定所需查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读手法快速确定文中的出处，并对其进行转换、加工，直至确定最佳答案。,解题技巧,2.主旨判断题解题技巧： 主旨判断题的范围一般包括：短文标题、主题、大意或段落大意等。做这类题目时，要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实、作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结和概括。但要注意：概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统，或者只概括一段或几句话的意思。,3.推理判断题解题技巧： 推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。应注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不是在问你作为中国学生的想法，而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。,应试要点 先将文章大概扫读一遍，再行阅读 如有标题，应仔细看，它与全文中心有关 遇有生词又猜不出意思，跳过去继续看 每段的首句尾句常与本段中心有关 概括全文中心意思要包括各段内容 猜词要依据原文上下文来确定 infer是指原文没有明说但可猜出之意,推理判断要以作者态度为准 有的题可根据常识理解 找具体信息时用跳读的技术 答题时要看清题目要求，四个选项都要看 不改变以往做题习惯,先看题还是先看文章各有利弊,注意事项： 1所选有据，避免主观。 阅读他人之作，理解他人之意，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。 2符合原文的答案=正确答案最佳答案。 阅读题要求选的最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。 3.有法，但无定法，贵在得法。 要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善思，要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度。同时也要探索和总结适合自己的学习方法或技巧。实践出真知，多练出效益。,五 注意改错格式,文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的 地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（）， 并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面 写上修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者 ( 从第11处起 ) 不计分。,例如：It was very nice to get your invitation to spend weekend with you. the Luckily I was completely free then, so am Ill to say “yes”. Ill arrive in Bristol at around 8 pm in Friday evening. on,六 书面表达: 审题、列提纲很重要,.书面表达:（*用黑水笔写作文） 要点: 该写什么: 审题,明确规定任务,决定内容要点 怎么写: 明白要点提炼要点扩充细节 组织语篇检查语句,考试说明要求: 1. 切中题意 2. 语言准确得当 3. 条理清楚 文体: 半开放性议论文 ,说明文 , 应用文 题材: 中学生熟悉的生活常识范围之内,*写作步骤 看题目、看要求、看体裁； 定文体、定人称、定时态； 选要点、选要词、选句型； 重条理、重过渡、重书写。,三个重点: 看: 认真审题 (按要求写作-格式, 人称,时态, 主题) 2.思:打英文草稿 3.写:运用所学词汇和短语写作, 运用简单, 熟悉的句型和词汇,难点: 汉译英(尤其是文字提示类型),检查: 是否跑题 2. 人称是否合乎要求 3. 结构是否正确(主谓一致, 时态,语态, 单复数, 动词各形式) 4.层次过度是否自然,单词拼写,大小写,标点符号是否正确) 5.要点是否遗漏 6.词数是否达标,容易扣分的环节 英语标点符号和大小写使用错误。 文章里面出现汉字、汉语拼音等。 时间分配不合理，给作文留的时间太少，文章没有写完。 文章缺乏必要的构思，涂改现象严重。 文章词数少于80或超过规定最高要求的试卷从总分中扣2分。,要提醒大家，一定要注意书写清楚、规范。 2009年考试说明中的写作评分标准规定， “如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个 档次(5分)”。,首先，要注意审题。既“三审”：审体裁，审人称，审时态。其次，考生要对写什么(作文内容或要点)，怎么写(行文和语言)在头脑里面必须有一个清晰的思路。从阅卷的情况来看，很多考生动笔就写，发现错误后，不得不进行修改。由于不准使用涂改液和胶带，致使卷面多处涂改，严重影响卷面整洁，也影响了考生的实际成绩。,再次，考生应该从遣词造句角度多下工夫。从词语上，尽可能运用已经学过的而且比较熟悉的词组、短语或成语；从句式上，力求变换各种句式，如强调句、倒装句、各种从句和固定句型等，长句和短句交错使用；英语和汉语中都有一词多义的现象，写作时同样的意思，考生应该尽可能用多种方法翻译，然后找出一个最佳表达。必须注意的是，考生一定不要片面追求花哨文字，拼凑一些错误百出的英语词句，使自己的成绩大打折扣。只要在确保没有错误的前提下作一些适当发挥即可。,例如： 1.He came here at 5 p.m. yesterday.(一般) 2.He did not come here until 5 p.m. yesterday.(否定句) 3.Not until/till 5 p.m. did he come here yesterday.(倒装句) 4.It was not until/till 5 p.m. that he came here yesterday.(强调句),最后，行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。为了使文章结构严密，增强说服力和感染力，考生应该在句与句之间，恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。常见的有： 列举：for example、for instance、that is to say 补充：besides、in addition、moreover 对比： however on the other hand、in spite of 原因：because of、thanks to、due to、owing to 结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so 结论：to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up 转折：however、nevertheless、yet,另外，考生很容易出现句与句之间不使用连接词的错误，这是英语写作中的大忌。我们一定要牢记使用连接词。 例： We are good friends and we should help each other.(并列连词) As we are good friends，we should help each other.(从属连词) Being good friends，we should help each other.(非谓语动词) When he was young，his father died in the civil war，but he didnt lose heart.(从属/转折连词),1.We all think he is a great man. 2. As a result the plan was a failure. 3. She went there in order to study music. 4. In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.,We all of him .,The plan to be a failure.,She went there studying music.,Our school twentysix classrooms.,think highly,turned out,for the purpose of,is made up of,5. You can find my house easily. 6. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. 7. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.,Youll finding my house.,A good idea to me.,the good weather, our journey was comfortable.,have no trouble,A good idea suddenly me.,Thanks to,occurred,struck,高分作文的标准（630分）： 完全完成了规定任务； 覆盖所有内容要点； 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;具备了较强的语言运用能力； 4有效的使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑； 5完全达到了预期的写作目的,（一）认识失分原因 1审题不仔细，遗漏要点。,2过渡不自然，单纯翻译。,有效地运用连接词，可使上下文连贯流畅。,3表达不丰富，结构单调。,短语、从句可使短文更富有表现力。,温馨提示：,1、趁头脑清醒，先把短文改错 做了,2、做阅读理解时，不妨先把任务型阅读题做了。,3、单选不要花太多时间，（ 做题遵守先易后难的原则，不要在某一道题或者分值较小的题目上花过多的时间），重头戏在阅读部分（完形，阅读，写作），把握好时间,4、题目做好后，如果没十足把握， 不要轻易改动答案。相信第一感觉，没有充分、足够的理由不要推翻第一次的选择；写作保持卷面整洁；书写工整,5、用黑笔作答，答题卡填涂均匀（选择题比较多，千万不要涂错了。可在答题的过程中边做边涂；一定不要忘记在考试结束前10分钟左右涂完自己的机读卡；建议同学们第一次答题时，对于没有把握的试题答案应该用铅笔做一个标记，以示区别。 ）,6、 考前复习建议（考纲中的单词，词组（动词短语，冠词等）;单选；改错；作文不同类型，体裁的文章的写作格式，写作模式）,May you succeed!,May You succeed!,
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