阅读同义词替换

A/G雅思考试出题考点词，考点替换词，同义词汇总雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：剑桥1-41.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/ percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement n. 涉及，卷入，参与6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于考虑到，尽管6.induce v 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive n 归纳 generate 生产，制造/ degrade -grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify 42. consequence后果-影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution= substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative= 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立-be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =n/creative/revolutionaryl易错拼写：environment/ convenient 49neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50ambiguous-ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达，通报52.accommodate 1供.食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使停靠mitment 1 to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务54contribute to 导致 result in /account for (占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=evidently56.对怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious-notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous/well-known59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization60.超过：exceed/ surpass 61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma 62.语言：linguist 学家/ lingual和有关的/ bilingual/ 双语 63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species ,strainbreed：n品种，v繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言 accent 腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) v 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动-initiative原创性= origin 66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（ 被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual68.gene/ genetic defect 缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce-deductive / inferential induction 归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary74. a factor in sth/ depend on sth 75. be preferred by/ choice 76. attitude to/ how77. the present century/ modern society78. broad/ great 79.in term of 按照，在方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的81. physical/ medical 82.negotiation/ agreement 谈判，洽谈/ 商定，协议83. evolve/ develop 84.apartment/ accommodation 公寓/ 住房85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的（网恋）/ 模拟86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/ 灾难，不幸87.innovate/ invent 革新，创新/ 发明，创造sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/ 工艺88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的，极高的/ 费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in 90.labour 美，澳/work91. attend to/ take care of 92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工（家庭）93.indicate/ predict 指示，表明，象征/ 预料，预言A major contributor to/ be central to 来源，起点/ 是的主要，中心原因94.expert/ therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家95.lead to/ be associated with 相联系（带来的好处）96.balanced/ equitable 平等的97.handicap/ disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable to by/ from99. benefit/ advantage 100. substantial influence/ greater likelihood 101. agree on/ define102. considered desirable/ effectiveness 103.masquerade/ (in) disguise 伪装104.insignificant/ didnt seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/ examine 审核,检查106caliber/ criterion 标准107no-one know存在148. almost/ approximately 149. be out of date/ be developed 150.solve/ reduce 减少151. famous/ eminent 152. barrier/ hurdle153. higher position/ top post154.Advantage: virtue,merit,benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处 ,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness, failing, weakness,defect,drawback, negative aspect, fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement, feat 成功164.Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate 污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的abide bybe faithful to, obey忠于, 遵守absence of mindbeing absent-minded心不在焉absorbtake up the attention of吸引 的注意力abundant inbe rich in, be well supplied with富于, 富有by accidentby chance偶然地, 意外of ones own accordwithout being asked, freely自愿地, 主动地in accordance within agreement with依照,根据takeinto accountconsider把 考虑进去account forgive an explanation or reason for解释, 说明on account ofbecause of由于, 因为adapt oneself toadjust oneself to使自己适应于adjacentnext to毗邻的admit ofleave room for留有余地in advancebefore in time预告, 事先above allespecially尤其是, 最重要的agree ondefine认同in allaltogether总共, 总计allow fortake into consideration, take into account考虑到, 估计到amount toto be equal to总计, 等于ambiguityobscure暧昧的answer forundertake responsibility for, be liable for对 负责apparentlypatently显而易见的approve ofconsent to, be in favor of赞成arise frombe caused by由 引起attachto fix, fasten缚, 系attend togive ones attention, care and thought注意, 照顾aware ofbe conscious of, having knowledge or consciousness意识到, 知道a vast array ofa great variety of系列at ones backsupporting or favoring支持, 维护turn ones back onin an impolite way背弃, 抛弃on behalf ofas the representative of以 名义be accustomed tobe in the habit of, be used to习惯于be acquainted withto have knowledge of, to have met socially了解,熟悉be ashamed ofguilt or sorrow because of以 为羞耻be obtained inbe derived in获得believe inhave faith or trust in依赖, 信仰calibercriterion标准catastrophedisaster灾难categorizeclassify分类complexcomplicated,sophisticated复杂的contributor tobe central to中心原因constrainrestrict限制chroniclong-term长期的depleteexhaust耗尽defectflaw缺点，不足之处decodedecipher译解delaydrawback耽误demolishdismantle毁坏divineheavenly神圣的eliminatelessen减少emphasizestress强调exorbitantexpensive过度的fascinationattraction迷住，吸引住fatallethal致命的get the better ofdefeat打败, 胜过handicapprimitive残疾的，落后的inadequateinsufficient缺乏的，不足的in any casefor love or money, whatever happens无论如何in briefin as few words as possible简言之indicatepredict表明inadequatedeficiency不充分，不适当的intensive burstexplosive release强烈的爆发introduceinvolve引入in casefor fear that万一innovateinvent革新，创新inspectexamine审核,检查lead tobe associated with相联系look likeresemble类似于masqueradedisguise伪装modifychange改变，修改molten rocklava，magma岩浆negotiationagreement谈判，洽谈notoriousflagrant臭的no-one knownotorious（反义）无人知晓not requireunnecessary不需要，不必要pessimismnegative悲观的，忧郁的prosperousthriving兴旺，繁荣poisonoustoxic有毒的povertypoor贫穷rigidstiff僵硬的rudimentaryunderdeveloped初级的separatesplit分开seizecatch捕捉skepticaldubious对怀疑sympatheticunderstand同情，赞同virtualsimulate模拟artificial= synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudoconventional= traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinarydemand= request, claim, need, order, require, call fordecline= decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worseningdevelop= evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourishdifficulty= handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, troubleearly= first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remotefind= discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncoverfuture= whats next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcominghow= describe, operate, explain, clarify, demonstrate, eludicate, expound, illustrate, interpret, account forinevitable= unavoidable, certain, destined, fated, inescapable, suremilitant= armed, belligerent, army, weapon, warlikeobjection= commercial challenge, complaint, disapproval, opposition, protest, query, question, remonstrationobstacle= bar, barricade, barrier, block, blockage, check, obstruction, problem, snag, hurdleprevalent =common, usual, prevailing, widespread, systematic, collective, general, popularreduce= curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slashrole= function (provide, support, weaken, smooth, solve), job, position, duty, post, task, contributionrecent= modern, current, now, nowadays, today, contemporaneous, new, novel, present, up-to-datesimulate= virtual, create, reproduce, pretend, imitatesignificance= importance, milestone, impact, justification, gist, implication, point, purport, vitalitybusiness, economic, financial, mercantile, profitable, pecuniaryworldwide= international, cosmopolitan, global, universal, ubiquitous, widespread, around the world解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate依赖：rely on, depend on, count on十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide发展：develop, cultivate, foster优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside, Advantage: benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处Disadvantage: weakness, drawback, negative aspect, fault不利Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点Ability; capability, power, caliber能力Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的Success: achievement, feat 成功Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致Disaster: catastrophe 灾难Pollute: contaminate 污染Poisonous: toxic 有毒的Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的1. important 重要的=crucial (extremelymon 普通的=universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for peoples needs and wants)4.stick 粘=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect 忽略=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near 临近的=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin7.pursue 寻求=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate 准确的=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague 模糊的=obscure10.top 顶=peak, summitpetitor 竞争对手=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame 指责=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon 意见=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame 名声=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build 直立/竖立=erect (you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult 侮辱=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain 抱怨=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary 根本的=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve 缓解=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force 强迫=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel按字母排列Abide by=comply with遵守Accelerate=speed up加速Achieve=obtain得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体Aim.n=objective 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence 因此、从而As well as=and和Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与相连接、附着在上At will=at randomby chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee保证B Be free of=with out=no 没有Be similar to=closely resembled 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地C Calculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与有关Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Conservation = protection 保护Conserve=protect保护Consist of=comprise of 由什么组成Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与协作Convert to=turn to 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现D Degenerated=underdeveloped=degraded退化Development=invention 发展Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Due to = because of = without a view to 由于E Endanger=threaten 威胁Ensure = make sure 确保Establish=set up建立Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Embark upon=start开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruc=educate启蒙、给予知识F Fail to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误，缺损Form=shape 形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release释放Frequently=often 经常G Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对具有很重要的影响力Guarantee to do sth =promise to do sth 保证做某事H Hold=harbor拥有Halt=stop 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier 阻碍I Identical=the same一模一样In addition to=besides 除了Indicate=show表明In reaction to=respond to 对起反应In the event of= in case of 万一Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入K Key a.=important=significant=crucial=essential重要的，关键的Key n.=approach=means=method=technique方法L Likelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系M Match sth to=assign sth to把和搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明Measure=access=rate评估N Nature=character本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的O