初二同步英语冀教版Unit4教师讲义

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Unit 4 My Neighbourhood第一部分 重要知识点讲解【重点单词】Cross perfect football regular customer show cartoon complete direction through wrong lady along safe freeze centre bank comfortable sweep floor however chocolate main interview job fix magic scissors smell master skill truth flu mile opposite cinema keep【重点短语】1.on ones / the way to在去的路上 2.point to 指着3.go/ walk past/ by走/ 路过 4.be late for 迟到5.to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 6.get to 到达7.with the help of 在的帮助下 8.addto把加到9.taketo带到/ 去 10.go to a concert 去听音乐会11.a piece of一张/ 片 12.discuss sth. with sb.与某人谈论某事13get/be lost 迷路 14.on the sidewalk 在人行道上15.pay attention to注意 16.play hockey打冰球17.be made of由制成 18.be happy with对感到满意19.bothand既又 20.go for a walk 散步21.a pair of一条/ 双 22.be filled with充满23. to tell you the truth 说实话 24. get to know 逐渐认识25. have the flu 得了流感【重点句型】1. Would you like to do sth.? 你想要做某事吗?2. Itsblock(s) from意为“距有个街区”。3. ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事4. It is(nt)+ adj.+ to do做(不)是5. keep sb./ sth. doing sth. 使某人/ 某物一直做某事【口语交际】1. Now,cross the street. Turn right. 现在穿过街道。向右拐。2. From there,you can see the movie theatre.从那儿你就会看到电影院的。3. We will go past some of my favourite shops. 我们将会经过一些我最喜欢的商店。4. Excuse me.Can you tell me the way to the cinema?打扰了。你能告诉我去电影院的路吗?Yes. I can.是的,可以。5. Go down this street. Turn right at the second crossing.沿着这条街走,在第二个路口向右拐。6. Where would you like to live?你想居住在哪里?7. Its about one mile from Uncle Davidss home to school.从大为叔叔家到学校大约一英里。【语法聚焦】一.人称代词与物主代词 二. because引导的原因状语从句课时精讲Lesson 25 No stopping!1. What places do you pass on your way to school?【考点精讲】在你上学的路上你经过哪些地方?on ones way to. 在某人去.的路上, ones要与主语的人称保持一致,后接表示地点的副词here, there, home等时, to要省略。I met Mr. Zhang on my way to the station. 在我去车站的路上,我遇到了张老师。On my way home, I saw a traffic accident. 在我回家的路上,我看见一起交通事故。2. Usually we take the school bus. 通常我们坐学校的校车。【考点精讲】take the school bus 坐学校校车, take意为“乘坐”Tom takes the school bus to go to school every day. 汤姆每天坐学校校车去学校。辨析:take a bus与by bustake a bus动词短语在句中作谓语I took a bus to the railway station.我坐公交车去火车站。by bus介词短语在句末作状语I go to school by bus.我坐公交车去上学。3. Then cross the street. 然后穿过街。【考点精讲】cross v. 越过, 穿过, 渡过(=go across), 横穿cross a river/bridge/street 过河/桥/街【扩展】cross n. 十字形,十字形物 the Red Cross 红十字会辨析:cross与across(1) . cross v. 可以单独作谓语 cross=go/walk acrossLook! Tom is crossing the road. 看!汤姆正在过马路。(2) . across 介词,其前与go, walk, run, swim等词连用,表示“横穿,越过”He swam across the river. 他游过河去。4. They are walking because its sunny. 他们步行着,因为天气晴朗。【考点精讲】 sunny形容词,意为“晴朗的;阳光灿烂的”,是由名词sun变化而来的形容词。在有些名词的后面加“y”,可变为形容词。rainrainysnowsnowywindwindycloudcloudy雨下雨的雪下雪的风有风的云多云的注意:询问天气状况的句型:Whats the weather like?= How is the weather? 天气怎么样?Whats the weather like in Beijing today? 今天北京的天气怎么样?Its cloudy. 阴天。5. The bus goes too fast.(校)车行驶得太快。【考点精讲】 fast此处用作副词,意为“迅速地;快地”。I cant understand you because you talk too fast. 你说得太快了,我听不懂。辨析:fast, quickly, 与soon(1) fast侧重于指人或物具有动作快的特点,常指运动中持续的动作。The car runs faster than the motorbike.这辆汽车比这辆摩托车跑得快。(2) quickly常指反应快或表示某事在比较短的时间内发生或完成。He had breakfast quickly. 他很快吃完早饭。(3) soon不久,指现在或指定时间之后不久。They were in the middle of the river soon. 很快他们就到了河中间。6. He is pointing to the right.他指着右边。【考点精讲】point to意为“指着”,与point at 同义。The needle points to the south. 指南针指向南方。辨析:point to 与point atpoint to所指的对象一般是较远的人或物体,强调所指人或物体与动作的发出者之间有一定的距离He pointed to the hill nan asked, “Have you ever been there?”point at所指的对象一般是较近的人或物体,强调所指人或物体与动作的发出者之间距离不远或就在眼前It is rude to point at people with a finger.Lesson 26 The Best Neighbourhood1. Over here is a video store. 这儿是一家音像制品店。【考点精讲】over here 放在句首时句子要用倒装语序Over here is his new office. 这儿是他的新办公室。2. Would you like to live in a neighbourhood with a lot of parks or stores? 你想生活在一个拥有许多公园或者商店的社区吗?【考点精讲】with a lot of parks or stores修饰名词neighbourhood, with “带有,具有”, 此时的with短语常作后置定语。I have a house with ten rooms. 我有一座有10个房间的房子。Lesson 27 Eat a Donut and Turn Right!1. They are going to see a movie.他们打算去看一场电影。【考点精讲】see a movie 意为“看电影”。movie相当于film。在美国常用see a moive表示“看电影”,而在英国常用see a film表示“看电影”。“看电影”还可以说成watch a movie或go to the cinema。2. Danny wrote out the directions for him on a piece of paper. 丹尼为他在纸上详细地写了说明。【考点精讲】(1) . write out 写完(详细地写),誊写I have written out the directions on the paper. 我已把说明详细地写在纸上了。【扩展】write in 把.写入 write down 写下,记下 write (back) to.写(回)信给.(2) . for介词 “为了”This letter is for you. 这封信是给你的。【扩展】for 连词 “因为,由于”I dont want to go, for it is raining. ,我不想去,因为天正在下雨。3First,walk down the street and eat a donut at the coffe shop.首先,沿着这条街走并在咖啡店吃一个面包圈。【考点精讲】walk down意为“沿着走”,相当于walk along。down/ along 用于go/ walk 等动词后,意为“沿着”。Walk down this road then you can find the hotel.沿着这条路走,然后你就能找到那家宾馆。4.Walk through the park. 步行穿过公园。【考点精讲】He is walking through the gate. 他正穿过那个门。辨析:through与acrossthrough表示动作是在某一物体的内部空间进行的,如穿过一道门,穿过森林等含义与in有关across表示动作是在物体的表面上进行的,强调从意从一端到另一端,如过河,过桥,过马路等含义与on有关The train goes through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。Tom walks across the street. 汤姆步行穿过街道。5. This must be it. 这一定就是那个公园.【考点精讲】must情态动词 表示推测,“一定” must表示有很大把握的推测,must表示推测时的否定形式要用cant- Ive had no sleep for 40 hours. 我已经40个小时没睡觉了。- You must be very sleepy. 你一定很困了。6.Brain says to himself. 布莱恩在心里想。【考点精讲】say to oneself 心里想,相当于think“I may be late for class,”I said to myself. 我心里想,“我可能会上课迟到。”【扩展】talk to oneself 自言自语The little girl was talking to herself as she was playing with the doll.这个小女孩边玩玩具边自言自语。7. Can you tell me the way to the cinema?你能告诉我去电影院的路吗?【考点精讲】问路句型,can可用could代替,表示更客气,委婉的语气the way to. 去.的路,本句也可以表述为:Can you tell me how to get to the cinema?或Can you tell me which is the way to the cinema?【扩展】表示“问路”的句式有很多,请看下面的例句:Where is the nearest post office? 最近的邮局在哪儿?Excuse me. How can I get to the park? 劳驾,我怎样才能到达公园呢?Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to the park? 打扰了,你能告诉我怎样到达公园吗?Excuse me. Which is the way to No. 1 Middle School?劳驾,哪一条是去第一中学的路?Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the park? 打扰了,你能告诉我去公园的路怎么走吗?问答问路常用语:(1) Walk along this street and is on your right. 沿着这条街走,就在你的右边。(2) Go down this way and turn left at the first crossing, and youll find沿着这条街走,在第一个十字路口往左拐,你将找到(3) You can just takebus and get off at the third station. And youll see it.你正巧可乘路公共汽车,并在第三站下车,你就看到它了。(4) Its aboutminutes walk from here. 从这里大约步行分钟的路程。(5) is behind/ near / on the left of 在的后边/ 附近/ 左边。(6) is next to 紧挨着8. Five minutes later, Brian arrives at the entrance of the theatre. 5分钟后,布莱尔到了电影院的入口。【考点精讲】five minutes later 意为“5分钟后”。“一段时间+later”意为“之后”,常用语一般过去时态中。Two years later, he returned, he returned to England. 两年后,他返回了英国。【拓展】“in+一段时间”也表示“之后”,但它常用与将来时态中。He will be back in two days.两天后他将回来。9.Im lost! 我迷路了!【考点精讲】be lost=get lost, 意为“迷路”,lost 在此是形容词,用作表语,表示“迷失的;迷路的”。Its easy to get lost in big cities.在大城市很容易迷路。【拓展】be lost的同义短语还有lose ones way,在这个短语中lose为及物动词,其过去式、过去分词是lost。My friend lost his way yesterday. 我朋友昨天迷路了。Lesson 28: Turn Right, Turn Left 向右拐,向左拐1. Excuse me.请原谅/ 打扰了/ 麻烦一下/ 劳驾.【考点精讲】Excuse me 常用于做某事会打扰某人或引起某人不便时,如:借东西、询问方向等场合。Excuse me. Can I borrow your eraser, please? 麻烦您(请原谅),请问我可以借一下你的橡皮吗?Excuse me. Can you tell me where the bakery is? 劳驾,您能告诉我面包店在哪儿吗?【拓展】Im sorry. 请原谅/ 对不起/ 抱歉。此句常用于表达委婉的拒绝、不同意等场合,也可用于做了错事而表示道歉。Im sorry. I cant come to your party. 很抱歉,我不能来参加你的聚会了。Im sorry. Im late. 对不起,我来晚了。2. people are walking along the sidewalk. 人们正沿着人行道走。【考点精讲】people 集合名词,意为“人,人们”。There are three people in my family. 我家有3口人。辨析:people与personpeople集体名词人,人们表示复数概念,没有单数形式。说“一个人”时,不可用people;当表示两个或两个以上的人时,可用peopleperson个体名词人泛指man, woman或child中的任何一个,其复数形式是persons。但人们习惯用people代替persons。“一个人”常用a person来表示;而需要说明一个人的性别是用a man/ a woman 来表示Therere many people(=persons) in the shop today. 今天商店里有许多人。注意:people 是集合名词,本身具有复数含义,若在其前面用“a”或在其后面加s,表示的是“民族”。The peoples of China中国各民族Lesson 29: My Neighbourhood 我的社区1.Its only three blocks from my house. 它离我家只要三个街区。【考点精讲】Itsblocks from意为“距有个街区”。用来表示距离。对其提问用how far。How far is it from here to the west station? 从这里到西车站多远?Its only two blocks. 只有两个街区。2.However, I usually have hot chocolate. 然而,我通常喝热巧克力饮料。【考点精讲】however 副词,意为“然而”,单独使用。I dont think we can do it然而,我们还是要试一试。辨析:however 与buthowever副词然而,不过,但是可以位于句首、句中和句末;位于句首时,其后要用逗号与句子其他部分隔开;位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号;位于句末时,其前用逗号分开but连词然而,但是but所表示的对比非常明显,转折的意味较however要强。总是位于所引出的分句之首,but之后一般不使用逗号。He was ill. He went to work, however. 他病了,然而他照旧去上班了。Tom went to the party,but his brother didnt.汤姆去参加聚会了,但他的弟弟没去。3. Then I ask her to buy my favourite foods! 然后,我就请求她买我最喜欢的食物!【考点精讲】ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。ask后必须跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,其否定形式是在to 的前面加not,即ask sb. not to do sth.。与其用法相同的词还有:tell, order等。The teacher asks us to clean the classroom after school. 她让我来参加她的晚会。My father told me not to play with fire. 我爸爸告诉我不要玩火。4.I always wash my own clothes.【考点精讲】这里own作形容词,常用于形容词性物主代词的后面,起强调作用,意为“自己的”。例如:This is my own room.这是我自己的房间。own还可做动词,意为“拥有”。例如:We each own a computer.我们每个人拥有一台电脑。5.sometimes I go with her.有时我跟她一起去。【考点精讲】some times 副词,意为“有时”,表频率,用how often提问。Somentimes I go to the park.有时我去公园。【拓展】表示频率的词语还有:always总是 usually 通常 often经常 sometimes有时 seldom 很少 never从来不 once a day 一天一次 every day 每天频率副词表示动作发生的频率程度,由高到低表示为:alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomneverLesson 30: People in My Neighbourhood 在我社区的人们1. One day, our teacher gave us an exciting project: to interview different people with different jobs. 一天,我们的老师给了我们一个令人兴奋的任务:去采访从事不同工作的不同的人。【考点精讲】job可数名词,意为“工作”。My friend has a good job.我朋友有一份好的工作。【拓展】be out of a job 失业 lose ones job失业Full-time job全职工作 part-time job兼职工作辨析:job与workjob可数名词,复数为jobs指具体的职业或零工work不可数名词指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动All my friends have good jobs.我所有的朋友都有好工作。I have a lof of work to do today. 我今天我许多工作要做。考点向导:常考察job为可数名词,而其同义词work为不可数名词的用法。2. Mr. Green has been a tailor for more than twenty years.格林先生做裁缝已经二十多年了。【考点精讲】这是一个现在完成时的句子,现在完成时的构成为“have/ has+ 动词的过去分词”。for more than twenty years为时间段,因此句中谓语为延续性动词或表状态的动词。been为be的过去分词,在句中表示状态。3. He was busy, but he still answered my questons. 他很忙,但他仍然回答了我的问题。【考点精讲】busy 形容词,意为“忙的”。Tom is a busy man. 汤姆是一个大忙人。其常见结构为:(1) be busy with sth. 意为“忙于某事”。Li Chao is busy with his homework. 李超忙于他的家庭作业。(2) be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”。My mother is busy cleaning the room.我妈妈忙于打扫房间。4. Mr. Green cut with his magic scissors. 格林先生用他有魔力的剪刀裁剪。【考点精讲】(1) magic形容词,意为“有魔力的;有魔术的”,也可作名词,意为“魔术”。 a magic mirror 一面魔镜(2) scissors 名词,意为“剪刀”,为复数形式。A pair of scissors 一把剪刀【拓展】常用复数形式的名词还有:pants裤子,shoes鞋, chopsticks 筷子,gloves 手套, socks 短袜,shorts短裤,jeans牛仔裤5. It was filled with a delicious smell. 里面充满了香味。【考点精讲】(1) be filled with 意为“充满,装满”,相当于be full of,主语多为容器之类的东西,with 后接所要装的东西。The glass is filled with water. 杯子里装满了水。(2) smell此处用作可数名词,意为“气味”。Some flowers have strong smells. 有些花儿有浓烈的味。【拓展】smell还可作连系动词,意为“闻起来”,后跟形容词作表语。The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。smell还可以用作实义动词,意为“闻(的气味);闻到(的气味)”。注意:此时不能用于进行时。I smelled the rose. It smelled sweet. 我闻玫瑰,它闻起来很甜。6. By 7 oclock, the breads are ready to go. 在7点之前,面包就准备出售了。【考点精讲】by 在此用作介词,意为“不迟于;到时(为止);在以前”。Will you finish the task by tomorrow? 到明天你能完成任务吗?Lesson 31: I Need a Map! 我需要一张地图!1. To tell you the truth, I had the flu this week说实话,这周我得了流行性感冒【考点精讲】(1) to tell you the truth 意为“说实话”,常作插入语,在句中用逗号与句子隔开。 To tell you the truth, he is an honest man. 说实话,他是一个诚实的人。(2) truth名词,意为“真理;真相”。其形容词形式为true(真的,真实的)。We found out the truth about him. 我们查明了他的真实情况。(3) have the flu意为“得流行性感冒”。The little boy had the flu. 这个小男孩得了流行性感冒。【拓展】常见的由have构成的表示人体疾病的短语:Have a headache头痛 have a cold患感冒 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a fever 发烧2. Im working very hard at school. 我正在学校努力学习。【考点精讲】work hard 意为“努力学习;努力工作”,work hard 后常加介词at,表示在某一方面刻苦学习,意为“努力学习”。Wang Hai is working hard at his English. 王海正努力学习英语。3. When we walk to school, we go by the bakery. 当我们步行去上学的时候,我们经过那家面包店。【考点精讲】when连词,意为“当的时候”,在此引导时间状语从句。When water becomes solid , we call it ice. 当水变成固体的时候,我们叫它冰。辨析:when与while 两者都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有异。(1) when“当的时候”,从句中的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词。He was listening to the radio when I entered. 当我进去的时候,他正在听收音机。Mary often came to see me when I was ill. 我生病期间,玛丽经常来看我。(2) while“当/ 在的时候”,从句中的谓语动词常用延续性动词,且常用于进行时态,强调主句动作是在从句所表示的时间内发生的,或者说从句与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。While / when I was walking in the street , I met a friend of mine. 正当我在街上走时,我遇到了我的一个朋友。4. But it isnt always easy to live in a new neighbourohood.但是在一个新社区生活并不总是容易的。【考点精讲】本句属于部分否定。当not与always,all,every等词连用时,表示部分否定,意为“并非都/ 总是”。Not everyone likes English. 并非人人都喜欢英语。(有的人不喜欢)I dont know all of your names. 并非你们所有人的名字我都知道。(有的人的名字我不知道)I cant always understand his words. 我不能总是听懂他的话。(有的时候听不懂)5. I was going to meet Danny at the cinema.我打算在电影院与丹尼会和。【考点精讲】was/ were going to do sth. 表示过去打算将要做某事。Tom was going to be a teacher when he finished school. 汤姆毕业时要成为一名老师。6.This week,I got to know my neihbourhood. 这周,我开始熟悉我的社区了。【考点精讲】get to know 意为“知道,了解,逐渐认识”。get to do sth. 意为“逐步做某事”,表示有一段逐步做的过程。How did you get to know I was here? 你是怎么知道我在这儿的?语法专项人称代词与物主代词【语法全解】1. 人称代词:代替人或事物的代词是人称代词。(1) 人称代词的形式人称代词根据其在句中的功能,有主格与宾格之分:单数复数主格myyourhisHeritsouryourtheir宾格mineyoursHishersitsoursyourstheirs中文我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/ 她/它们的(2) 人称代词的用法 作主语(用主格):放在谓语动词前面。She is a teacher. 她是一名教师。 作宾语(用宾格):放在及物动词或介词的后面。Please call me Tom. 请叫我汤姆。 作表语(用主格或宾格,口语中常用宾格):放在连系动词的后面。who is it? (你)是谁? Its me. 是我。2. 物主代词:表示事物所属关系的代词是物主代词。(1) 物主代词的形式物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表:单数复数形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs中文我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/ 她/它们的(2) 物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语;放于名词的前面,修饰后面的名词,不能单独使用。名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、定语、表语以及与of连用作定语。名词性物主代词含义相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,从而避免名词的重复使用。My radio is cheaper than yours. 我的收音机比你的便宜。His elder sister is a friend of ours. 他的姐姐是我们的一个朋友。This is my seat. Yours is over there. 这是我的座位,你的在那边。我们可以说a friend of mine/ ours/ yours/ hers/ his/ theirs,但不能说a friends of me/ us/ you/ her/ him/ them。Because引导的原因状语从句because引导的原因状语从句,可以放于主句之前,也可以放于主句之后。但当从句在前时,主从句之间用“,”隔开。Because I had a cold, I didnt go to school.=I didnt go to school because I had a cold. 因为我感冒了,我没有去上学。在because引导的状语从句中,要讲究时态一致。即主句中一般过去时,because引导的从句也用一般过去时;主句用将来时,从句也要用将来时。要注意because不能和表示结果的so出现在同一个句子中,两者只能用其一。I dont like the job because its too difficult.我不喜欢那份工作,因为它太难做了。 That pair of scissors was too expensive, so I didnt buy it.=I didnt buy that pair of scissors because it was too expensive. 我没有买那把剪刀,因为它太贵了。
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