高中英语必修4Unit2知识点教案

新课标高中英语必修四知识点教案Unit 2 Working the land1. If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing? 如果没有的话，你愿意试种哪种植物？2. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day.每天八亿多人饿着睡觉。hungry adj. 做主语补足语 go hungry 挨饿He had to have a job or go hungry.他必须找到工作，否则就得挨饿。名词hunger 饥饿、饥荒”，通常是不可数名词。His grandfather died of hunger before liberation. 他爷爷解放前饿死了。hunger 作名词也可以与for/after搭配，常见的结构是have a hunger for，其中的hunger 则是可数名词。3. What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat? 如果明天突然没有米可吃了，你认为会发生什么事呢？1）该句中用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句用过去时，主句中用would/could/might/should+动词原形。2）本句型是一种复杂的特殊疑问句，其结构是：特殊疑问词+不带宾语的一般疑问句+陈述结构。从语法角度看，do you think是插入语，不是句子的主干，句子的主干应是What would happen? 因为插入语把原来的特殊疑问句一分为二，故不管疑问词在句中作什么成分特殊疑问句都要用陈述语序。在以上谈到的复杂的特殊疑问句的句型中，常见的动词除think外，还有believe，consider，suppose，imagine，guess，say和suggest等。还有能接宾语从句的形容词，如afraid， sure，glad, certain，surprised，pleased等。What time does the letter say he will start? 信中说他什么时间动身？注意：这种句型不能用Yes或No来回答，要把句型中的插入语变成“陈述句+宾语从句”的形式来回答，插入语也可后置，其前用逗号。What do you think the ocean bottom is made up of? 你认为海底是由什么组成的？I think it is made up of irregular plains.（或：It is made up of irregular plains，I think.）我认为海底是由高低不平的平原组成的。4. Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.尽管是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民，因为他在田间耕作，进行科学研究。I consider it a great honor. 我认为这是极大的荣幸。此句中work为及物动词，意为“耕种（土地）”。They are working the land together.他们一起在田间耕作。work作及物动词，还有“使工作；开动；创造（奇迹）；经营（工厂、农场等）”等意；作不及物动词，意为“工作；（机器等）开动；（办法、计划等）行得通”等。He works his employees long hours.他使他的员工长时间地工作。Do you know how to work this machine?你知道怎样开动这台机器吗？This shows that man can work wonders.这说明人类可以创造奇迹。I dont think that your suggestion will work.我认为你的建议行不通。5. , for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 过去五十年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。We should learn to struggle with difficulties.我们应该学会和困难作斗争。struggle with与斗争；和一起战斗struggle.for 为争取而斗争struggle.against与斗争；为反对而斗争struggle后面除了可以接介词外，还可以接副词与不定式。She struggled up the stairs with her heavy bags.她提着沉重的包费力地爬上楼梯。A bird was caught in the net and was struggling to get free.一只鸟被网罩住了，挣扎着想要逃脱。struggle还可以作名词，意思是“斗争；搏斗；努力；挣扎；难事”等。With a struggle，he controlled his feelings.他费力地控制住了自己的感情。6. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量成为可能。这个句子的基本结构是由“make it.to do 使做（某事）成为”构成的。it是形式宾语，possible是宾语补足语，to do是真正的宾语。有些动词后常跟这种结构，即：find/feel/think/consider/make+it+adj. /n. +不定式短语。We found it pleasant to work in this school.我们发现在这所学校里工作很愉快。7. be born into (由于)出生于Born into a poor farmers family in 1931袁博士1931年出生于一个贫苦农民家庭Born into a poor peasant family, he couldnt go to college. 由于出生在贫苦农民家庭，他没能上大学。8. graduate from毕业于Dr. Yuan graduated from Southwest Agriculture College. 袁博士毕业于西南农业大学。注：表示毕业于某专业，用in。He graduated in law from Oxford. 他毕业于牛津大学法律系。9. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 年轻时，他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需求。childrens need for milk 儿童需要牛奶The hungry children were in need of food. 这些饥饿的孩子需要食物。if need be如果需要If need be, I can come early tomorrow. 如果需要的话，明天我可早来。10. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. 当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的令人不安的问题。A light wind disturbed the surface of the pond. 微风使池塘水面泛起涟漪。Im sorry to disturb you with this question. 对不起,打扰你了,我有个问题请教。I have heard some bad news which has disturbed me very much. 我听到了一些坏消息，这使我很不安。11. searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.寻求在不增加土地面积的基础上达到增收稻谷的途径。expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述反义词：decreaseHeat expands metal.金属受热膨胀。expand on/upon 详谈；充分叙述You mentioned the need for extra funding. Would you please expand on that?你提到了增加资金的必要性，请你充分叙述一下好吗？12. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. 这增加的粮食产量意味着中国仅仅7%的耕地养活了世界上22%的人口。feed wheat to cattle(=feed cattle with wheat)用小麦喂牛feed plants with fertilizer给植物施肥13. less developed countries 欠发达国家14. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。thanks to 幸亏;由于Thanks to the efforts by the headmaster，I can go back to school now.由于校长的努力，我现在又能回学校上学了。Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning. 幸亏你，我才没淹死。rid.of 使摆脱;使解除;使去掉You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.你必须摆脱这些陈腐观念的束缚。15. Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。分词短语using his hybrid rice 作方式状语。形容词原形as.as的前面可以用倍数词（如half，a quarter，twice，three times等），意为“是的多少倍”。倍数的表达可用下面三个句型：A+be+倍数+as+adj. + as+B。Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。A+ be+倍数+比较级+than+B。Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。A+be+倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+of+B。Asia is four times the size of Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。注意：time表示倍数，一般只限于表示基数词在内的三倍或三倍以上；若表示两倍，可用副词twice或形容词double。time表示的倍数也可以用分数、百分数或某些表程度的副词替换。Our room is 60% the size of theirs.我们的房间是他们房间的60%大。16. be satisfied with 对感到满意/满足Im very satisfied with you. 我对你很满意。Im not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。Youve done well at school. Im very satisfied with you.你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。近义词组:be content with 同根词:satisfy vt. 满足;使满意; satisfaction n. 满意；满足be satisfied to do对做感到满意。He was satisfied to win the race.他对赢得赛跑感到满意。satisfying，satisfied和 satisfactory的区别:satisfying 令人满意的；使人满足的a satisfying answer（令人满意的回答）satisfied 感到满意的；满足的a satisfied smile（满意的微笑）satisfactory圆满的a satisfactory explanation（圆满的解释）17. However，he doesnt care about being famous. 但是，他对成名并不在意。care about 关心, 担心，在乎，介意Dont you care about this countrys future? 难道你不为国家前途担忧吗?I dont much care about going. 我并不很想去。18. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。would rather宁愿；宁可做某事Jane would rather stay at home than go to such parties.简宁愿待在家中也不愿参加此类晚会。1）“would rather +动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式（美国英语中多用had rather）。d rather为would（或had）rather的缩写形式。would（had）在此不是过去式，绝无“过去”之意，且无词性、时态的变化。该句式常用来表示选择的意愿，意为“宁可；宁愿；最好”。Hed rather work in the countryside.他宁可到农村去工作。2）would rather与than连用，可构成另一个惯用句式，即“would rather .than .”,意为“宁可（愿）（而）不要（愿）；与其不如”。用以表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。3）后接从句，从句谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。Id rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来，不要今天来。Id rather you hadnt done that. 我真希望你没做过那事。To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _ travel by air.A. as B. to C. than D. whileprefer to比起来，还是好; 喜欢（而不喜欢）He preferred death to dishonor.他宁死也不愿受辱。1）近义词组：like.better than2）prefer和to后跟同等的并列成分，可以跟名词、动名词或不定式。常用三种结构：prefer+n. +to+n.，I prefer English to biology.我喜欢英语而不喜欢生物。prefer doing .to doing，He prefers playing football to watching TV.他喜欢踢足球而不喜欢看电视。prefer to do. rather than do，He prefers to walk home rather than take a bus.比起乘公共汽车，他更愿意走回家。19. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.事实上，他认为一个人有了太多的钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。20. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。equip vi. & vt. 使(某人)具备条件；装备，配备(1)equip sb. for/to do sth.使某人具备做某事的条件，使某人能够做某事Your training will equip you for your future job. 你的训练使得你能够胜任将来的工作。Your education will equip you to earn a good living. 你受的教育能够使你能谋上好生计。(2)equipwith用装备He equipped his bike with a head light. 他给自行车装上了前灯。We should equip our children with a good education. 我们应让孩子应到良好的教育。21. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一般大。grain. 谷物；粮食；颗粒Farmers produce millions of tons of grain to feed the nation.农民生产千千万万吨粮食供国人食用。1）短语：a grain of 一粒， 少许；一点儿a grain of rice/wheat/corn/sand/salt 一粒米/麦/谷/沙/盐She has not a grain of humor.她一点都不幽默。2）grain作“谷物；粮食”解时，是不可数名词，如refined grain（细粮）,coarse grain（粗粮）；作“谷粒；颗粒”解时是可数名词，如：grains of sand 沙子。22. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种能养活更多的人的水稻。with /in the hope of怀着的希望I called in the hope of finding you at home. 我去看你是希望你在家的。23. Dr Yuan developed super hybrid rice to help Chinese farmers and hungry people around the world. 袁博士研发超级杂交水稻是为了帮助中国农民好世界各地挨饿的人们。develop light industry发展轻工业develop a mine开矿develop a photograph冲洗照片He is developing into a good soldier. 他在成长为一名好战士。24. Can you think of any other major development that would make a great difference to world hunger? 你能想到其他别的主要发展能对世界饥饿起重要作用么？make a difference 有影响，起(重要)作用Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause. 你的支持在我们的事业中将一定是很重要的。25. provideThey provide us with food. 他们供给我们食物。We provided food for the hungry children. 我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。He has a wife and seven children to provide for. 他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。provide against为.作好准备, 预防(灾荒, 困难)provide for提供生活费; 养活，为.作准备, 防备，规定provide with 给.提供; 以.装备26. a certain purpose 某个原因certain: 某个，某些for a certain reason为了某种理由a certain Smith某个叫史密斯的人确信的，有把握的，一定的It is certain that two and two makes four.二加二等于四是确定无疑的。We are certain of success.我们确信会成功。He is certain to come.他一定会来的。I am certain that youll succeed.我确信你会成功。27. in large amounts.大量地But people who burn these fuels often breathe in large amounts of smoke. 但是，人们谁这些燃料燃烧往往吸入大量的烟雾。28. because of 因为，由于I did not go to the cinema because of the intense cold.我因为严寒没出去看电影。29. According to the WHOs information, about 1.8 million people across the world die each year from diseases caused by unsafe food and water.按照世界卫生组织统计，全世界每年大约一千八百万人死于因不安全食物和饮水而导致的疾病。In big cities during cold winter months, many old people die from the polluted air.在大城市里，在寒冷的冬季，许多老年人死于污染的空气。30. Not having enough food leads to poor health and, therefore, sickness. 没有足够的食物引起身体不健康，所以引发疾病。Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。31. Over 56 percent of the people in a small Southeast Asian country are in jobs related to agriculture. 在东南亚的一个小国家里有56%多的人从事于农业有关的工作。No doubt her death is related to politics.她的死无疑和政治有关。32. With the open conditions in todays international business world, hybrid grains can be sold and sent abroad to countries around the world. 在当今国际事务的开发条件下,杂交谷物可以被销售到海外全世界各地的国家。They gave her a grant to study abroad for one year.他们给予她一份助学金资助她出国学习一年。33. In the past decade, some of the farmers in the west of China have met with some success in the struggle against the expanding desert. 过去的十年里，中国西部的一些农民在与沙漠扩大化的斗争中取得了成功。I hope the arrangements meet with your approval.我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。When your eyes meet with the person you like, you only smile.但当你与你喜欢的人四目交投,你只会微笑。To service the expanding markets, a new type of business was necessary. 为服务日益扩张的市场，一种新型的商业是必需的。34. Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past, 有了新的科学耕种方法，他们能够运用必过去少的耕地，He is equipped with much experience in teaching. 他具有丰富的教学经验。35. Their output of grain and other crops, however, is still the same, which makes it possible for them to use the remaining farmland for planting trees. 但是他们的谷物和其他作物的产量仍然一样，这使得他们运用剩余的耕地种树成为可能。Guests were crowded into the few remaining rooms.把客人都挤在剩余的几个房间里了。36. These and other farmers are starting to win small battles in the great war against the disturbing growth of the desert. 这些农民还有其他农民正开始在和沙漠无休止的增长的战争中赢得了一些小的胜利。They won the battle but lost the war.他们赢了这次战斗, 但输了这场战争.37. Its nice to help people in need of help. 帮助需要帮助的人令人愉快。The brickwork in this house is in need of repair.这所房子的砖造部分需要修理。38. To get rid of hunger is very important for some African countries. 对一些非洲国家来说摆脱贫困是重要的。I wish I could get rid of this cold.我希望能摆脱这场感冒。39. It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.再解释一下很重要，否则我们会使学生困惑。They asked so many questions that they confused me. 他们问了许许多多问题，把我弄糊涂了。40. He wanted to experiment with scientific methods of farming. 他想试用科学的耕种方法。experiment with 试用，用做实验Experiment with both to see which is better for your work. 用两者来实践一下看看哪种更有利于您的工作。41. He will keep trying out new ideas so he can help farmers around China. 他将继续试验新的想法来帮助中国各地的农民。We must try out the potential of market 我们必须试探一下目标市场的潜力。42. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把化肥作物防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。43. long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and even more dangerous, to peoples health.长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。44. First they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫。45. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cant just be washed off.这会影响到农作物，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入到农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。46. These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。build up积累；堵塞；树立，逐步建立；增进；锻炼47.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. 另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。48. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。The conference will focus on how to prevent the spread of AIDS throughout the world.这次会议将重点解决如何防止爱滋病在世界范围内泛滥的问题。49. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. 他们认为这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃50. every few years 每隔几年51. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil.一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失52. the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损坏环境或者人们的健康。