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中学英语语法Chapter 1 词类、句子成分和构词法一、词类（一、词类（10种）种）名词名词 形容词形容词 代词代词 数词数词 冠词冠词 动词动词 副词副词 介词介词 连词连词 感叹词感叹词 名词名词:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange 代词代词主要用来代替名词 who,she,you,it 形容词形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征.good,right 数词数词:表示数目或事物的one,two,first 动词动词：表示动作或状.am,is,are,have,see 副词副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等 now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly 冠词冠词：用在名词前,帮助说明名词 a,an,the 介词介词：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。in,on,from,above,behind 连词连词:用来连接词、短语或句子and,but,before 感叹词感叹词:表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情oh,well,hi,hello.二、句子成分（7种）主语主语:谁（名词或代词）Im Miss Green.谓语谓语:做什么（动词）He cleans the room.表语表语:怎么样（名词、代词或形容词）My name is Ping ping 宾语宾语:什么（名词或代词）He can spell the word 定语定语:修饰名词或代词 a big city 状语状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词（副词）.works hard 宾补宾补:说明宾语怎么样或干什么(形容词或动词)keep their classroom clean同位语同位语:紧跟在名词代词后面,进一步说明 Where is your classmate,Tom?CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI 名词的数名词的所有格名词的变化可数名词不可数名词普通名词专有名词名词名词：可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数单数复数复数转转变变一、英语可数名词的单复数 规则变化在单数名词词尾加ss,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。不规则变化manmen,womanwomen,sheepsheep 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词a bag of ricetwo bags of rice,a piece of paperthree pieces of paper Practice:There are many (bus)and (car)on the street.I have two (watch),so I give a (watch)to my sister.Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought some （dish）carsbuseswatcheswatchdishes练习：写出下列单词的单数或复数形式friendcattreessquestionsskeystoysphotostomatoespotatoesleaf/leaveszoosradiosholidaysbaby/babiescity/citiesroofsbusesboxes二、名词所有格 表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s：Childerns Day(儿童节儿童节)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加Teachers Day(教师节教师节)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加sChinas population(中国的人口中国的人口).无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿党的好女儿).单复数同形:英语中，有些名词的单数与复数同行:例：people、Chinese、Japanese、fish、deer（鹿）、sheep（绵羊）e.g:There are many fish in the river.We have a fish for lunch.记住以下10个要把f或者fe改成v加es的单词：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)。重点但roof-roofs(屋顶)是例外！辨认下列哪些是名词，哪些不是名词：computer，take coffee，water，run.notebook.bring,table,sport interesting,Monday age new actor sell 根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of .(glass)5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonths8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some .(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)LucysminutesvegetablestomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknives代词代词人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 指示代词指示代词 关系代词关系代词 疑问代词疑问代词 连接代词连接代词 不定代词不定代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词相互代词相互代词疑问代词疑问代词关系代词关系代词不定代词不定代词一一.概念概念二、分类二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格 me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性性 my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n性性 mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfthis,that,these,those,each other,one another who,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,as代词是代替名词的一种词类。代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替用来代替上文中提到过上文中提到过的人或物。的人或物。大多数代词具有大多数代词具有名词名词和和形容词形容词的功能。的功能。sth;sb;both;all;no;another,others 一一.人称代词人称代词第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称 人称人称格格数数单数单数复数复数 主格主格 宾格宾格 主格主格 宾格宾格Iyouhesheitmeyou him her itweyoutheyusyouthem主格、宾格、所有格讲解主格、宾格、所有格讲解 1、人称代词主格人称代词主格：在句子开头作主语，表示谁怎：在句子开头作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。么样了、干什么了。例:1)I am a teacher.2)You are student.He is a student,too.3)We/You/They are students.2、人称代词宾格人称代词宾格：在动词或介词后作宾语，表示：在动词或介词后作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。动作行为的对象。例：1）Give it to me.2)Lets go(lets=let us)3.物主代词所有格物主代词所有格:用在名词前，表示是谁的东西用在名词前，表示是谁的东西 例例:1)This is my book.2)We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国二二.物主代词物主代词人称人称分分类类 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数复数复数形形容容词词性性 名名词词性性 my my ourouryour your your your his his her her its its their their mine mine ourours s youryours s youryours s his his herhers s its its theirtheirs s 5.Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom.(we)6.Are these _ tickets?No,_are not _._arent here.(they)7.I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are _.(it)theytheirourwetheirsTheirsitsits1 1、单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先、单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先.一一.人称代词人称代词1.我、你、他、都我、你、他、都18岁。岁。_2.你们、我们、他们都来自中国。你们、我们、他们都来自中国。_.You,he and I are 18.We,you and they are from China2 2、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not not 后多用宾格后多用宾格.I like English._ too.A.I B.He C.Me1.Who broke the window?Not _.A.I B.he C.her2.Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her.A.me and you B.you and I C.you and me3.Who taught _ English last term?A.them B.their C.they1Is this _ book?AYou BI Cshe Dyour2Its a bird._ name is Polly.AItsBIts CHisDIt3Whats that?_ a jeep.AitsBIts CItsDits4Whats that in English?_.AIts eggBThats egg CIts a eggDIts an egg练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)2.The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)3._ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _?(you)4._ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he)mymineherhersHeHisOurhisyours一、选出括号中正确的词，一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。在正确的词上打勾。1.This is（my/I）mother.2.Nice to meet（your/you）.3.（He/His）name is Mark.4.Whats（she/her）name?5.Excuse（me/my/I）.Exercises：正确的代词形式填空。正确的代词形式填空。1._ am Peter._ mom is a teacher.(my)2._ is a tall boy._ name is Jim.(He)3.That isnt a cat._(It/They)is a dog.4._ are from Britain.Whats _ name?(you).5._ is new.Whats _ name?(her)6._ are students.(you)IMy HeHisItYou yourShe herThey 1.这是这是你的你的狗。这只狗是狗。这只狗是你的你的。2.这是这是她的她的汉堡包。这个汉堡包是汉堡包。这个汉堡包是她的她的。3.这是这是他的他的猫。这只猫是猫。这只猫是他的他的。4.这些是这些是我们的我们的香蕉。这些香蕉是香蕉。这些香蕉是我们的。我们的。5.这是这是他们的他们的汽车。这辆汽车是汽车。这辆汽车是他们的他们的。This is her hamburger.This hamburger is hers.This is your dog.This dog is yours.This is his cat.This cat is his.These are our bananas.These bananas are ours.This is their car.This car is theirs.练习二、单项选择。练习二、单项选择。()1.My uncle gave a new bike to _.A.theirs B.they C.me D.I()2.This is a photo of _family.May I have one of _?A.yours;my B.my;yours C.your;my D.yours;mine()3.Heres a postcard for you,Jim!Oh,_is from Mary.A.he B.it C.she D.its BBC4、Give _（她）a toy,please.5、_(你们的)eyes are black._（你们）come from Japan.6、Tim and Bill are twins._（他们）are from England.Show _（他们）around _(我们的)school.herYourYouTheythemour三三.反身代词反身代词 人称人称分类分类第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称单单 数数 复复数数myself ourselves yourself yourselveshimselfthemselvesherself itself 1.The man is rich,he can buy _ a lot of things.A.he B.his C.himself2.-What a lovely card!Where did you buy it?-I made it by _.A.me B.myself C.itself3.“Help _ to some chicken,”my mother said to the guests.A.yourself B.yourselves C.your few/a few&little/a little 当前面由当前面由only 修饰，常用修饰，常用 a few 或或a little.a little 可表示可表示“有点，稍微有点，稍微”肯定否定可数a fewfew不可数a littlelittle1.Although all the girls have tried their best,only _ pass the exam.A.few B.a few C.a little2.Dont worry.There is _ time left.A.little B.a little C.few3.You are so great!_ people in the school can do it.A.A little B.Little C.Few不定代词的使用原则 some和 any 的用法 no和none的用法 all和both的用法 every和each用法 either和neither的用法 other、the other和another的用法 many和much的用法 few、little、a few、a little的用法四、指示代词四、指示代词this/that/these/those单数单数复数复数用法用法1用法用法2thisthese近指近指指下文将要提及的事指下文将要提及的事thatthose远指远指指前面刚提过的事指前面刚提过的事【辨析辨析】one,it,that it 常用来特指上下文提到的常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物同类事物，用来指可数名词，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子一份子，用于代替可数名词，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词名词，以避免重复。，以避免重复。The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.四四.指示代词指示代词 The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan.A.that B.this C.it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao.A.that B.these C.those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight.A.it B.this C.that数词复习数词复习基数词的构成基数词的构成1）112,独立成词。独立成词。one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve2）13-19,由由39+teen构成。构成。14fourteen 16-sixteen 17-seventeen 19nineteen 特殊拼写特殊拼写:13 thirteen 15-fifteen 18eighteen 3）2090,以以-ty结尾。结尾。20twenty 30-thirty 40forty 50fifty 80-eighty 60-sixty 70-seventy 90ninety 4）2199，两位数，十位与个位之间有两位数，十位与个位之间有“”。21 twentyone 55 fiftyfive 99 ninetynine5）101999，三位数，百位与十位，三位数，百位与十位/个位之间加个位之间加and。101 one hundred and one 840 eight hundred and forty 693 six hundred and ninety-three 144050151770901918806016序数词的构成序数词的构成1)13,first,second,third。2)419,相应基数词相应基数词+th,特殊拼写特殊拼写:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。3)2090,y变成变成ie+th,如如twentieth。4)2199,只把个位的基数词变成序数词只把个位的基数词变成序数词 如如twenty-first。5)序数词缩写序数词缩写-数字最后两字母数字最后两字母 如如1st,2nd,3rd,4th5.The _ question is much more difficult than this one.A.sixthB.sixC.sixteenD.sixty51.There are _ months in a year.A.twelveB.twelfC.twelvethD.twelfth1.hundred thousand (表示具体数字表示具体数字)million billion2.hundreds thousands (表示概数表示概数)millions billions三三.基数词的用法基数词的用法数词数词(several)+)+ofsome/many hundreds of1.If a=3,b=4,whats the answer to the problem,a+2ab+1=?the answer is_.A.twenty eight B.twenty-eighth C.twenty-eight2.In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet.A.hunderd of B.hunderds of C.hundred3.Many _ sheep were killed in the accident.A.thousands of B.thousand C.thousands4.There are over nine _ workers in the factory,but _ of young people hope to work in it.A.hundred;hundreds B.hundreds;hundreds C.hundreds;hundred时间类型时间类型表示法表示法例例读法读法整点整点基数词（基数词（+oclock)1:0030分钟分钟分钟分钟+past+小时小时 2:10=30 分钟分钟half+past+小时小时3:3030分钟分钟（60-分钟）分钟）+to+（小时（小时+1）4:40分钟逢分钟逢15即即 一刻钟一刻钟a quarter5:156:45简化法简化法按顺序读基数词按顺序读基数词7:50one oclockten past twohalf past threetwenty to fivea quarter past fivea quarter to sevenseven fifty表示在几点钟用介词表示在几点钟用介词 atat四四.数词的表示法数词的表示法 时间时间1.Its already 7:40 now.When will the film start?_.We still have five minutes.A.A quarter to seven B.Seven past forty-five C.A quarter to eight(1)序数词作定语，前面要加序数词作定语，前面要加the；The first truck is carrying a food basket John lives on the fifteenth floor She is my first English teacher.(2)有时加有时加a/an，“再一再一”，“又一又一”的意思的意思Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speakThey had a second child in 1988序数词的用法序数词的用法1.In figures(数字数字),a million is _.A.10,000B.100,000C.1,000,000D.100,000,0001 15 5分子分子 基数词基数词分母分母 序数词序数词one fifthone fifth2 27 7分子分子 1 1分母分母 +s+stwo seventhtwo sevenths s1 14 4分子分子 a a分母分母 quarterquartera quartera quarter3 34 4three quarterthree quarters s1 12 2a halfa half1 13 3threethree andand one third one third3 3基数词基数词 +and+and+分数分数四四.数词的表示法数词的表示法 分数百分数分数百分数1/21/31/424/25 3/43three fourths/three quartersone third/a thirdtwenty-four twenty-fifthsthree and six sevenths one quarter/a quarter/one fourtha halfCan you read a fraction?1.The accident happened on_.A.April 5,2001 B.2001,April 5 C.April 2001,52.I was born _.A.in March 8,1993 B.on July 9,1994 C.on May,1995 冠词冠词不定冠词：不定冠词：a、an 定冠词：定冠词：the零冠词：不用冠词零冠词：不用冠词不定冠词:表示名词不特定者定冠词:表示名词为特定者特指:特指是指在上文已提到的特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物人或事物泛指:是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。物。不定冠词不定冠词a、an1、泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。、泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。如：如：An elephant is much heavier than a horse.His father is a taxi driver.2、用于序数词前，表示、用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一又一，再一”。I have read the books twice,but I want to read a third time.3、a/an 的区别的区别 a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。特殊词：特殊词：a usual boy;a useful book;a university;a one leg dog an honest boy;an hour;an honor an“a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x”Exercise1.I have _ apple.He has _orange.2.This is _ egg.3.Jim is _ honest boy and he is _ university student.4.Do you have _ computer?5.There is _ car in front of the house.6.English is _ useful language.7.He is _ unhappy boy.8.My father will come back in _ hour.9.There is _ beautiful flower.10.There is _“u”and _ “s”in the word“use”11.Please take _ seat and have _ rest an ananan aaaaananaa an a a 定冠词定冠词 the的用法的用法 1.第二次提到第二次提到 This is an apple.The apple is mine.2.特指特指 The boy in red is my brother.3.用在独一无二的名词前用在独一无二的名词前 地球地球 the sun 太阳太阳/the moon 月亮月亮/the earth4.用在最高级前用在最高级前 the youngest /the most beautiful 5.用在序数词前用在序数词前 the first /the second/the third/the fourth6.用在西洋乐器前用在西洋乐器前 play the piano/the guitar 7.The+姓的复数姓的复数 表示一家人表示一家人 The Smiths /the Greens smith 一家一家 /格林一家格林一家8.用在方位名词前用在方位名词前 或习惯用法或习惯用法 in the south /on the right/in the day/in the end1._ earth goes round _ sun.2.Jim is _ tallest and _ most interesting 3._man over there is my teacher.4.There is _ orange on the table._ orange is mine.5.I live on _ twelfth floor.6._ Great Wall is _oldest building.7.I have _aunt._ aunt is _ doctor.8.In this exam,he is _ second.9.Jim is _ boy.He is _ American boy.10._Yellow River is one of _ longest rivers.11.Beijing is in _ north of ChinaThe thethe theThe anthethe The thean the athea anThe the the三三:零冠词的几种情况零冠词的几种情况:1.不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指Horses are useful animals.2.季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠词。（除了特指某年的季节等）on Sunday;have lunch;on the spring of 2009 3.球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。play football;play chess I like studying English。4.称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。Doctor,I am not feeling well.5.中国乐器前不加冠词。play erhu;play piba 6.在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car;by train .冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划。1There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4 _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8 _ sun rises in _ east 9 _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time？11Washington is _ capital of _ USAaantheaanAnaThetheaaTheTheatheTheThethe/athethe7、固定搭配固定搭配 at first at last at noon at home 首先首先 最后最后 在中午在中午 在家在家 on foot in bed in hospital go to school 步行步行 躺在床上躺在床上 住院住院 上学上学1.Do you like playing _ soccer?2.I usually have _ milk for _breakfast 3.We will go to the park on _ Monday.4.My uncle lives in _America now.5.Leaves turn yellow in _ autumn.6.We can go swimming on _Sunday in _summer.7.March 8th is _ Womens Day.8.His father is ill in _ hospital./1.This is _ orange,_ orange is orange2.English is _useful language.3.My brother is _usual boy but _ honest boy.4.He is holding _umbrella.5._man in red is his father.Hes at _dinner6.Who is _ strongest and _ most friendly?7._girl over there is _ university student.8.I have _ cat._ cats name is Mimi.9.Monday is _ second day of a week.10 _ sun is bigger than_ moon11.I like playing _ basketball and _ piano.12.He was born in _ May.13.I saw _ old man pass by and _old man looked sad.an the a a an anThe /the the The a a The the The the /the /an the一.形容词的用法二.副词的用法三.形容词、副词比较等级用以修饰名词，表示事物的用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征特征的词。的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.在句中作在句中作定语定语、表语表语、宾语宾语补足语补足语等成分等成分用法例 句补充说明作定语This is an interesting bookI have nothing important to tell you形容词作定语时放在被修饰词之前，修饰不定代词放在后面作表语The work is difficultShe looks happy today作表语与系动词连用作宾补Please keep the room clean I find it very beautiful1 1、形容词的用法、形容词的用法1.Many local people in Leshan prefer to go to _ in Mount Emei for their summer holiday.A.somewhere coldB.cold somewhereC.somewhere coolD.cool somewhere2.Can you tell me _ about your friends?A.something differentB.different anythingC.different something3.I have _ to do today.A.anything importantB.something importantC.important nothingD.important something一、形容词的用法1、形容词+名词2、连系动词(be,look,feel,taste,sound,smell,get,turn等)+形容词a beautiful girlYour mother looks happy today.3、something，anything等不定代词 +形容词I cant see_(其他的东西)anything else4、the+形容词（表示一类人或物）The rich should help the poor 构成方法构成方法 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er 或或 -est以字母以字母e结尾的，结尾的，加加 -r 或或 -st以重读闭音节结尾，以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音且末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这一字母，要先双写这一字母，再加字母，再加-er 或或 -est以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先把结尾的，先把 y 变成变成 i，再加，再加-er 或或 -est单单音音节节词词和和部部分分双双音音节节词词双双音音节节词词和和多多音音节节词词在形容词、在形容词、副词前加副词前加more 或或 most。tall,long,taller,longertallest,longestnice,latenicer,laternicest,latestbig,thinbigger,thinnerbiggest,thinnesthappyheavyhappierheavierhappiestheaviestbeautifulcarefulexpensiveinterestingdangerousmore beautifulmore carefulmore expensivemore interestingmore dangerousGrammarmost beautifulmost carefulmost expensivemost interestingmost dangerous3、形容词，副词比较等级的用法、形容词，副词比较等级的用法句句 型型1、as+原级原级+as2、not+so/as+原级原级+as例例 句句She is as kind as her mother Lucy didnt do it so/as well as you 比较级比较级+thanHe is taller than lilei The weather is getting hotter and hotterthe+最高级最高级+of/inShe is the tallest one in her class25.Damel plays chess _,if not better than,David.A.as wellB.as well asC.so wellD.not well as词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较比较级级最高最高级级单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级比较级)或或-est(最高级最高级)以字母以字母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为结尾的词变为i再加再加-er,或或-esthappy dry early narrow clever 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加加more 和和most difficult popular slowlytaller harder larger wider tallest hardest largest widestbigger hotter fatter wetterbiggest hottest fattest wettest happier drier earlierhappiest driest earliestnarrower cleverernarrowest cleverestmore difficult more popularmore slowly most difficult most popularmost slowly少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词可加词可加-er或或-est52.English is one of _ imporant subjects in our school.A.mostB.the mostC.moreD.much more54.Of all the ball games,I like baseball _.its really my favorite.A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best 二、不规则变化：（需记忆）二、不规则变化：（需记忆）原原 形形 比比 较较 级级 最最 高高 级级good wellbadillmanymuchlittleoldfarbetter worsemorelessolderelderfartherfurtherbest worstmostleastoldesteldestfarthestfurthestGrammar28.Some people think that CD-ROMs will soon be _ books.A.as more popular thanB.the most popular thanC.so popular asD.more popular than29.Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank.She does her homework _.A.more carefullyB.more carelesslyC.more carefulD.more careless句型转换：句型转换：1.Tom is tall.Jim is short.(比较级合并比较级合并)Tom is _ _ Jim.2.My hair is long.Marys hair is longer.(合并成一句合并成一句)Marys hair _ _ _ mine.3.Pedro is thinner than Sam.(改为同义句改为同义句)Sam is _ _ Pedro.4.My sister is better at study than me.She is clever.(改为同义句改为同义句)My sister is _ intellectual(聪明的聪明的)than me at study.5.Peter is funny.Paul is funny,too.(合并成一句合并成一句)Peter is _ funny _ Paul.tallerthanislongerthan fatter/heavierthanmoreasas用来修饰动词、形容词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或其它副词、全句或 名词词组及句子的词。名词词组及句子的词。e.g.very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.1.副词的作用副词的作用:用来修饰动词用来修饰动词.形容词形容词.其它副词其它副词.全句或全句或 名词词组及句子名词词组及句子用 法例 句作表语My mother is out 作定语The girl there is my friend 作状语He runs fast 作宾补I found him outside二、副词二、副词用法1、动词+副词 动词后如有宾语，副词放在宾语后面 She speaks English _.(well,good)2、quite a+形容词+名词a+very/rather+形容词+名词一个相当不错的女孩quite a good girla very/rather good girl副词的分类 时间副词 yesterday,then,later,just,soon,first,finally,never,seldom,often 地点副词 here,there,home,anywhere,everywhere,somewhere,above,down,back 方式副词 carefully,clearly,easily 程度副词 very,quite,rather 疑问副词 when,how,why 连接副词 however 句子副词 certainly,generally,surely三、形容词变副词1、一般加-lycareful-slow-carefullyslowly2、辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i再加-lyhappy-heavy-happilyheavily3、-ly结尾，但为形容词的词lovely,lively,lonely,friendlyMore practice3()1.Does he speak English _ his father?A.as good as B.as well as C.best than D.as better as()2.Peter is _ than his uncle.A.more fatter B.fatter C.fat D.very fat()3.Tom is _ than I.A.older five years B.five years older C.five years elder D.oldest by five years()4.This maths problem is _ that one.A.not so easy as B.more easy than C.as easier as D.easy than()5.The Summer Palace is _ than all the other parks in Beijing and it is _ park in Beijing.A.beautiful,beautiful B.more beautiful,more beautifulC.most beautiful,the most beautiful D.more beautiful,the most beautifulBBBAD一一.表示时间介词表示时间介词三三.表示方位介词表示方位介词二二.表示地点介词表示地点介词四四.表示方法、手段表示方法、手段五五.常见介词的搭配常见介词的搭配 1.Look me.()2.He goes to school bike.()3.He is interested drawing.()4.The book is the desk.():通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与 另一个之间的_。关系关系 1.at the cinema,in the hospital _ 2.Write with a pen,go by bus _ 3.in summer,on Septemper 1st _ 4.by the way,at last,in the end _地点介词地点介词方式介词方式介词时间介词时间介词固定搭配固定搭配一一.时间介词时间介词1.in年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）on 具体某一天，星期、节日具体某一天，星期、节日at 钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点注意：at noon 在中午在中午 at night 在夜间在夜间 in the morni
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