Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇

Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，然后回答以下问题。What was the chance in a million? We are less credulous than we used to be. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences - most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the heros mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the heros downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solution totally unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible. When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stooped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman commented on the workmans close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother. Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs. Busssman fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman. Needless to say, the mans name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franzs long-lost brother. When the brothers were reunited, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive. After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit. The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. Meanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.New words and expressions 生词和短语 credulousadj. 轻信的 improbableadj. 不大可能的 obscureadj. 不起眼的 maidservantn. 女仆，女佣 presumev. 假定 wickedlyadv. 心眼坏地，居心叵测地 plotv. 密谋 downfalln. 倒台，垮台 naiveadj. 天真的 unacceptableadj. 不能接受的 conspirev. （事件）巧合促成 incredibleadj. 难以置信的 scornn. 嘲弄，挖苦 acquaintv. 使了解 reunitev. 使团聚 assumev. 假定，认为参考译文 我们不再像以往那样轻易相信别人了。在19世纪，小说家常在小说结尾处给读者准备一系列的巧合大部分是牵强附会，极不可能的。当时的读者却愉快地接受这样一些事实，一个低贱的女佣实际上是主人公的母亲；主人公一位长期失散的兄弟，大家都以为死了，实际上一直活着，并且正在策划暗算主人公；如此等等，现代读者会觉得这种天真的结局完全无法接受。不过，在现实生活中，有时确实会出现一些巧合，这些巧合除了19世纪小说家外谁也不会相信。 当我是个孩子的时候，我祖父给我讲了一位德国出租汽车司机弗朗兹。巴斯曼如何找到了据信已在20年前死去的兄弟的事。一次，他与妻子徒步旅行。途中，停下来与一个工人交谈，接着他们继续往前走去。巴斯曼夫人说那工人与她丈夫相貌很像，甚至猜测他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。弗朗兹对此不屑一顾，指出他兄弟已经在战争中阵亡了。尽管巴斯曼夫人熟知这个情况，但她仍然认为自己的想法仍有百万分之一的可能性。几天后，她派了一个男孩去问那人是否叫汉斯.巴斯曼。不出巴斯曼夫人所料，那人的名字真是汉斯.巴斯曼，他确实是弗朗兹失散多年的兄弟。兄弟俩团聚之时，汉斯说明了他活下来的经过，战争即将结束时，他负伤被送进医院，并与部队失去联系。医院遭到轰炸，汉斯步行回到了西德。与此同时，他所在部队被击溃，他的所有档案材料全部毁于战火。汉斯重返故里，但他的家已被炸毁，左邻右舍谁也不知原住户的下落，汉斯以为全家人都在空袭中遇难，于是便在距此50英里外的一座村子里定居下来，直至当日。New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里credulous adj.轻信的improbable adj.不大可能的obscure adj.不起眼的maidservant n.女仆，女佣presume v.假定wickedly adv.心眼坏地，居心叵测地plot v.密谋downfall n.倒台，垮台nave adj.天真的unacceptable adj.不能接受的conspire v.(事件)巧合促成incredible adj.难以置信的resemblance n.相似scorn n.嘲弄，挖苦acquaint v.使了解reunite v.使团聚assume v.假定，认为credulous adj.轻信的 (多修饰人)区分 credible:可信的,可靠的,多修饰事物 eg. The story he told us is credible. incredulous / incredible 反义词believable以已知事实为根据 eg. He demanded for believable explanation. (反)unbelievableimprobable adj.不大可能的 obscure adj.1)不起眼的，不出名的 eg. The bus stopped at an obscure little town.2)令人费解的 not clearly An obscure figure can be seen through the fog. 模糊不清的通过大雾我们可以看到模糊不清的身影.vague:多用于比喻意,指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清 eg. what he said is vague.maidservant n.妇女仆,女佣presume v.假定 take sth. as true 经常用的表达方式presume that根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断 assume 与事实不相符合 eg. Let us assume that your words are fact.suppose 最普通的用词猜想陈述自己的看法 I suppose that it was my fault.wickedly adv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地plot v.密谋 一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人. eg. The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.conspire 众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当 犹指反叛scheme 某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利 eg. The man is scheming for power.图谋夺权.本文中conspire指事件巧合促成 eg. The weather and car trouble conspire to spoil our vacation.downfall n.倒台,垮台naive adj.天真的unacceptable adj.不能接受的conspireincredibleresemblance n.相似的like ness bear a strong resemblance to sb. or sth. have a close resemblance to sb. or sth.eg. The girl bears a strong resemblance to her sister.such a resemblanceresemblelikeness最普通的用语,比resemblance意味要强resemblance 特别是指外观或外在性质的相似similarity 性质物色程度的相似similar to sth. sb.scorn n.嘲弄,挖苦 短语 pour scorn on pour contempt on pour ridicule onpour heap eg. He poured scorn on his wifes suggestion.look down upon 瞧不起，蔑视辨析： think scorn ofcontempt:蔑视,强烈谴责某人或某事低贱卑鄙,语气强于scorndespite 语气较弱,表示嘲弄 His suggestion was dismissed with scorn.His face showed the scorn/despite he felt.acquaint v.使了解 be acquainted with sth. eg. I have been acquainted with the secret.acquaint sb. with sth. acquaint sb. of sth.make a person acquainted with sb :介绍某人同另一个人认识Let me make. acquainted with you.acquaintance 熟人reunite n使团聚assume v.假定,认为Text 课文a chance in a million one chance in a thousand可能性小eg. It is a chance in a million to meet you here.在这儿见到你可真是不容易呀-He let out a scream that must can be heard in Peru.典型的夸张,目的是加强语气We are less credulous than we used to be.这是明显现在与过去的对比 eg. We are less credulous than we used to be. 我们不再像以前那样轻信于人了。are 表示现在的情况 / used to be 过去的情况eg. We are not so honest as we used to be.我们不像过去那么诚实了.谓语动词是be动词的时候用used to be,而不用used to 谓语动词是使役动词的时候用used toeg. He works less hard than he used to.In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion be presenting his readers with a series of coincidences most of them wildly improbable.19世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束.破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。Them 指一系列的巧合 而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机率是极小的bring sth. to a conclusion 结束 eg. They decided to bring the meeting to a conclusion.bring sth. to a close (比较正式的) eg. It was .who brought meeting to a close.present sb. with sth. 给某人提供present sth. to sb. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maid-servant was really the heros mother. Along-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the heros downfall.wickedly plotting to -居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下台来bring about:产生,引起 eg. Modern science has brought about great changes in life.And so on. Modern readers would find such nave solutions totally unacceptable.现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾find such naive solutions totally unacceptable 觉得这种解决办法很天真不能够被接受find sth. interesting 觉得什么有意思find sb. beautiful 觉得某人漂亮Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible. *牢记此句do加强语气,reallyA German taxi-driver, Franz Bussman , recently found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before.who was thought. who 所引导的定语从句修饰brotherWhile on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on , Mrs. Bussman commented on the workmans close resemblance to here husband and even suggested that he might be his brother.he was on a walking tour.省略了hecomment on sth 就.作出评论评价-remark onBussman夫人对工人作出评价说长得和他的兄弟很像，甚至暗示说就是他的兄弟eg:I cant explain how it is that he is still here.be separated from make ones wayFranz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs. Bussman was fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. .她认为有百万分一的机会证明她所说的是正确的.A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman. Needless to say , the mans name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franzs long-lost brother. When the brothers were re-united, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.explained how it was.汉斯解释说他依旧活着是怎么一回事。After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit. The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot.Make ones way力尽艰辛.Meanwhile , his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air-raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since. all records of him had been destroyed.他所有的资料都被毁掉了become of :happen to :发生遭遇不幸的事件,多用于疑问句,主语必须是what或whatever eg. Whatever became of that girl?Please explain what became of you yesterday.用assuming,而不用presuming:主观上的臆断无事实根据的Multiple choice questions 多项选择1、 What would a modern reader find totally unacceptable in a novel today?答案dHaving for a hero a man once presumed dead.根据课文内容知道现在的读者是不能接受一些巧合的事件2、 When Mrs. Bussman suggested that the workman might be Franzs brother答案cFranz was so sure his brother was dead he did not take her seriously.3、 What did Hans Bussman do immediately after the war was over?答案cHe inquired after his familys where abouts but found no trace of them.背熟(打探某人的情况,但是没有发现任何踪迹)4、 -his readers with a series of coincidenceswildly improbable.(lines 3-6)答案bwhich would be most5、 A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, had not in fact died andto bring about the heros downfall.(lines 8-12)答案dhad been wickedly plotting.6、 He stopped(line 25)答案ain order to talk to a workman7、 She sent a boy to ask the workman(lines 25-26)答案bwhat he was called8、 Meanwhile his unit was lost and had been destroyed. (lines 31-32)答案bevery record of his (他所有的记录都被毁掉了)9、 -who was thought to have been killed twenty years(lines 18-19)答案dpreviously previously: before 同义 完成时的标志10、Mrs Bussman told her husband that he and the workman(lines 20-21)答案clooked very alikelook表示人的外貌长相应该采用复数形式look alike 看起来像10、 -there was the chance she might be right.(lines 24-25)答案aremotestremote 既表示遥远偏僻的,也表示微弱的,特别用来修饰chance 11、 -how it had that he was still alive. (lines 28-29) *答案dcome aboutcome about: happen多用于疑问句,尤其是How does it come about that?结构中补充：一、词组标题：a chance in a million one chance in a thousand可能性小less credulous not so gullible 不怎么轻信于人(殆无可能)we used to be we were 像我们往常那样bringto a conclusion:bring to an end to a close 把告一结束presenting(sb.) with offering (sb.) with 给（人）以a series of a train of 一系列wildly improbable extremely absurd 荒诞不经，十分荒唐was presumed was supposed 人们以为all the time all the while 一直plotting to conspiring to 图谋bring about (ones ) downfall=bring about(ones) failure 把（人）搞垮，叫别人日子不好过and so on and so forth,等等，诸如此类的事conspire to bring about conspire towards不期而然地发生，导致许多事凑在一起，引起了，合力促成was thought to have 原来人们认为已经was believed to haveon a walking tour 徒步旅行 on a walking excursionstopped to talk to 停下来然后向讲话=stopped walking and talked to commented on made observations on 置评，评论close resemblance to great likeness to 酷像poured scorn on scoffed at 嘲笑pointing out that indication clearly that明白指出，说道killed in action fallen in battle阵亡was acquainted with 熟知，熟悉 was familiar withneedless to say 不用说 it goes without saying , it is a matter of coursehow it was that 怎么会怎么搞的=how(跟主语) came 或how it came that(be) wounded be injured 受伤was separated from 隔绝，失去联系 was out of touch with, lost touch (contact) withmade his way back into=went his way back into/to 返回on foot by walking 步行family home old home, home town 老家in the neighbourhood 在街坊邻里 in the residential districtwhat had become of 变为什么样子，变成什么样的一种现状（命运，结果）= what had happened to (或befallen)assuming that presuming that 料想settled down 定居 established ones residenceever since 打那以后 the whole period from some specified time.二、关于conspire to (有一种这样的含意：许多事，情况或人凑在一起造成了) 后接V1) Events conspire to bring about great difficulties for government2) They conspire to bring about the meeting of the two people.3) They conspire to make it a success.4) The bad weather conspired with a dirty hotel to make my holiday a resounding failure.三、表达法对比a) Hans explained how it was that he was still alive. how things happened that he was still alive. the whole story of his being still alive.b) conspire to bring about 可写成 conspire towards(合力促成) conspire against(凑在一起反对)例：一切事情都和我作对All things conspire against me.一切因素都促成那种结果。All things conspire towards that result.c) a例所示 how it was,是说“原委”，“事情之究竟”。所以我们说“原来是这样”，就可写成So thats how it is.