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第三章习题解答第 6 页共 6页第三章习题解答H2O(g)poH2O(l)poDGDG3DG2DG1H2O(g)3166 PaH2O(l)3166 PaT=298K1. 先求H2O(g)H2O(l)的相变热:DG2=0DG3=Vl(po-3166)DG=DG1+DG2+DG3=8557 JDrGom(l)= DrGom(g)+DG=228.578.557 =237.13 kJ2.反应C(s)+2H2(g)=CH4(g)DrGom=19290 Jmol-1摩尔分数0.80.1(1) T=1000K时,QopKop反应不会正向进行。(2) 设压力为p,当时,即p1.59po时,反应才能进行。3. SO2Cl2(g) + SO2(g) Cl2(g)反应前压力(kPa)44.78647.836平衡时压力(kPa)x44.786-x47.836-xp总=x+(44.786-x)+( 47.836-x)=86.096 kPax=6.526 kPa4.H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)开始(mol)7.94 5.3平衡(mol) xDn=0 x=9.478 mol(另一根x=19.30舍去)5.A(g) + B(g) AB(g)开始(mol)1 1平衡(mol)1-0.41-0.40.4n总=1.6 molp=0.06206po=6206 Pa6.A(g) B(g)平衡压力10popoDrGom=RTlnKop=5708 JDrGm(1)= DrGomRTlnQop(1)反应不会自发进行。DrGm(2)= DrGomRTlnQop(2)反应自发进行。7.N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)开始(mol)1 3平衡(mol)xn总=4-x(1) 当总压p=10 po, a=3.85%时,x=0.1483mol , 代入上式得 Kop=1.64104(2) 当 a=5%时,x=0.1905mol,Kx=0.02911p=13.323 po =1332 kPaCH3OH(l)poCH3OH(g)poDGDG3DG2DG1CH3OH(l)16343PaCH3OH(g)16343PaT=298K8.DG2=0DG总4490 JDG总=DfG om(g) -DfGom(l)即4.49=161.96 -DfGom(l)DfGom(l)=166.45 kJmol-19. 先计算丁二酸(m=1 molkg)的DfGom:DfGom(m=1)= DfGom(s)+DG1+DG2=748099+0+=747268 Jmol-1一级电离C4H6O4(m=1)C4H5O4-(m=1) + H+(m=1)DfGom(kJmol-1)747.268723.0370DrGom=24.23 kJmol-110.NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g)平衡(kPa)(1) 原有H2S,平衡p39.99+p解得 p=18.87 kPap总=2p+39.99=77.73 kPa(2) 形成固体的条件:QpKop 设H2S(g)的压力为pp166.6 kPa11.A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g)(1) 平衡时(mol)1/31/32/32/3(2) 设C为x mol1-x2-xxx(3) 设生成C为x mol1-x1-x0.5+xx(4) 设C减少x molxx1-x2-x由(1)Dn=0由(2)3x2-12x+8=0x=0.845 mol由(3)3x2-8.5x+4=0x=0.596molC总量=1.096 mol由(4)3x2+3x-2=0x=0.457 molC的量=1-x=0.543 mol12.设开始为1 mol,解离度为 aPCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)平衡时(mol)1-a a an总=1+a当a=0.5,n总=1.5 mol,p=po时,代入上式,可得平衡常数 (1) 降低总压p,使体积增加1倍,计算 a 的改变:可得压力 ,代入:得 a =0.618解离度增加(2) 通入N2,使体积增加1倍,p=po,计算 a 的改变:可得气体摩尔 n总=n2=3 mol得 a =0.618 解离度增加(3) 通入N2,使压力p增加1倍,V1=V2,计算 a 的改变:可得气体摩尔 n总=n2=3 mol得 a =0.50 解离度不变(4) 通入Cl2,使压力p增加1倍,计算 a 的改变:如(3)计算n总=3 mol,设Cl2的加入量x mol,计算Cl2总量:PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)1-a a a+xn总=1+a+x=3nCl2=a+x=2 mol得 a =0.20 解离度减少13.(1) DrGom=RTlnKop=Jmol1 kJmol1 Jk1mol1(2) T=573K时,I2 + 环戊烯 2HI + 环戊二烯开始0.5po0.5po平衡pp2(0.5po-p)(0.5po-p)解此三次方程,p=34.50 kPa(3) 同理,起始压力为10po时, 解得p=418.20 kPa14先计算反应前:,(1) 610K时,xH2O=0.02nH2O=0.49290.02=0.009859 molCO2(g) + H2S(g) COS(g) + H2O(g)平衡时(mol)0.09014 0.3830 0.009859 0.009859Dn=0(2) DrGom(610K)=RTlnKop=29.78 kJmol1(3) 620K时,xH2O=0.03nH2O=0.49290.03=0.01479 molCO2(g)+ H2S(g) COS(g) + H2O(g)平衡时(mol)0.08521 0.3781 0.014790.01479Dn=0解得DrHom=276.9 kJmol115.(1) j FeO(s)+H2(g)=Fe(s)+H2O(g)k H2O(g)=H2(g)+0.5O2(g)l=j+kFeO(s)=Fe(s)+ 0.5O2(g)Kop(3)= Kop(1) Kop(2)=4.96710-7解得分解压 pO2=2.4810-11 kPa(2)j FeO(s)+CO(g)=Fe(s)+CO2(g)Kop(1)=?k CO2(g)=CO(g)+0.5O2(g)l=j+kFeO(s)=Fe(s)+ 0.5O2(g)Kop(3)= Kop(1) Kop(2)=4.96710-7得Kp(1)=0.42计算CO的用量:FeO(s)+CO(g)=Fe(s)+CO2(g)起始(mol)x0平衡(mol)x-11x=3.38 molCH3OH(l)Som=126.8,poCH3OH (g)poDSDS3DS2DS1CH3OH (l)16.59 kPaCH3OH (g)16.59 kPaT=298K16.先计算CH3OH(g)的Som(g):DS10DS=DS1+DS2+DS3=112.51 JK1mol1Som(g)= Som(l)+DS=239.3 JK1mol1计算反应的热力学函数和平衡常数:CO(g) +2H2(g) CH3OH(g)DfHom(Jmol-1)-110.5250-200.67DrHom=90.145 kJmol1Som(JK-1mol-1)197.674130.684239.3DrSom= -219.74 JK1mol1DrGom=DrHomTDrSom=90.145298.15(219.74)10-3=24.63 kJmol117.CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l) = CH3COOC2H4(l) + H2O(l)DfGom/kJmol-1389.9168.49332.55237.129DrGom = S(nDfGom)产物S(nDfGom)反应物 = (-332.55237.129)(389.9168.49) = 11.289 kJmol-118Kp,2=4.30510-6 Pa-1
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