（临沂专）中考英语总复习 第二部分 专项语法 高效突破 专项12 非谓语动词课件

第二部分第二部分 专项语法专项语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项1212非谓语动词非谓语动词 非谓语动词在句子中不可以单独用作谓语，也不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词。高频考点高频考点精讲精讲1.形容词语法功能1.动词不定式的构成：肯定结构：(to)动词原形否定结构：not(to)动词原形2动词不定式的用法考点考点1 1 动词不定式动词不定式功能说明例句主语不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面To speak English is not easy for us.It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。表语多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语My work is to clean the room every day.To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。宾语只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语What sports does he like to play？他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。宾补在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略toMy mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。定语不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面Have you got anything to say？你有要说的吗？状语不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。考点考点2 2 动名词动名词1.动名词的构成动名词一般由“动词原形ing”构成。2动名词的句法功能功能说明例句主语谓语动词用单数形式Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。宾语动词宾语表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表语多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语His hobby is collecting stamps.Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的爱好是集邮。定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前She is in the reading room.她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。【注意】英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语：口诀记忆：完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)；继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)；考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)；喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)含有介词to的固定短语：look forward to期盼，盼望；prefer.to.比起更喜欢；be used to.习惯于。这些后面需要接名词、代词或动词的ing形式作宾语。3.一些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事remember to do sth.记住要做某事remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事(动作已发生)forget to do sth.忘记做某事(动作未发生)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(动作已发生)try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.试着去做某事regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾，后悔(已做)4.一些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语补足语的区别常见动词 跟动词不定式(不带to)跟现在分词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作 表示动作正在进行着 I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)考点考点3 3 分词分词1.现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词：v.ing 过去分词：v.ed(规则动词)2分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义；过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语 放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it.这个故事很有趣。我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。I want to have my hair cut.我想要剪头发。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰I got home，feeling very tired.我疲惫地回到家里。十年真题十年真题全练全练 近十年来，临沂中考对非谓语动词的考查形式以单项填空和动词应用两种题型为主，考查内容多以动词不定式的用法为主。在2018年临沂中考中，单项填空和动词应用中将会有1至3道题考查动词不定式的用法。考点考点1 1 动词不定式动词不定式1.2017临沂，22Doctors in the town are using the books _their studies and treat patients.Acontinue Bto continue Ccontinuing Dcontinues22017临沂，26Cindys grandmother is learning_the new mobile phone.Ause Buses Cused Dto useBD32016临沂，26These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits.They tell people _ shark fins in order to protect sharks.Aeat Bto eat Cnot eat Dnot to eat42015临沂，23What happens when you hear a strange noise at night，or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom?It often makes us_Ajump Bto jump Cjumping Djumped52014临沂，16Mike went to the library _ some books yesterday.Aborrow Bto borrow Cborrows DborrowedDAB62013临沂，31My parents often tell me _too much junk food because its bad for my health.Anot eating Bnot to eat Ceating Dto eat72012临沂，27China plans to let tourists _ the Xisha islands in the South China Sea this year.Avisit Bvisits Cvisiting Dvisited82011临沂，27If prices rise too high，the government has to do something _ it.Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop92009临沂，33Doctors tell people_their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill.Ato wash Bwashes Cwash DwashingBADA考点考点2 2 动名词动名词10.2017临沂，23When President Xi Jinping has spare time，he enjoys_and sports.Aread Breads Cto read Dreading112015临沂，25Thanks to the robots，the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time_ numbers and information.Aprocessing Bto processCprocessed DprocessDA猜押预测猜押预测单项填空1The Smiths have decided _ a house near the sea.Abuy Bbought Cbuying Dto buy2I bought a big box _ books for kids in poor areas.Acollects Bto collectCcollect Dcollected3Our country encourages more students _ football.Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.Aplay Bplaying Cto play Dwill playDBC4After she finished _ the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.Aread Breads Cto read Dreading5How kind you are!You always do what you can_ others.Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help6My parents dont allow me _ late.Astay up Bto stay upCstays up Dstaying upDDB7Its getting dark now.Why not stop _ home?OK.Lets go.Ago Bgoing Cto go Dgoes8Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here，but it will still take us a few hours _ there by bike.Agetting Bto get Cgot Dget9We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.Anot to leave Bnot leaveCnot leaving Dto not leave10Our teacher often asks us_time.Anot waste Bdont wasteCnot to waste Ddoesnt wasteCBAC