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BR-main,Before Reading,2. Natural History,3. Samuel Scudder,4. Louis Agassiz,1. Picture-talking and Discussion,5. Background Information,Definition of Natural History,Famous Natural History Museums,Haemulon,Eau-de-Cologne,BR1- Picture-talking and Discussion,Directions:,Say something about the different ways of teaching and learning according to the following pictures. And then discuss which way you like best and why.,Picture-talking and Discussion,BR1- Picture-talking and Discussion2,Study in a Traditional Way,BR1- Picture-talking and Discussion3,Study in Multimedia Class,BR1- Picture-talking and Discussion4,Study through Discussion,BR1- Picture-talking and Discussion5,Self-study through Internet,BR1- Picture-talking and Discussion6,Study with a Tutor,BR1- Natural History,Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now usually viewed as a number of distinct scientific disciplines. Most definitions include the study of living things (e.g. biology, including botany (植物学) and zoology); other definitions extend the topic to include paleontology (古生物学), ecology or biochemistry, as well as parts of geology and physics and even meteorology (气象学). In the 18th century and well into the 19th century, natural history as a term was frequently used to refer to all scientific studies, as opposed to political or ecclesiastical history. As such, the subject area would include all aspects of physics, astronomy, archeology (考古学), etc. This broad usage is still used for some institutions including museums and societies.,Definition of Natural History,BR1- Natural History2,Directions:,The most famous natural history museums in the world are listed here.,The Natural History Museum London, Britain The Humboldt Museum fr Naturkunde Berlin, Germany The following museums are in USA: The Smithsonian Institutions National Museum of Natural History Washington D.C. The Cleveland Museum of Natural History Cleveland The Carnegie Museum of Natural History Pittsburgh The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago The Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture Seattle The American Museum of Natural History New York City,Famous Natural History Museums,BR1- Natural History3,Samuel Hubbard Scudder (18371911): American entomologist(昆虫学家),Born in Boston, he was graduated from Williams College and got his B.A. (1857) and then he got his B.S. at Harvard (1862). As the founder of American insect paleontology (古生物学) and an authority on Orthoptera (直翅目) and Lepidoptera (鳞翅目), he was assistant to Louis Agassiz (18621864), custodian of the Boston Society of Natural History (18641870), assistant librarian of Harvard (18791882), and paleontologist of the U.S. Geological Survey (18861892). His works include A Century of Orthoptera (1879), Butterflies: Their Structure, Changes, and Life-Histories (1881), and Fossil Insects of North America (1890).,Samuel Scudder,BR1- Natural History4,BR1- Natural History5,BR1- Natural History 6,BR1- Natural History 7,BR1- Natural History8,BR1- Natural History 9,Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (18071873): Swiss-American naturalist,Born in Switzerland, he graduated in medicine (1830), worked in Paris and in 1832 accepted a professorship at the University of Neuchtel. His early work on fossil fishes was followed by a systematic study of glaciers. In 1846 he went to America and in 1848 became professor of natural history at Harvard. Though a strong opponent of Darwin he proved himself one of the most influential (and most loved) teachers of science of his age. His A Journey in Brazil resulted from a scientific expedition to that country, but of his Contributions to the Natural History of the United States only four volumes were issued before his death, which took place while he was organizing a unique summer school at Penikese island on the Massachusetts coast.,Louis Agassiz,BR1- Natural History 10,Natural Histor11,BR1- Natural History 12,BR1- Natural History 13,BR1- Natural History 14,BR1- Natural History 15,BR1- Natural History 16,BR1- Haemulon 1,Haemulon,Haemulon refers to medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught.,Haemulon,Haemulon refers to medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught.,BR1- Haemulon 2,Haemulon,Haemulon refers to medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught.,BR1- Haemulon 3,Haemulon,Haemulon refers to medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught.,BR1- Haemulon 4,Haemulon,Haemulon refers to medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught.,BR1- Haemulon 5,BR1- Eau-de-Cologne,Eau-de-Cologne,Beginning in the 18th century, Jean-Marie Farina started selling a fruit based alcohol solution in Cologne under the name of lEau Admirable, whose formula he obtained from his uncle, Jean-Paul Feminis, and whose therapeutic virtues were confirmed by Cologne College of Medicine. This tonic preparation with its fresh and fruity scent was known as Eau-de-Cologne in France, and became immensely popular all throughout Europe. It is one of the few kinds of perfume to be widely worn by men. In the early 19th century, another Jean-Marie Farina, heir to the founder of the legendary company and its formula, settled in Paris and became the official supplier for the Emperor Napoleon I. In 1840, he sold his business to Lonce Collas who sold it again in 1862 to Messieurs Roger and Gallet who continue producing the legendary Eau de Cologne.,BR1- Eau-de-Cologne 2,BR1- Eau-de-Cologne 3,BR2- Eau-de-Cologne 4,BR2- Eau-de-Cologne 5,BR2- Eau-de-Cologne 6,GR-MAIN,Global Reading,1. Part Division of the Text,2. Scanning,Table Completion,Flowchart,GR-Part Division of the Text,Parts,Lines,Main Ideas,1,2,3,1 46,4770,7185,Part Division of the Text,4,86104,5,105122,The authors first morning in the laboratory was characterized by boredom and despair.,By drawing the fish in the afternoon, Scudder discovered new features in the fish but failed to notice its most conspicuous characteristic.,The author discovered one new feature after another when he began to work in earnest and saw how just the Professors criticism had been.,By the end of the third day, the author had learned the best entomological lesson in his life, one that was to guide his subsequent study and research.,The eight months Scudder spent studying haemulons was of greater value to him than years of later investigation into insects.,Table Completion,1,2,3,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me.,On my return, I learned that Professor Agassiz had been at the Museum, but had gone, and would not return for several hours.,Just then the Professor returned.,4, and he left me to my misery.,5, and when, towards its close, the Professor inquired ,Scan the text and complete the table below by finding out the sentences showing the professor left the author and returned that day.,GR-Part Division of the Text2,L.70,LL. 4344,L.81,LL.2930,L.10,“Now,” I replied.,Still I was conscious of a passing feeling of disappointment.,Half an hour passed an hour another hour; the fish began to look loathsome.,I was in despair., and with a feeling of desperation again looked at it., he left me to my misery.,L. 50,Flowchart,Scan the text and complete the flowchart below with the words, phrases or sentences in the text showing the authors different feelings (eager, happy, disappointed, etc.) that day.,This was disconcerting.,L.81,His thoroughly pleased Of course! Of course! repaid the wakeful hours of the previous night.,LL.9192,GR-Part Division of the Text3,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ _,Today educators stress critical thinking, which begins with close observation. Yet, the technique is not new, as we can see from this famous essay by Samuel Scudder, in which he recalls his education at Harvard in the 1850s. In the essay, Scudder relates the lesson in observation he learned under Professor Agassiz. The professors teaching method was simple. Instead of lecturing, he directed his young student to look again, look again.,Text,TEXT-S-1,Take This Fish and Look at It,Samuel Scudder,It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history. He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.,TEXT-W-1,Samuel Scudder,It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history. He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.,Take This Fish and Look at It,Samuel Scudder,It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history. He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.,TEXT-S-1.1,1. Analyze the structure of the sentence.,This is a long sentence. The main verb in the sentence is followed by four objects: 1) a few questions; 2) my antecedents; 3) the mode and 4) whether-clause.,2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,他略略询问了我来此的目的、我大致的经历、以后准备如何运用所学知识，最后问我是否希望修习某一特别学科。,Take this fish and Look at It,Samuel Scudder,It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history. He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.,enroll: v.,He is enrolled as a part-time student.,TEXT-W-enroll,put onto the official list; (cause to) enter or join (followed by in/on),她决定上当地夜校的计算机班。,She decided to enroll in the computer course at the local evening school.,Take this fish and Look at It,Samuel Scudder,It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history. He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.,TEXT-W-ground sb,ground sb. in sth:,Most seven-year-olds are grounded in the basics of reading and writing.,teach sb. the main points or rules (of a subject) as a base for further study (usually passive),The volunteers have been grounded in the prevention of the disease.,Take this fish and Look at It,TEXT-s-2,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,Text w-2,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,What can we infer from his reply?,The reply shows that the author is eager to do the job.,Text-s-2.1,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,Paraphrase the sentence.,If a man knows nothing about how to look after specimens, he is not suitable to be a naturalist.,Text-s-2.2,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,energetic: adj.,TEXT-W-energetic,full of energy; very active,We need to be more energetic in promoting ourselves abroad.,The club has the support of an energetic and enthusiastic management committee.,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,specimen: n.,TEXT-W-specimen,a single typical thing or example,He has a collection of rare insect specimens.,Museums will pay large amounts of money for good dinosaur fossil specimens.,Astronauts brought back specimens of moon rock.,宇航员带回一些月球岩石的样本。,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,by and by:,before long; soon,You will find happiness by and by.,By and by he took over the editing of the magazine.,Text-w-by and by,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,explicit: adj.,TEXT-W-explicit,clearly stated; definite,I gave her very explicit directions how to get here.,我给了她如何来这里的非常明确的指示。,Susan was very explicit about her reasons for wanting a divorce.,this fish, he said, and look at it; we call it a haemulon; by and by I will ask what you have seen.,When do you wish to begin? he asked. Now, I replied. This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take,With that he left me, but in a moment returned with explicit instructions as to the care of the object entrusted to me. No man is fit to be a naturalist, said he, who does not know how to take care of specimens.,entrust: vt.,TEXT-W-entrust,make someone responsible for doing something important, or for taking care of someone,She entrusted her sons education to a private tutor.,be entrusted with sth./sb.,We are entrusted with public welfare funds.,我们受委托保管公益金。,She was entrusted with the task of collecting all the data concerning the project.,entrust sth./sb. to sb.,He didnt look like the sort of man you should entrust your luggage to.,these sacred precincts, and treated the alcohol as though it were pure water. Still I was conscious of a passing feeling of disappointment, for gazing at a fish did not commend itself to an ardent entomologist. My friends at home, too, were annoyed when they discovered that no amount of eau-de-Cologne would drown the perfume which haunted me like a shadow.,TEXT-s-3,I was to keep the fish before me in a tin tray, and occasionally moisten the surface with alcohol from the jar, always taking care to replace the stopper tightly. Those were not the days of ground-glass stoppers and elegantly shaped exhibition jars; all the old students will recall the huge neckless glass bottles with their leaky, wax-besmeared corks, half eaten by insects, and begrimed with cellar dust. Entomology was a cleaner science than ichthyology, but the example of the Professor, who had unhesitatingly plunged to the bottom of the jar to produce the fish, was infectious; and though this alcohol had a very ancient and fishlike smell, I really dared not show any aversion within,I was to keep the fish before me in a tin tray, and occasionally moisten the surface with alcohol from the jar, always taking care to replace the stopper tightly. Those were not the days of ground-glass stoppers and elegantly shaped exhibition jars; all the old students will recall the huge neckless glass bottles with their leaky, wax-besmeared corks, half eaten by insects, and begrimed with cellar dust. Entomology was a cleaner science than ichthyology, but the example of the Professor, who had unhesitatingly plunged to the bottom of the jar to produce the fish, was infectious; and though this alcohol had a very ancient and fishlike smell, I really dared not show any aversion within,these sacred precincts, and treated the alcohol as though it were
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