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,Exercises,Reading Comprehension,Structure of the Text,Unit 1: Exercises,Vocabulary,Cloze,Translation,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,1.In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author tells a story about a professor in Robert A. Fowkess class. What was strange about the professor?,First, the professor said “ladies and gentlemen,” while there was only one student. Second, Robert A. Fowkes, the only student in class, missed one class, but the professor didnt give the lecture Fowkes had missed, but gave the next one in the sequence.,Reference,Ex. I, p.8,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,2.Why was the lecture system popular in the thirteenth century?,In the 13th Century books were so rare and expensive that few students could afford them.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,3.In paragraphs 57, what does the author use an imaginary class to show us?,The author uses an imaginary class to show us the inadequacy of the lecture system.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,4.In the imaginary class, what makes Mary and other students bored?,The way the professor lectures: He is just reading from a stack of his very old notes.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,5.Why do Mary and her fellow students stick it out while some drop out of college?,Mary and some other students become resigned to the lecture system and wait to become juniors and seniors. Then, they will attend smaller classes and at last get the kind of personal attention that real learning requires.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,6.In paragraph 10, the author discusses active learning and passive learning. Give some examples of both.,Active learning: Students write essays, do experiments and then have their work evaluated by their instructors. Passive learning: Attending lectures.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,7. In what way do most students learn best?,Most students learn best by engaging in frequent and even heated debate.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,8.According to paragraph 13, why do administrators love lectures?,They can cram a lot more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,9.Why may smaller classes be exhausting to the teacher?,Smaller classes may require energy, imagination, and commitment from the teacher, which can be very exhausting.,Reference,Unit 1: Reading comprehension,10.According to the author, who should receive more lectures?,Juniors and seniors.,Reference,1.Introduction (Paras. 12),2.Body (Paras. 314),3.Conclusion (Para. 15),Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,Ex. II, pp.8-9,1. Introduction (Paras. 12),A true story told by Robert A. Fowkes about how a professor taught a class.,Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,Body (Paras. 314) Disadvantages of lectures and _.,1)American colleges and universities are criticized from many sides. (Para. 3) For example: College graduates _ _.,Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,2) The root of the problem: _. (Para. 4),why they exist,the lecture system,2.Body (Paras. 314),Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,The size of the class : _ _. The professor: _ _. Students: _. Mary: _ _ _.,the inadequacy of the lecture,get bored; ask no questions; drop out of college,system,2.Body (Paras. 314),4) _. (Paras. 812),Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,A._. B. _. C. Eventually, the lecture system harms _.,Listening intelligently is hard work,Attending lectures is passive learning,Problems that the lecture system has brought about,Eventually, the lecture system harms professors as well,2.Body (Paras. 314),5)_ _. (Para. 13) For example: to faculty members,Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,A._. B. pretend to teach by lecturing C. _.,easier on everyone than debates,offer some professors an irresistible forum for showing off,2.Body (Paras. 314),6)_. (Para. 14),Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,Advantages of small classes and discussion in class,Text Outline,Unit 1: Structure of the text,3. Conclusion (Para. 15),_ _ _ _.,Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake,1.His heart attack was _ by the physical and emotional pressures suffered under interrogation.,triggered,Unit 1: Vocabulary,Part A, Ex. V, pp.10-11 Complete the sentences with words given below, making sure that each word is used in the right form. commit stride impersonality minimum economical trigger enrollment original scarce shrink relieve sequence.,2.We are all under the illusion that the country is doing well _, but in fact it is in serious difficulty.,economically,Unit 1: Vocabulary,3.He couldnt join the police because he was below the _ height allowed by the rule.,minimum,Unit 1: Vocabulary,4.We hope to see stronger _ from the world community for international working together in the fight to protect our common natural surroundings.,commitment,Unit 1: Vocabulary,5.The professor felt grateful and _ that the debate hadnt degenerated into something absurd and degrading.,relieved,Unit 1: Vocabulary,6.Tiger populations have stopped _, and working to protect them is now a way of life in nations where they roam.,shrinking,Unit 1: Vocabulary,7.Our efforts result in a great rise in _ in our universities, coupled with a radical shift in higher education from the private to the public sector.,enrollments,Unit 1: Vocabulary,8.It was such a funny and wonderful show; I could _ keep from laughing with delight.,scarcely,Unit 1: Vocabulary,9.Details are often organized according to time _ or from one place to another. These are two very important means of descriptive writing.,sequence,Unit 1: Vocabulary,10.Many how-to books advise you to _ into a room and impress others with your qualities.,stride,Unit 1: Vocabulary,Part B,1.Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often be able to predict the general direction the author is going to. A. anticipate B. expect C. capture D. nurture,Part B, Ex. V, pp.11 Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced part of the sentence.,Unit 1: Vocabulary,1.Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often be able to predict the general direction the author is going to. A. anticipate B. expect C. capture D. nurture,2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play vital roles in raising children. A. intolerable B. impassioned C. intellectual D. indispensable,Unit 1: Vocabulary,2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play vital roles in raising children. A. intolerable B. impassioned C. intellectual D. indispensable,Unit 1: Vocabulary,3.Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice with cereal (谷类食品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed. A. intensify B. enhance C. strengthen D. reinforce,3.Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice with cereal (谷类食品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed. A. intensify B. enhance C. strengthen D. reinforce,Unit 1: Vocabulary,4.Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted his application instantly, but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been turned down. A. ultimately B. hesitantly C. promptly D. attentively,4.Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted his application instantly, but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been turned down. A. ultimately B. hesitantly C. promptly D. attentively,Unit 1: Vocabulary,The rule for the competition is somewhat vague. I cant get it and I require an explanation. A. distinct B. obscure C. clumsy D. imaginary,The rule for the competition is somewhat vague. I cant get it and I require an explanation. A. distinct B. obscure C. clumsy D. imaginary,6.The diseases thrive in conditions where freshwater is insufficient and sanitation is poor. A. scarce B. plentiful C. fruitful D. inexhaustible,Unit 1: Vocabulary,6.The diseases thrive in conditions where freshwater is insufficient and sanitation is poor. A. scarce B. plentiful C. fruitful D. inexhaustible,Unit 1: Vocabulary,7.After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recovery has fallen dramatically, according to a post-election survey. A. gradually B. frequently C. surprisingly D. analytically,7.After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recovery has fallen dramatically, according to a post-election survey. A. gradually B. frequently C. surprisingly D. analytically,Unit 1: Vocabulary,The tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford and Cambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures. A. compelled B. insulated C. memorized D. challenged,The tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford and Cambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures. A. compelled B. insulated C. memorized D. challenged,9.They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rules. A. skim B. clarify C. discard D. insulate,Unit 1: Vocabulary,9.They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rules. A. skim B. clarify C. discard D. insulate,They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit cards, deficient checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers personal information. A. sufficient B. overdue C. naive D. inadequate,Unit 1: Vocabulary,They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit cards, deficient checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers personal information. A. sufficient B. overdue C. naive D. inadequate,How to Be an Effective Listener Author G. K. Chesterton once said, “There is no such thing as an uninteresting subject; there are only uninterested people.” Listening is a skill that 1)_ coordination of the listeners mental powers with an outside force (the person or thing which is being listened to). In addition, listening is three-2)_; listen critically with the ears, 3)_ with the mind, and understandingly with the eyes.,requires,Unit 1: Cloze,dimensional,thoughtfully,Ex. VI, pp.1112 Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the word form where necessary.,To be continued .,1) Good listeners need to think around the topic by listening between the 4)_, and anticipate the instructors 5)_ point. 2) Good listeners 6)_ what has been said and put instructors thoughts into their 7)_ words. 3) Good listeners listen with a pencil in their hands and take good 8)_ .,lines,Unit 1: Cloze,next,summarize,own,notes,To be continued .,4) Good listeners try to get as much 9)_ of a lecture as from a chapter in a book. 5) Good listeners avoid supersensitive listening, i.e. not 10)_ to listen to anything they dont agree with. 6) Good listeners sit near the 11)_ so as not to miss anything.,out,Unit 1: Cloze,refuse,front,To be continued .,People who are good listeners manage to judge the 12)_, and not the delivery. They realize that not all instructors are good lecturers. Some instructors have a very nervous demeanor ( 行为；举止) and may not 13)_ as though they are comfortable lecturing; it doesnt mean that they have nothing of 14)_ to say. And some instructors may have a(n) 15)_ , or may speak softly. Again, while these things may be 16)_ to the listener, every 17)_ should be made to ignore these physical problems and pay attention to the message.,content,Unit 1: Cloze,act,value,accent,distracting,effort,To be continued .,Another area that good listeners can take 18)_ of is non-verbal communication. Facial expressions, gestures, body posture: all of these add to a lecture. Even something so minor as the instructor pacing back and 19)_, stopping only to emphasize a point, is important. A good listener will couple what is being said with what isnt being said (non-verbals) and draw 20)_ .,advantage,Unit 1: Cloze,forth,conclusions,1.那位教授很可能在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。,The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student.,Unit 1: Translation,Part A, Ex. VIII, pp.1415 Translate the following sentences into English.,in the absence of,2. 现行的教育体制遭到了公众的批评，公众已经开始意识到这种体制给学生带来的危害。,The present educational system has been under attack from the public, who have begun to realize the harm the system has done to students.,Unit 1: Translation,under attack from,3.老师告诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是必须要听的。,The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory.,Unit 1: Translation,take attendance,4. 我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。但是很抱歉我无法去, 因为我有一大堆事情要做。,Id love to go to your housewarming party, but Im sorry I cant make it because Ive got a stack of things to do.,Unit 1: Translation,a stack of,5. 中学辍学的年青人可以上夜校或通过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。,Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses.,Unit 1: Translation,drop out of,6. 她不喜欢那位著名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后得到他的签名还是耐着性子听完了。,She didnt like the famous writers lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writers autograph after the lecture.,Unit 1: Translation,autograph,7. 我对讲座制所体现的冷漠无情非常失望，但是最终我还是无奈接受了它，并耐心等待成为大三的学生。,I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior.,Unit 1: Translation,grow resigned to,8. 我们不得不承认讲座体制会把教师和学生天真的问题隔绝开来，而这些问题很可能会引起学生很多有用的想法。,We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought.,Unit 1: Translation,insulate sb from sth,9. 我不同意那些评论家的意见。你得出的结论绝不是没有价值的。对我而言，这些结论很有道理。,I dont agree with those critics opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless; they make a good deal of sense to me.,Unit 1: Translation,make sense,10.为了学生本身的缘故，应该在第一节课就告诉他们这门课的目的，内容以及要通过这门课的要求。,For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about the objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course.,Unit 1: Translation,for the sake of,Part B,听讲课存在的一个问题是：会听是很难的事。阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。,Part B, Ex. VIII, p. 15 Translate the following selected paragraph into Chinese.,Unit 1: Translation,One problem with lectures is that listening intelligently is hard work. Reading the same material in a textbook is a more efficient way to learn because students can proceed as slowly as they need to until the subject matter becomes clear to them.,Even simply paying attention is very difficult; people can listen at a rate of four hundred to six hundred words a minute, while the most impassioned professor talks at scarcely a third of that speed. This time lag between speech and comprehension leads to daydreaming.,有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。人们可以以每分钟400-600个字的速度听，而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3。讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。,Unit 1: Translation,Many students believe years of watching television have sabotaged their attention span, but their real problem is that listening attentively is much harder than they think.,很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。,Unit 1: Translation,Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake. But the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students educational careers during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction.,讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。一是因为讲课似乎从经济上是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。但是，讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端在大学的第一和第二年，那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。,Unit 1: Translation,If lecture classes were restricted to juniors and seniors, who are less in need of scholarly nurturing and more able to prepare work on their own, they would be far less destructive of students interests and enthusiasms than the present system. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn.,如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制度小得多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助，而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。毕竟，学生在能够从听讲课中学到知识之前必须先要学会去听。,Unit 1: Translation,
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