动词时态语态复习.ppt

动词的分类,v. /v.s,ved,will + v,would + v.,had + Vp.p,have /has + Vp.p,will have + Vp.p,am /is / are + Ving,was /were + Ving,时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态； 主从句时态呼应问题。 3、几种时态的替代问题.,一般现在,4. every , sometimes, at , on Sundays,现在完成,现在进行,过去进行,过去完成,过去将来,一般将来,一般过去,1. for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, recently,5. yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now,2. 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作,6. before, by, until, when, after,8. next, tomorrow, in,3. now,7. this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while,4,8,7,1,3,6,2,5,翻译下列句子，指出一般现在时的时态含义 1. My father never takes a bus but walks to his office. 2. Water boils at 100. 3. The plane takes off at six past five. 4. (1) Ill let you know as soon as I hear from him. (2) We shall not have a discussion unless we have time. 5. There goes the bell. 6. The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 7. I hope they have a nice time next week.,现在进行时怎样使用？ 1. Hold on! I am writing a letter. 2. Cheers! I know you are translating a famous novel. 3. Mary is coming back from her visit to Shanghai. 4. We are having the midterm examination next month. 5. (1)He is always helping others. (2)She is always complaining. 6. Its getting colder and colder.,现在完成时怎样使用？ 1. My daughter has just handed in her duty report. 2. (1) They have been away for two years. (2) They have gone away. (3) We have talked for more than 2 hours and lets call it a day. (4) I have worked in China since 1997 and I wont go back to Canada until 2117.,现在完成进行时怎样使用？ 1. Here comes the bus.Ive been waiting for it since eight oclock in the morning. 2. I have been writing a novel and I wont be free until next year.,一般过去时怎样使用？ 1. The train arrived ten minutes ago. 2. I was a newspaper boy in the 1930s. 3. I used to go to school early. 4. Mother said Father didnt like smoked food. 5. If I were you, I would choose to work at home. 6. Its high time that we discussed the problem now.,过去进行时怎样使用 1. This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 2. When I was in Greece, he was studying French. 3. She was setting the table when it began to shake terribly. 4. It was getting dark and the wind was rising. 5. In Qing Dynasty, China was always saying Yes to western powers.,过去完成时怎样使用？ 1. She had visited China twice before she came last year. 2. By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 3. If I had attended the meeting last night, I would have seen Mr. Li, chairman of the meeting. 4. He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught redhanded. 5. I had hoped that nothing would get worse.,一般将来时怎样使用？ 1. (1)I will go to Hawaii to attend a fashion show next month. (2)Man will die without air or water. (3)You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 2. (1)My brother is going to learn English next year. (2)There are many black clouds in the sky.It is going to rain. 3. (1)You are not to smoke in this room. (2)Tomorrow is still to come. 4. My book is about to be published.,解动词填空题“三步曲”,1.I (have) this book for 2 weeks.,have had,are planted,一看时间状语,2.Every year, many trees (plant) along the river.,3.Keep quiet, please! They (have) a lesson.,are having,4.-Hi,Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I (get) ready for the exam.,was getting,5.Tom (go) to bed early， but his brother doesnt.,6. Listen! Jims radio (make) a loud noise. Would you please tell him to turn it down?,goes,is making,二观上下文联系,三找隐含条件,1 一般现在时的用法 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作 1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play,1 一般现在时的用法 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served,1 一般现在时的用法 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.,2 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。 1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been 2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known 3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave,2 一般过去时的用法 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）,1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet? -I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did 2.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell,3. 一般将来时,1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。 2 .表示将来时的四种形式 will /shall +动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么) be to do, be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。 -The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it. A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.,3. be to和be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,4be about to do 表示“正要干什么”， 表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词 构成句型： be about to do when. I was about to leave when it rained.,特别注意 （1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。 The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to ) （2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Floria. I _my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been,4. 现在进行时,1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。 I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she _ just now. A. studied B. is studying C. studies D. will stud,5.过去进行时,1表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。 1.-Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C. I havent noticing D. I was nt noticing 2.-Hey ,what did I say? -I _. A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listen,3 在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。 I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 特别注意： 与always连用，表示感情色彩。 My brother was always losing his key.,6. 现在完成时,1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。 They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.) 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。 He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.,-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , worked Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become,7.过去完成时,1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 请记住： by the end of +过去时间 be the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）,1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come,8.现在完成进行时,构成：have /has been doing 表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。 -Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes, that why I _ to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone,9.将来完成时： will / shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如： by the end of+将来时间的短语, by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have finished the work by the time he comes back. 10.一般将来进行时； will be dong / shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?,1.By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have found D. are finding 2.The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted,1.He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it 2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far. A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heard D.wont hear 3.When I got to the cinema, the film_for ten minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was 4.Ill go with you as soon as I_my homework. A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished 5.If it_tomorrow,I wont go to the cinema. A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained 6.She is going to be a nurse when she_up. A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew,7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I have bought this book for three months. C.I bought this book three months ago. D.It is three months since I bought this book. 8. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going C.didnt think; were going D.hadt thought; were going 9.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages,but I _ all except for a few words of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 10.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen,11.The volleyball match will be put off if it_. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 12.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 13.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 14. Have you moved into the new house? No yet, the rooms _, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 15. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened,16. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 17. We could have walked to the station.It was so near. Yes, A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be 18.If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 19.Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked 20.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picking C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking,Do you remember these sentences？,Who wrote this book?,Mark Twain wrote this book.,=This book _by Mark Twain.,was written,被动语态:,表示主语是动作的,小窍门： 我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成： be + 及物动词的过去分词 表示时态 表示被动 要变化 不变化,It is produced in China. The tradition was revived by students,承受者,例如：,注意一：,使用被动语态的场合,1.不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。 如:（1）Computers are widely used in transport. 2.强调动作的承受者时。如： A library will be built in this city.,注意二：,“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。例如： 1. Im interested in mathematics. 2. He seems unsatisfied with his work. 3. Tom was surprised at the news.,注意三：,某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义 lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如: 1. The door doesnt open easily. 2. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.,1. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如: This dictionary is well worth buying. 2. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如: What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.,注意四：,3.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如: She has an old grandfather to look after. 4.“主语系动词to do”结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于“sth. be to let / rent”或“sb. be to blame”结构中。如: Its not my fault. She is to blame.,