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,动词 Verb (v.),动词知识体系： 1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.现在进行时 4.一般将来时 5.现在完成时小学扩充部分 6.助动词：do,be,情态动词的用法区别 7.情态动词 8.系动词 9.反义疑问句 10.祈使句 11.感叹句 12.简单句及句子成分 13.常考动词辨析：spend/cost/take/pay等 14.常考动介词搭配,探讨：时态教学的要点是什么？,动词形式变化,时间状语,各时态的四种句型：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句,be动词、行为动词分开讲解（一般现在时，一般过去时）,一般现在时的时间状语： today/often/always/sometimes/usually/seldom/every day(week,month,year,monring,afternoon,night,Sunday,weekend) 一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday/the day before yesterday/last year(month,year,Sunday)/a moment ago/just now/two days ago/the other day/this morning 现在进行时的时间状语： now/at the(this)moment/at half past six/when I come in 一般将来时的时间状语： tomorrow/the day after tomorrownext week(year,month)/soon/in three days,完成时小学扩充部分：,have（有，不是助动词）与have got（have为助动词） 完成时的基本结构：have/has（助动词）+V（过去分词） He has a book. He has got a book（肯定句） He doesnt have any book. He hasnt got any book.（否定句） Does he have any book? Has he got any book?（疑问句）,have gone to+地点（去了） have been to+地点+次数（去过） have been in+地点+段时间（例：2 days）（待在） 上述短语遇到home/here/there则去掉介词，其中have been in中介词in不固定，随地点变化而变化，例：I have been on the farm for 3 years. I have been in Beijing for 3 years. = I have been in Beijing since(自从) 3 years ago.,完成时常用时间状语：yet/for+段时间/since+点时间,探讨：学生在时态学习中容易出现的错误和思维误区有哪些？,1.He didnt well in playing football.() He didnt do well in playing football.() 错因：将助动词do和行为动词do混淆,2.There is going to have a football match tomorrow. () There is going to be a football match tomorrow. () 错因：be going to be句型中第一个be是助动词be,第二个be是there be中的be，没有there have 句型,3.I want to do a teacher. () I want to be a teacher. () 错因：直译带来的错误，用be的原因是I am a teacher,其中的动词am原形为be,然后代入want to do（V原形）句型即可,4.He is going to be thirteen years old next year.() He will be thirteen years old next year. () 错因：be going to do句型含有计划性，而日期、年龄、天气等不能人为控制的因素是不能计划的，故不用be going to do句型,动词的分类：行为动词（及物动词与不及物动词） ，连系动词，助动词，情态动词,助动词be和do的选择： I am doing my homework.(正在进行时) I am going to have a picnic.（一般将来时） I am a teacher.（一般现在时） Do you like apples?（一般现在时） Did you see him?（一般过去时） 改写肯定句为否定句或疑问句时，原句中有be或情态动词，则助动词用be或情态动词，否则用do,does(三单形式),did（一般过去时），谓语动词要用原形，时态或三单形式在助动词上体现,情态动词： can与be able to 表情绪: can 表允许（否定回答：cant/mustnt） may 表允许(否定回答：cant/mustnt) mustnt明文规定禁止 must 表必须（否定回答：neednt/dont have to） have to 不得不(与must的区别：have to无选择，而must为主观意愿，可以选择) He has to go. /He doesnt have to go./Does he have to go? 表推测: 一般性推测：can（be） 具体性推测：may(be) 可能 must(be) 一定 It can be very hot in GuangZhou in July. He must/may be a doctor. 表推测的否定回答：cant(be) He cant be a teacher. should/shouldnt 应该/不应该（道德准则） ought to/ought not to 应该/不应该（责任、义务） He ought to /He ought not to/Ought he to?,情态动词的常考点是什么？,1.情态动词本身的含义,3.否定回答,5.need的双重属性 （情态动词）： +V原形无时态，无单三（不加ed或s）本身就是助动词 （普通动词）： +to do有时态，有单三需要助动词来完成否定或疑问句无论作情态动词或普通动词，其对应的，需同时满足，,2.have to与must的区别,4.ought to/have to的否定、疑问句,常考系动词：,1.be动词，注意与助动词be的区别，助动词be是无意义的,2.感官动词 look,sound,taste,feel,smell look（看起来）/look at（看，动作）/see（看见，结果） sound（听起来）/listen to(听，动作）/hear（听见，结果） He looks tall.(adj.)/He looks at me carefully.(adv.),3.grow v.生长、成长 get v.得到 turn v.转向 n.次序 grow 长成为 become成为 get 变得 turn变得（+颜色） seem 似乎 Its getting cold.(adj.) He gets the first prize easily.(adv.),反义疑问句：,1.反义疑问句的特点： 前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定 助动词保持一致，代词与主语保持一致 Li Ming(主语) can swim,cant he（代词）? 2. He never（否定词） comes here,does he? 若反义疑问句中含有否定词never/little/few/seldom/hardly等，则会将肯定句变为否定句，或否定句变为肯定句 3.反义疑问句的回答： You are a student,arent you? You arent a student,are you? 不论是以上两句哪一句，回答都是相同的，即若是学生，则Yes,I am.若不是学生则No,Im not.,祈使句：,1.祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等，其中谓语动词一律用原形而且句子中通常不用主语 2.肯定的祈使句 动词原形开头，例如： Stand up.起立Be quiet，please.请安静 Let引出的祈使句，(let sb. do sth.)例如： Lets play ball.我们玩球吧 Let me help you.让我来帮你 如果要加人称，人称要用“，”隔开，例如： Li Ming，come here.李明，过来 3.否定的祈使句 Dont +动词原形，例如：Dont be late.别迟到 Li Ming,dont come here.（易误写为Li Ming,doesnt come here.)李明，不要过来,感叹句：,1.只能用what或how引导 2.感叹句选择题基本解题公式： 无名词时用how 名词为单数可数名词时： What+a/an+adj.+n.+/How+adj+a/an+n.+（可用the,形容词性物主代词或指示代词替换a/an） 名词为复数可数名词或不可数名词时： 有the（可用形容词性物主代词或指示代词替换）用how,无the用what what a/an+n./what+n.(可数复数或不可数名词) 3.最终归结为是否有名词，名词为什么类型的题型,Its a clean classroom.(单数可数名词) What a clean classroom it is! How clean a(the) classroom is! He is wearing a nice jacket.(单数可数名词) What a nice jacket he is wearing! How nice a jacket he is wearing! They are tall boys.(复数可数名词) What tall boys they are! How tall the boys are! Its delicious bread.(不可数名词) What delicious bread it is! How delicious the bread is! He runs fast.(无名词) How fast he runs!,例句：,简单句基本句型：,基本句型一：S+V （主+谓） 基本句型二：S+V+DO （主+谓+宾） 基本句型三：S+V+P（主+系+表） 基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾） 基本句型五：S+V+DO+OC （主+谓+宾+宾补） 基本句型六：There be （符合就近原则，即谓语动词与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。 ）,常考动词/动词词组辨析：,1.take/bring/carry/get take（带出去，单向） bring（带回来，单向） carry（搬，强调有重量） get（得到，往返） 例句： Its raining outside,remember to take your umbrella. Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow. Go to get your homework now! The box is too heavy to carry.,2.speak/tell/say/talk speak+语言 ,其余的in+语言 talk with/to sb.和/对某人说话 talk about sth.谈论关于某事 talk over sth. 详细谈某事 say+具体的内容（goodbye/a word）say to sb./say sth. to sb. tell+抽象的整体（tell a story/tell the differences between A and B） tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. tell sb. to do sth. chat (v.聊天)with sb. discuss(v.讨论) sth. with sb.,3.spend/pay/take/cost/buy,人+spend+钱/时间 +on sth./(in) doing sth. He spends two days on his work/(in)finishing his work. 人+pay+钱+for sth./for sth. I pay 200 dollars for this book. 人+buy+sth.+for+钱 I buy this book for 200 yuan. 物+cost+sb.+too much/钱 This book costs me 200 yuan(dollars)/too much.（主语为物，花费的是钱，无to do时用cost） 物+take+sb.+钱/时间 to do sth. This work takes me two days to finish it.,leave v.离开/留下（物品或人） I leave my schoolbag in the classroom. forget v.忘记(话语或事情) I forget his advice.,4.leave/forget,borrow（借进）A from B 从B处借进A lend（借出）A to B 把A借出给B May I keep this book for three days? (此句中不能用borrow或lend,因为borrow和lend均为不可延续性动词，而keep为可延续性动词),5.borrow/lend,6.lose/miss lose v.输/丢失 lost（lose的过去式） lost adj.丢失的 miss v.错过/想念 missing (v.ing) adj.丢失的,7.raise/rise raise vt.(及物动词：必须加宾语，直接加宾语) 举起，升起，抚养，筹集 rise vi.（不及物动词：可不加宾语，若加宾语，需加介词） 升起 raise sb. up把抚养大 sun rise 日升 sun set日落,8.hope/wish,hope与wish的区别： hope sb. to do（错误） wish sb. to do（正确） hope/wish sb. to do（正确） hope/wish sb. +that从句（宾语从句） I hope I can be a teacher. (实现几率较大的) I wish I could/would(此处不能用can/will) fly.（实现几率很小的） wish可接双宾语，hope不能 I wish（此处不能用hope） you happy new year.,take part in+比赛 join+党、军队、组织 join sb.(in doing sth.) Do you want to join us? join in+活动、晚会 attend 出席+正式场合（会议）,10.take part in/join/join in/attend,9.match/fit match(颜色，款式)搭配fit（大小，尺码）搭配,get to +地点 arrive+at+小地方（飞机场，乡村）arrive+in+大地方（城镇） reach+地点 其中get to/arrive at/arrive in遇到home/here/there则将介词to/at/in去掉 只有arrive可不加地点 The train is arriving.,11.get to/arrive (at/in)/reach,look for寻找（强调动作） find找到（强调偶然性的结果，包括考古、发现新大陆） find out 查明（经过调研、推理得出的结果） discover 科学探索（发现新的行星、物质、元素） invent 发明（原本不存在） invention n.C发明 inventor n.C发明家,12.look for/find/find out/discover/invent,put on(强调穿上的动作)，wear(强调穿着的状态) Its cold outside.Youd better put on your coat. Its cold in winter.We need to wear warm clothes. dress n.连衣裙+es v.给乔装打扮 dress sb. up 给某人乔装打扮 get dressed 穿好衣服 pull on（匆匆穿上，强调穿上的动作），haveon（强调穿着的状态） wear与have.on的区别：wear可用于进行时，haveon不能,13.put on/wear/dress/pull on/haveon,14.worry/hurry worry n./v. 担忧 worry about 担忧 worried adj.担忧的 be worried about 担忧 Dont worry. 别担心 hurry n./v.匆忙 hurry up快点 in a hurry处于匆忙中 hurry to do匆忙做 hurried adj.匆忙的 be hurried to do 匆忙做 Dont hurry.别着急,15.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(prefer A to B喜欢A胜过B) prefer to do sth. rather than （而不是）do sth. would rather（宁愿） do sth. than do sth. prefer to do sth. instead of doing sth.,16.wait for sb./sth. wait at the bus stop He waits until the bus stops.,17.give/tell/send/lend sb. sth. =give/tell/send/lend sth. to sb. buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.,18.He walks to school.=He goes to school on foot. He drives to school.=He drives a car to go to school. =He goes to school by car. He rides to school.=He rides a bike to go to school. =He goes to school by bike. He takes a bus to go to school.=He goes to school by bus. He flies to BeiJing.=He takes a plane to go to BeiJing. =He goes to Beijing by plane/air. He takes a train to go to school. =He goes to school by train.,19.used to do 过去常常做（现在不做） didnt use to do/Diduse to do used to be 过去是（现在不是） get/be used to doing 现在习惯于做 A be used to do=A be used for doing A被用做,20.sb. ask for sth.某人要求某物 ask sb. for sth. 向某人要求某物,21. think 想、认为 think of想到（人、事物） think out想出（答案、主意） think about（考虑）,常用的动介词搭配在课文中按年级单元进行总结,七上(7A) Unit 1,作业： 1.任选10道动词相关不同知识点的题目详细写出详细解析 2.设计一份情态动词的教案 3.设计一份时态综合复习课（一般现在时/一般过去时/一般将来时/现在进行时）的教案,
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