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Unit61. Correct answer 1. (b) for saying that you had the ability, means, money or knowledge to do something 2. (b) for saying that you had the ability, means, money or knowledge to do something 3. (a) as the past tense of can for saying that you saw, heard, felt, tasted, smelled, understood or remembered something 4. (d) used with certain verbs to mean you have a good reason to do or think something 5. (a) as the past tense of can for saying that you saw, heard, felt, tasted, smelled, understood or remembered something 6. (c) used only in negatives for emphasizing that something should not happen or continue 7. (a) as the past tense of can for saying that you saw, heard, felt, tasted, smelled, understood or remembered something 2. Correct answer 1. (a) is a conditional? 2. (c) means that someone didnt succeed in doing something? 3. (b) means that someone succeeded in doing something? 4. (e) means it is possible that someone might win something? 5. (d) means someone did win something? 3.a a b b b a a a Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions. 1. strain When you feel strain, you feel pressure caused by a difficult situation or physical effort. So when are you likely to: (a) take the strain? Suggested answer:When things are difficult and you have to deal with the pressure, eg before taking exams or when you start your first job. (b) feel eye strain? Suggested answer:Try not to look at the computer screen for too many hours or youll feel eye strain. Every now and then you really need to rest your eyes. (c) be under strain? Suggested answer:Im sorry I was a bit impatient just now. Actually, Ive been under strain with my work recently and I need to relax more. (d) find it is a strain to hear something? Suggested answer:Do you mind turning the music down just a little bit? Ive got a splitting headache and I find its a strain to hear heavy rock music just at the moment . Thats better, thanks! 2. stretch When you stretch something you make it as long or as straight as possible. (a) What does it look like when you stretch out your arms? Suggested answer:It could look like a large cross or perhaps as if youre trying to give someone a warm welcome, with a hug. (b) What do you do when you stretch your legs? Suggested answer:It normally means that you go out for a short walk, but occasionally it means that you stretch your legs out straight from a sitting position, eg when you are sitting on a plane. (c) What is the traffic like if it stretches as far as the eye can see? Suggested answer:Its bad! It means that there is a long line of vehicles, like a traffic jam, going right into the far distance. (d) How do you feel when someone stretches your patience? Suggested answer:You feel a bit frustrated or annoyed or even angry, but you do your best to stay in control and stay patient. 3. clue A clue is an object or fact which helps you solve a crime or mystery. (a) What is a crossword clue? Suggested answer:Its a word or phrase that helps you to find the answer in a crossword a word game in which the answers are written in words in rows of squares that cross each other. Generally, some letters in one word appear in another word. The clues can be easy or difficult: Difficult ones often have tricks with words, double meanings or references to wide general knowledge. (b) How much do you know or understand if you dont have a clue? Suggested answer:If you havent got a clue, then you dont know or understand much at all! 4. punch A punch is an act of hitting someone or something as hard as you can. (a) Which part of a joke is the punch line? Suggested answer:The punch line is usually the last few words of a joke that make the joke funny. (b) What happens in a punch-up? Suggested answer:People fight in a rough or violent way (punching each other). (c) What do you do if you pull your punches? Suggested answer:You express something negative a lot less strongly because, say, you do not want to upset or shock people, so you are gentler with your words (pull means pull back, to limit or stop a punch). Dont pull your punches is the opposite: You express your feelings, opinions or criticism very clearly, without considering other peoples feelings at all. Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. The rain had started to fall gently through the evening air as darkness descended over Sydney. Hundreds of lights illuminated Stadium Australia, and the noise was deafening. As I walked towards the track I glanced around me at the sea of faces in the stands, but my mind was focused. The Olympic gold medal was just minutes away, hanging tantalisingly in the distance.Suggested answer:当夜幕降临悉尼时，雨也开始悄悄地从夜空中飘落。几百盏灯把澳大利亚体育场照得灯火通明，场内的声音震耳欲聋。走向跑道时我看了一眼四周看台上无数的脸，但我的注意力还是很集中。再过几分钟奥运金牌的归属就要见分晓了，它悬挂在远处，很诱人。2. I knew I would do my best, that I would run my heart out and finish the race. I felt the performer in me move in and take over. I had just two laps to run, that was all. Just two laps until the emotional and physical strain of the past two days and the last 28 years would be eclipsed by victory or failure. This race was all about survival.Suggested answer:我知道自己会全力以赴，拼尽全力跑完全程。我感觉自己已经进入最佳状态。我只要跑两圈就行了，就两圈。跑完这两圈，过去两天以及28年来所有情感和身体上的辛苦付出就将被胜利或者失败所淹没。这一跑真是生死攸关。3. I understandits hard to get excited about a foreign sport if you didnt grow up with it. Now Im colliding with this same cultural barrier. The World Cup soccer tournament begins on June 9 and I will have no clue whats going on out there on the pitch. It seems a good time to blow the whistle on the so-called beautiful game.Suggested answer:我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感兴趣。现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。6月9号世界杯足球赛就要开始了，而我对球员在球场上干些什么却一无所知。看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。4. Periodically a player gets an elbow in the face and goes down writhing. The clock stops while little men with black bags rush over and massage his phonybaloney injury, after which he jumps up good as new. The player who elbowed him gets something called a yellow card, a mild reprimand.Suggested answer:时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫黄牌的东西：一种温和的惩戒。Translate the sentences into English. 1. 当他知道自己未能入选校队时，他哭得很伤心，毕竟他经历了几个月的艰苦训练和激烈竞争，也学会了如何熟练地准确投篮。(cry ones heart out; go through)Suggested answer:He cried his heart out when he heard that he was not in the list of the school team. After all, he had gone through months of hard training and gruelling competition, and had learned how to shoot with great skill and accuracy.2. 那位以严格闻名的教练从一开始就要求队员抛弃一切杂念，超越他们的极限，以确保他们能在第29届北京奥林匹克运动会上摘得一枚奖牌。(mean for sb to do sth; from the start; push . beyond limits)Suggested answer:The coach, who was known for his strictness, had meant from the very start for all the players to shut out all the distracting thoughts and push themselves beyond their limits to ensure that they win a medal at the 29th Olympic Games held in Beijing.3. 新教练接管了球队后，时时牢记自己的使命，并最终带领球队取得了联赛冠军。在接受采访时，教练激动得说不出话来。(take over; bear in mind; make it; at a loss for words)Suggested answer:Since after he took over the team, the new coach has always borne in mind his mission and finally made it to the championship of the league matches. When interviewed, the coach was at a loss for words because of excitement.4. 足球是一项很奇妙的运动。虽然最后的比赛结果往 往是 00, 10, 21, 但是这丝毫不影响人们去观看比赛。对我来说，足球的魅力到底在哪里一直是个谜。(flock; remain)Suggested answer:Football is an amazing sport. Despite the fact that most finals are 00, 10 or 21, people keep flocking to see football games. For me, it remains a mystery what is so attracting about football.Language points1. Painting as a Pastime (Title) The title makes use of alliteration having words starting with the same sounds close togetherfor titles and headlines. For example, Learning for Leisure, Having a Hobby, Finding Fun, Spending Spare Time. 2. Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go. (Para 1) As a tired, hurt muscle twitches uncontrollably, a worried mind keeps on returning to its worry and cannot leave it alone. 3. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. (Para 1) All you can do is cleverly turn your attention away to something else. (The metaphor in the passage is of the mind taking hold of a worry and only dropping it when something else is cleverly placed in its hands.) Insinuate implies indirect action. The mind cannot be ordered but must be tricked and distracted. 4. . if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins. (Para 1) The only solution is to find another topic. If it is interesting and attracts the mind, it will replace the worry and the mind can start to heal. 5. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. (Para 2) You cannot just suddenly decide on a new hobby and succeed at it just by wanting to and without practice and preparation. 6. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed. (Para 2) We cannot develop a hobby suddenly; it is a long process. Churchill expresses this by means of the metaphor of growing something. We must plant seeds in the right place and water and care for the plant as it grows. Only then will we finally get a harvest. 7. It is no use doing what you like . (Para 3) Note the structure it is no use doing. One more example: Its no use complaining your parents are not rich. 8. . who can gratify every caprice . (Para 4) . who can have anything they might want even if only for a moment . 9. . to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. (Para 4) . they try to escape boredom by rushing around, hoping noise and activity will solve their problem. 10. . not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure . (Para 5) . not only a means of making a living, but also an ability to enjoy themselves even with simple pleasures . 11. . and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. (Para 5) . if you love your work, a day off will not be welcome but seen as an interruption to what really matters and gives pleasure. A break with a hobby is still a good thing. 揭足球的短 我的一位法国朋友在最近的一次晚宴上说起垒球时哈哈大笑：“当两个队友在场上来回投球时，另外七个小伙子在边上站着无事可做。” 我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感兴趣。 现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。 6月9号世界杯足球赛就要开始了，而我对球员在“球场”上干些什么却一无所知。 看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。 我看足球也有好几年了，我所看到的就是22个穿着短裤的成年人在场上疯狂地奔跑，力争踢到球，互相绊倒对方。 我猜想他们的目的是要把球踢进网里（也叫球门），可是，如果不是碰巧的话，球是很难靠近球门的。 看起来，我们现在谈论的是一项靠运气取胜的运动。 整整一个半小时，球场上一片混乱：球飞来飞去，球迷们在哼着一首悲伤的曲子，让人想起纳布卡的“奴隶合唱团”。 双方队员好像都失控了。 记分法说明了一切：多数球赛都是以0-0、1-0或2-1结束，这意味着球赛结果倾向于平局，如果比赛结束时一方胜出了，那只是因为他们运气好。 为了粉饰这种现象，他们称这样的比赛为“激烈”或“有悬念”。 足球新人大多是美国人或许不知道有多少种得分法。 除了用脚踢球之外，在空中用头顶球也是允许的。可医生会告诉你，这可不是脑袋的最大用途。 老实说，很多进球是从某个无意中挡住球的球员身上反弹进球门的。 观众喜欢这种进球，尤其是防守队员当然是偶然地把球送进了自家的网内。 射门最好地说明了这种比赛的碰运气性质：90%的射门（被称为“机会”，或在无望的情况下，称为“半个机会”；在法国称为opportunits）或被挡住，或因为射得太偏球直接飞上了看台。 万一球碰巧瞄准了，穿过长满毛的队员的腿滑进球门，那纯粹是运气。 射门的人，亦称“前锋”，会因为纯属偶然的进球而独揽所有的赞誉，他会脱掉球衣，绕着圈猛跑，四、五个队友会扑到他的背上阻止他，让他穿上球衣。 接着又恢复了混乱，看台上的观众又开始哼歌曲，而计时器则在滴答声中慢悠悠地走向漫长的90分钟的尽头。 足球与垒球或篮球不一样，对足球来说准确的控球并不是最重要的，蒂埃里亨利和几个巴西球员例外。 让我们面对事实吧：上帝从未想让我们大多数人在全速跑动时用脚来控制球。 时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。 这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。 那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫“黄牌”的东西：一种温和的惩戒。 怎么会有战术和规则都如此模糊不清的运动呢？除了“伤停时间”之谜，还有那个被称为“越位”的规则，大概是指除非有两位对方球员在他的前头，否则前锋不能接队友的传球。 为什么不能呢？这让所有的人都迷惑不解。 不必担心即便是职业解说员也往往对此感到语塞。 BBC的足球名嘴约翰莫特森认为对越位规则“不存在国际通用的解释”。 想想真正的足球（即美国人的橄榄球译注）对“持球触地”没有一致的解释会有什么后果吧。 为何你们典型的足球比赛看上去如此失控呢？很简单，因为球场上只有一名裁判，他要负责管束22名极度兴奋的运动员。 他不允许球员提出异议（否则就给他一张“红牌”，让他冲个澡走人）。但是，大多数的犯规，如推人、出拳打人、使绊、用膝盖顶人、手球都是在他看不到的情况下进行的。 可是球迷都看见了，于是引发了观众席上更多的抱怨。 有一个谜一直解不开：为什么会有这么多人蜂拥前去观看这项比赛呢？ 我一定是漏掉了什么关键的东西。 2. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers repertoire (Para 4) Young children imitate the actions of those in pain or distress, apparently as a way to feel and understand it in a kind of empathy. This imitation (mimicry or copying) of others movements and actions gradually becomes less in the range of these young childrens ways of behaving. 3. At this point in their development toddlers begin to diverge from one another in their overall sensitivity to other peoples emotional upsets, with some, like Jenny, keenly aware and others tuning out. (Para 6) At around the age of two and a half some children become aware of other peoples emotions of sadness, worry or anger, while others stop paying attention to similar emotions: In this way the children start to develop in separate directions regarding how they are sensitive to others emotions. Tune out means to stop listening to something or someone, ie to ignore the sound and not pay any attention. 梦想成真当夜幕降临悉尼时，雨也开始悄悄地从夜空中飘落。几百盏灯把澳大利亚体育场照得灯火通明，场内的声音震耳欲聋。走向跑道时我看了一眼四周看台上无数的脸，但我的注意力还是很集中。再过几分钟奥运金牌的归属就要见分晓了，它悬挂在远处，很诱人。我心在剧烈地跳动，口干舌燥，肾上腺素猛增。童年的梦想就要实现了，这种感觉真是太奇妙了：令人非常兴奋，又胆战心惊。我知道，为了确保能梦想成真我必须强迫自己超越已知的极限。我极力保持镇静，告诫自己不要紧张，要坚持按原计划做，按自己的节奏跑。我知道那些俄罗斯姑娘起跑很快这场比赛我落后俄罗斯运动员叶莲娜普罗科霍洛娃不能超过十秒。如果我做到这一点，冠军就是我的了。我望着四百米跑道的起跑点，屏住了呼吸。这些年来，在世锦赛、英联邦锦标赛以及欧洲锦标赛的八百米赛跑中我屡战屡败，饱受挫折。现在，它再次横在我与奥运冠军头衔之间。我的英国支持者在为我欢呼，声音特别大，就好像看台上只有他们是粉丝。我听到他们喊我的名字，为我鼓劲加油，听到他们充满希望的呐喊。宽阔美丽的体育场上到处飘扬着大不列颠联合王国的国旗，我感觉自己和观众融为了一体：我们有着同样的期盼，同样的梦想。几个小时前，我的脚踝在跳远时受了伤，缠上了绷带，但是我忘掉伤痛，尽量把注意力集中在观众身上。他们的叫喊声势浩大，使我精神振奋，我感到镇定自若。我知道自己会全力以赴，拼尽全力跑完全程。我感觉自己已经进入最佳状态。我只要跑两圈就行了，就两圈。跑完这两圈，过去两天以及28 年来所有情感和身体上的辛苦付出就将被胜利或者失败所淹没。这一跑真是生死攸关。我不断地告诉自己：也就是跑两分钟，谁都能跑两分钟。发令枪响了，比赛正式开始。第一圈还好，我跟其他人跑得一样快，但我觉得比平时要累得多，比我预想的要累得多。这次锦标赛赛前长达数周的艰苦训练以及这两天激烈的比赛所带来的疲劳在我的赛跑过程中显现出来了。精神和肉体的疲倦开始向我袭来，我不得不反击。普罗科霍洛娃一开始就领先。最重要的是我不能被她甩得太远，我得紧紧地跟着她。最后一圈的铃声响起时，我比她落后2.3 秒。只剩最后一圈了，就一圈，我能赢，我必须坚持跑下去。到最后150 米的时候我听见观众高声叫喊，在我最需要的时候为我加油助威这时我的腿疼得要命，我看见我和那个俄罗斯运动员之间距离正在拉大。令人欣慰的是，我的脚还在继续向前迈步，这时候就全靠精神毅力来支撑了。普罗科霍洛娃正在向前冲，我不能让她甩开了，我必须跟上她。我开始倒数剩下的距离：60米、50 米、40 米、20 米。我看得见计时器了，我能赢，但成绩会很接近。最后终点线出现了，我冲了过去，累得精疲力竭。我跑完了。冲过终点线时我最初的念头是这次赛跑比预期的要艰苦得多，记得八周前我以2 分12.2 秒的成绩打破了个人最好成绩。然后，我的心思转向了比赛成绩：我赢了吗？我想我是赢了，过终点线时，我知道其她运动员的位置，我肯定我赢了。但是，如果我不是亲眼看见记分牌上的成绩，我就无法让自己相信这是真的。当我站在那里，抬头望着记分牌等待确认成绩时，我竭力打消脑子里消极的念头，但是我还是禁不住想：如果我再次与冠军失之交臂怎么办？如果我经历了这些磨难却又一次失败了，那该怎么办？Unit 6 Sporting life190我听见远处转播比赛的解说员在谈论两天来的艰难赛事，我好像听见有人说：“我觉得她做得够好了。”接下来，来自德国的萨拜因布劳恩走过来告诉我我赢了，他们在我之前打听到了消息，她问我当奥运冠军是什么滋味。我笑了，但还是不敢肯定。接下来的那一刻将让我铭记一生：计分牌上我的名字亮了。那一刻我惊呆了。如释重负，平静了一会儿，感谢我内在的自我帮我度过了这两天。我感到全身一阵振颤，这时候该做的事是：高举双手，紧握双拳。我向粉丝们望去，他们正兴高采烈地挥舞旗帜，鼓掌呐喊。我是奥运冠军，奥运会的冠军。
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