植物纤维形态对纸张性能的影响ppt课件

Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood1 Tianjin University of Science&Technology第五节第五节 植物纤维形状对纸张性能的影响植物纤维形状对纸张性能的影响(一一)常见原料的细胞组成比较常见原料的细胞组成比较 针叶材：管胞、木射线管胞和木射线薄壁细胞；针叶材：管胞、木射线管胞和木射线薄壁细胞；阔叶材：木纤维、管胞、导管、薄壁细胞及木射阔叶材：木纤维、管胞、导管、薄壁细胞及木射线薄壁细胞；线薄壁细胞；禾本科：纤维细胞、杂细胞禾本科：纤维细胞、杂细胞(表皮细胞、石细胞表皮细胞、石细胞)。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood2 Tianjin University of Science&Technology 多数杂细胞由于腔大、壁薄、长度短，制浆时会吸收大多数杂细胞由于腔大、壁薄、长度短，制浆时会吸收大量蒸煮药液；量蒸煮药液；洗浆时会堵塞洗浆机洗鼓的网孔，降低洗涤才干；成纸洗浆时会堵塞洗浆机洗鼓的网孔，降低洗涤才干；成纸强度低；强度低；表皮细胞在碱法制浆中会添加废液的硅含量，在酸法制表皮细胞在碱法制浆中会添加废液的硅含量，在酸法制浆中那么成片状存在、添加纸病。浆中那么成片状存在、添加纸病。原料的杂细胞含量越高，其制浆造纸价值就越低。原料的杂细胞含量越高，其制浆造纸价值就越低。制浆造纸价值：棉花及麻类针叶材原料阔叶材原料制浆造纸价值：棉花及麻类针叶材原料阔叶材原料禾本科原料。禾本科原料。杂细胞对制浆造纸的影响杂细胞对制浆造纸的影响Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood3 Tianjin University of Science&Technology(二二)纤维形状及其与纸张性质的关系纤维形状及其与纸张性质的关系 纤维形状包括纤维的长度、宽度、壁厚、纤维形状包括纤维的长度、宽度、壁厚、腔径等根本形状目的外，还包括长宽比、腔径等根本形状目的外，还包括长宽比、壁腔比以及纤维的粗度等。壁腔比以及纤维的粗度等。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood4 Tianjin University of Science&Technology ni Li数量平均长度=ni ni Li2质量平均长度 ni Li ni Li3二重质均纤维长=ni Li2ni:ni:某级分中纤维数目；某级分中纤维数目；LiLi：某级分中纤维平均长。某级分中纤维平均长。1 1纤维的长度书纤维的长度书3838页页Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood5 Tianjin University of Science&Technology2 2纤维形状的频率分布纤维形状的频率分布 n n分布频率分布频率 X 100(%)X 100(%)n n将纤维按不同长度或宽度的大小分级，计算将纤维按不同长度或宽度的大小分级，计算每一级分纤维根数占纤维总数量的百分比例，可每一级分纤维根数占纤维总数量的百分比例，可得数量分布频率或质量分布频率。得数量分布频率或质量分布频率。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood6 Tianjin University of Science&Technology0510152000.11 0.23 0.35 0.47 0.58 0.7 0.82 0.94 1.05 1.17 1.29 1.41 1.52 1.64 1.76重量纤维长分布频率（%）原浆板良浆（H 型疏解 剂）Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood7 Tianjin University of Science&Technology(二二)纤维形状及其与纸张性质的关系纤维形状及其与纸张性质的关系 纤维长度 1长宽比=-纤维宽度 长宽比大的纤维，成纸时单位面积中纤维之间相互交错的次长宽比大的纤维，成纸时单位面积中纤维之间相互交错的次数多，纤维分布细密，成纸强度高，特别是撕裂度、裂断长、耐数多，纤维分布细密，成纸强度高，特别是撕裂度、裂断长、耐折度等强度目的。书折度等强度目的。书39页表页表1-19 普通以为长宽比小于普通以为长宽比小于45的原料，运用价值很低。的原料，运用价值很低。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood8 Tianjin University of Science&Technology2 2壁腔比壁腔比 2 X 细胞单壁厚度 壁腔比=细胞腔直径Cell wall thicknessWidthChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood9 Tianjin University of Science&Technology 2 X 细胞单壁厚度刚性系数=X100 纤维直径 细胞腔直径柔性系数=X100 纤维直径Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood10 Tianjin University of Science&Technology纤维的壁腔比不同，那么它们的柔软程度不同。壁纤维的壁腔比不同，那么它们的柔软程度不同。壁腔比小即纤维的柔软性好的纤维，成纸时纤维间的腔比小即纤维的柔软性好的纤维，成纸时纤维间的接触面积较大，故结合力强，成纸的强度高；反之，壁接触面积较大，故结合力强，成纸的强度高；反之，壁腔比大的纤维那么较生硬，成纸时纤维间的接触面积较腔比大的纤维那么较生硬，成纸时纤维间的接触面积较小，结合力小，成纸的强度差。小，结合力小，成纸的强度差。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood11 Tianjin University of Science&Technology 壁腔比壁腔比1 1 1 为劣等原料。为劣等原料。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood12 Tianjin University of Science&Technology图：理想的纤维构造图：理想的纤维构造厚壁纤维厚壁纤维A A与薄壁纤与薄壁纤维比较。维比较。P19P19Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood13 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyPaper on Close Examination Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood14 Tianjin University of Science&Technology3 3纤维的粗度纤维的粗度(Coarseness)(Coarseness)每每 1 0 0 m1 0 0 m 长 度 的 绝 干 纤 维 的 质 量长 度 的 绝 干 纤 维 的 质 量(m g)(m g)，用，用decigrex(dg)decigrex(dg)表示。表示。W=30CWT=5W=40CWT=5W=30CWT=10W=40CWT=10Increasing Coarseness mg/mRelative amount of material in fibreChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood15 Tianjin University of Science&Technology 纤维粗度大于纤维粗度大于30dg30dg的纸浆，造纸的纸页较的纸浆，造纸的纸页较粗糙，平滑度低；小于粗糙，平滑度低；小于10dg10dg者，纸页细腻者，纸页细腻，平滑度好，但是裂断长、耐破度、撕裂，平滑度好，但是裂断长、耐破度、撕裂度及耐折度下降。度及耐折度下降。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood16 Tianjin University of Science&Technology4.4.纤维的卷曲因子纤维的卷曲因子Form factor Form factor 或或 Curl Index Curl IndexD L Form factor=D/LCurl Index=L/D-1Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood17 Tianjin University of Science&Technology6.6.扭结指数扭结指数Kink index Kink index Measurement of anglesReported according to Kibblewhites kink index formulaChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood18 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyPrinciple of mechanical refining.Wood chips are fed into the refining zone where they are disintegrated between two grooved discs of which at least one is revolving.纤维的扭结纤维的扭结是指由于纤是指由于纤维细胞壁受维细胞壁受损而产生的损而产生的忽然而生硬忽然而生硬的转机。的转机。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood19 Tianjin University of Science&Technology扭结指数可用单位长度上扭结平均个数个扭结指数可用单位长度上扭结平均个数个/mm或单根纤维上扭结平均个数个或单根纤维上扭结平均个数个/单根纤维表示。单根纤维表示。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood20 Tianjin University of Science&Technology 定义：定义：1造纸原料中长度等于或小于造纸原料中长度等于或小于0.2mm的纤维的纤维 2造纸原料中经过纤维筛分仪的造纸原料中经过纤维筛分仪的200目筛目筛0.074mm的纤维的纤维 来源：来源：1初级细小纤维：木材中原有的小颗粒，如切断的纤初级细小纤维：木材中原有的小颗粒，如切断的纤维、导管分子、纹孔、射线细胞和薄壁组织细胞量少维、导管分子、纹孔、射线细胞和薄壁组织细胞量少；2二次细小纤维：浆料在消费和后续的抄造过程中经二次细小纤维：浆料在消费和后续的抄造过程中经过机械处置产生的纤维壁碎片量多。过机械处置产生的纤维壁碎片量多。6.6.细小纤维细小纤维fines)fines)Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood21 Tianjin University of Science&Technology 影响影响 1纸机的运转过程，比如留着、滤水、白水回收纸机的运转过程，比如留着、滤水、白水回收系统、助剂成效、枯燥速度等；系统、助剂成效、枯燥速度等；2纸张的性能，比如纸张构造、物理强度性能、纸张的性能，比如纸张构造、物理强度性能、光学性能、印刷性能等。光学性能、印刷性能等。Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood22 Tianjin University of Science&Technology(三三)纤维形状测定纤维形状测定1 1纤维的长、宽度测定纤维的长、宽度测定台式投影仪进展；台式投影仪进展；Kajaani FS Kajaani FS 100/200/300100/200/300型纤维质量自动丈量仪；型纤维质量自动丈量仪；纤维质量分析仪纤维质量分析仪FQAFQAFibermaster/FibertesterFibermaster/FibertesterChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood23 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood24 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood25 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyKajaani 100Kajaani 100纤维分析仪任务原理图纤维分析仪任务原理图Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood26 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyKajaani 300Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood27 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyOptics ModuleSample outCapillarySample inFibre detectorDetector light source(Laser)PolarizersMeasurement (CCD-camera)Measurement light source LEDOptics bodySample loop样品回路样品回路漏斗漏斗毛细管毛细管排出排出Detection loop检测回路检测回路激光激光1st 偏振器偏振器毛细管毛细管2nd 偏振器偏振器纤维检测器纤维检测器 Measurement loop丈量回路丈量回路发光二极管发光二极管毛细管毛细管CCD 照相机照相机MeasurementMeasurement丈量丈量Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood28 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyFibermasterChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood29 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyFibertesterChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood30 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyFiber Quality Analysis OpTest Equipment Inc.Hawkesbury,ON CanadaChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood31 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood32 Tianjin University of Science&Technology(四)纤维粗度和细胞壁厚对纸张性能的影响Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood33 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyWet Fiber FlexibilityPaavilainen,L.,Importance of coarseness and fiber length in papermaking.Tappi International Process and Product Quality Conference,10/1988.pp.99-109.Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood34 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyApparent Sheet DensityPaavilainen,L.,Importance of coarseness and fiber length in papermaking.Tappi International Process and Product Quality Conference,10/1988.pp.99-109.Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood35 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTensile strengthPaavilainen,L.,Importance of crossdimensional fiber properties and coarseness for the characterization of softwood sulphate pulp.Paperi ja Puu vol.75,5(1993),pp.343-351.Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood36 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyWet Fiber FlexibilityPaavilainen,L.,Wet fiber flexibility and collapsibility of softwood pulp fibres.Paperi ja Puu 75(1993)9-10,pp.689-702.Chapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood37 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologySurma-Slusarska,B.,Surewitz,W.,The effect of chemical composition and anatomical structure of wood on the yield and properties of kraft pulps.Cellulose Chemistry Technology,15,1981,pp.77-97.Apparent Sheet DensityChapter 1 The Composition and Structure of Wood38 Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyPaavilainen,L.,Influence of morphological properties of wood fibres on sulphate pulp fiber and paper properties.Proceedings of International Paper Physics Conference held in Kona,Hawaii,9/1991,p.383-395.Tensile strength