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人生百味类阅读理解（5）2016高考英语阅读理解-人生百味类 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.【小题1】What does this passage mainly talk about? ACompetition helps to set up self-respect.BOpinions about competition are different among people.CCompetition is harmful to personal quality development.DFailures are necessary experiences in competition【小题2】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? AIt pushes society forward.BIt builds up a sense of duty.CIt improves personal abilities.DIt encourages individual efforts.【小题3】What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail ? AOnes worth lies in his performance compared with others.BOnes success in competition needs great efforts.COnes achievement is determined by his particular skills.DOnes success is based on how hard he has tried.【小题4】Which point of view may the author agree to? AEvery effort should be paid back.BCompetition should be encouraged.CWinning should be a life-and-death matter.DFear of failure should be removed in competition. 2016高考英语阅读理解-人生百味类What I like to advise people is to find out what it is that makes them happy. What do you love to do? If you truly love what you do just go ahead and try to make a living by doing it. People will throw money at you to do it. But you will always have to work hard at it. I have to draw every single day of my life. I have to draw about 20 ideas. My advice is to put aside a certain amount of time every day and make you draw or whatever, especially when you dont feel like it. Only in this way will you be able to perfect your talent. The first step you take is to go to your local library and ask for the publications issued in the current years. When you get these publications, try to find the names of the top people concerned and their presidents. After you find these, write down their names and addresses. Keep this list and update it every year. Next thing you want to do is to create at least 40 cartoons. Get a grid（格子） from one of the strips in the newspapers, enlarge it to whatever size you wish and draw inside this grid. Now take the best 20 of your ideas and make them into finished pieces. To do this, you would want to copy them in ink because if you were a professional cartoonist, that was what you should do. Now you can reduce the size of the finished cartoons to fit onto a regular comics page. By comparing yours with the others already in print, it gives you a good idea of clarity to your cartoon. The next step is to write letters to presidents of the publication. In the letters, explain who you think would read your work, or in other words, what group do you think you would target. After you complete these, send all of your information enclosed with letters in the appropriate envelope. Now as soon as you send out these letters, start to create a brand new strip with all new characters. Dont get married to one idea because if your idea gets turned down then you will give up. And always remember. If you receive a rejection from any of them, keep in mind that you are working on something better. You will be working on something new and more exciting and the rejection letter will not have any impact. With this in mind【小题1】What is the advice from the writer in the first paragraph when you want to succeed in your life? AStop doing anything until you find something quite suitable for your future career.BPut aside a certain amount of time every day to consider how to make a living.CMake a living by something that you truly like to do as your profession and work hard at it.DPerfect your talent only by drawing some cartoons.【小题2】The purpose of writing a letter to the president was to _. Aget some money to support the later careerBenclose the information on how to become cartoonists with the letterCfocus his attention on the workDexplain who would be the readers of the work【小题3】The underlined phrase “get married to one idea” in the last paragraph probably refers to _. Ahaving a strong desire to get marriedBfixing all attention on one ideaCmarrying someone is a good ideasDrefusing one idea to get married 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013哈尔滨市质检，C)Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initialsthe “nameletter effect”can have some negative consequences.Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get As，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”The researchers work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。加州和耶鲁大学的心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。9The new research is mainly about the relationship between ones _.Aname and unconsciousness Bname and characteristicsCname and success Dsports and school achievements答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“. new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。10Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？AMiss Smith working as a lawyer.BMr. Watt living in Washington.CCharles Brown married to Sue Rogers.DPaula Snow fond of the color white.答案：B推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“. nameletter effect causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own”可知，“姓名字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B项“Mr. Watt living Washington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。11The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” _.Aisnt believed in by many peopleBdoesnt work with certain namesCdoes not really existDis often too little to show答案：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，Pelham认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013哈尔滨市质检，D)As the richest country in the world, youd expect that Qatar would also be the happiest. And youd also expect Japanese people to be extremely positive, seeing as though they have the highest life expectancy. But clearly wealth and good health do not guarantee happiness after both countries failed to make the top ten most positive countries.The poll (民意测验) of nearly 150 000 people around the world found that seven of the worlds 10 countries with the most upbeat attitudes are in Latin America. Gallup asked about 1 000 people in each of 148 countries if they were wellrested, had been treated with respect, smiled or laughed a lot, learned or did something interesting and felt feelings of enjoyment the previous day.In Panama and Paraguay, 85 percent of those polled said yes to all five, putting those countries at the top of the list. They were followed closely by El Salvador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Guatemala, the Philippines, Ecuador and Costa Rica.The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore, the wealthy and orderly citystate that ranks among the most developed in the world. Other wealthy countries also sat surprisingly low on the list. Germany and France tied with the poor African state of Somaliland for 47th place.Many of the seven countries which were most positive do poorly in traditional measures of wellbeing, like Guatemala, a country torn by decades of civil war followed by waves of gangdriven criminality that give it one of the highest killing rates in the world. Guatemala sits just above Iraq on the United Nations Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income. But it ranks seventh in positive emotions. In Guatemala, its a culture of friendly people who are always smiling, said Luz Castillo, a 30yearold surfing instructor. Despite all the problems that were facing, were surrounded by natural beauty that lets us get away from it all.The poll shows that prosperous nations can also be deeply unhappy ones. And povertystricken ones are often positive, or at least a close approximation (大约) of it.文章大意：本文为一篇调查报道。通过对世界各国的民意测验发现，幸福指数与健康和财富无关。12_ may feel the most unhappy according to the poll.APeople from Qatar BPeople from ThailandCPeople from Japan DPeople from Singapore答案：D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore”可知，通过民意测验生活在新加坡的人民的幸福指数最低。故答案选D。13The underlined word “Gallup” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.Aa country Ba polling organizationCa person Da magazine答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，这项民意测验调查了世界各地的15万人，发现幸福指数最高的10个国家中有7个国家位于拉丁美洲，这个民意调查组织调查了148个国家，每个国家测验了大约1千人。因此Gallup应为进行这项民意测验调查的组织机构。故答案选B。14Which of the following is not included in the United Nations Human Development Index?ALife expectancy. BEducation. CNatural beauty. DPer capita income.答案：C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段倒数第二句“. on the United Nations Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income.”可知，这项指数当中不包含C项内容。故答案选C。15Whats the best title of the text?AHappiness does not depend on wealthBHow to live happily?CHealth leads to happinessDWhat are the standards to be happy men?答案：A标题概括题。通读全文尤其是最后一段内容可知，本文主要对一项民意测验调查进行了报道说明。测验结果表明，幸福与健康和财富无关。因此，A项适宜作为标题使用。故答案选A。
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