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锦山实验中学 Book1 高一外语组：王春华2011年10月 语法专题讲解：句子成分句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。其中包括：主要成分：主语 谓语次要成分：表语 宾语 宾语补足语 主语补足语 定语 状语 同位语主语(sub)：句子所陈述的主体。一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。读下面的句子标出主语并总结能够做主语的词。1.Honesty is the best quality. 2.Nobody can help you.3.Four and five makes nine. 4.The sick and the old need our help.5.The wounded should be sent to hospital. 6.To become a nurse is my wish.7.Running is good for health. 8.Between six and seven in the morning is the best time.9.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 10.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 11.There is a teacher and 3students.总结：谓语（v.）: 表示主语的动作，行为或所处的状态。（谓语有人称和数的变化）动词及动词短语常在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。观察下面的句子总结谓语动词的构成。1. He practices running every morning. / The plane takes off at 8 oclock.2. You may keep the book for two weeks. / He has caught a bad cold.3. Our school becomes more beautiful.总结谓语动词的构成。1、简单谓语：2、复合谓语：表语(pred.): 系动词后用来说明主语的特征，类属，状态或身份等。系动词的类别：状态系动词：be (is am are was were) seem smell sound taste feel touch stay(保持) remain (依然) look （看上去） appear （显得） keep（保持）continue (继续) stand (以某种方式矗立着)结果（转变）系动词：become grow(长得) come(成为) prove(证明) get (变得) turn (变得) fall (变为) go （变得）观察下面的句子总结哪些词可以做表语： 1. It becomes a major problem. 2. I am not myself today.3.He was the first to leave. 4.The lights are on.5.Wasting time is killing yourself. 6.The book is interesting.7.The leaves grow yellow. 8.I am much worried about her health.9.My wish is to become a nurse. 10.I am at work now.11.This is where we disagree.总结：宾语(obj.):表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面。观察下面的句子总结哪些词可以作宾语：1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6. I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 8. I cant decide when to start the job.总结：宾语的种类：双宾语：直接宾语 间接宾语同源宾语： laugh alaugh dream a dream blow ablow smile a smile sing a song live a life宾语补足语(obj.-c) : 英语中有些及物动词（包括介词with），除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：及物动词+宾语+宾补(宾语+宾补也叫复合宾语)观察下面的句子总结那些词可以做宾补：1. She used to sleep with the windows open. 2. We made him our monitor.3.He made the class over. 4. The parents let their children in their bedroom.5. I get him to do this job by himself. 6.I found him wondering along the street.7.I got my car repaired. 8.I dont know when the meeting will be held.总结：定语(attributive)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：观察句子总结能做定语的词：1. Guilin is a beautiful city.2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 3. There are thirty women teachers in our school.4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.8. The boy who is standing there is my brother. 总结：定语的种类：前置定语 后置定语多个形容词作定语的顺序：状语(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。观察下面的句子总结做状语的词：1. Light travels most quickly. 2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.4.He is in the room making a model plane. 5.Wait a minute. 6.Once you begin, you must continue.总结：观察下面的句子总结状语的种类：1.How about meeting again at six? 2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9. She works very hard though she is old.10. I am taller than he is.总结：同位语：是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词或名词短语对前者加以说明的成分，在语法上与前者处于同等地位。观察下面的句子总结做同位语的词： 1.We students should study hard. 2. We each will have a chance to travel by air.3. Are you three ready? 4. The news that we will have a holiday tomorrow is true.总结：独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分 感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah, there！(得了得了)come on！hi 等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：mum, dad，Mary ,John 。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe, Believe it or not 等。 情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大 概,actually实际上,certainly当然，等。4Achievement comes from hard work. 成就源于付出。
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