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小升初总复习,作者:Emily,2,专题一 字母 一、概述 英语中有26个字母。其中有5个元音字母和剩余的20个辅音字母。Y y 为半元音字母,有时用作元音字母,有时用作辅音字母 。 小热身: 1. 按顺序默写出26个字母的大小写 , 并画出元音字母和半元音字母. 2. 根据你所掌握的字母知识 , 完成下列各题 。 (1) 六个两笔完成的小写字母是 _,i , j , _ , _ , x (2) 五个元音字母的大小写形式是 _ , Ee , _ , _ , _ (3) 六个三笔完成的大写字母是 _ , E , _ , H , I , _ 字母大小写及读音 A a /ei/ G g /d i:/ M m /em/ S s /es/ Y y /wai/ B b /bi:/ H h /eit / N n /en/ T t /ti:/ Z z /zed/ C c /si:/ I I /ai/ O o / U u /ju:/ D d /di:/ J j /dei/ P p /pi:/ V v /vi:/ E e /i:/ K k / kei/ Q q /kju:/ W w /dblju:/ F f /ef/ L l /el/ R r /:/ X x /eks/,3,二、字母的大写 英文句中首单词首字母要大写。 例: How are you ? 人名中名和姓的首字母要大写。 例: Jim Green , Wang Yadan 国名、城市名的首字母要大写。 例: China , Zhengzhou 语言及民族首字母要大写。 例: English , Chinese 职务或称呼的首字母要大写。 例: Dr Wang , Miss Li 专用名词的首字母要大写。 例: Class Two , Grade Six 表示“ 我 ”的单词(主格) , 即“ I ” , 无论在什么情况下都要大写 。 例: Lucy and I are friends,4,三、48个国际音标 元音音标 单元音:i: i e a: : u: u : 双元音:ai ei i u u au e i 辅音音标 清辅音:p t k f s ts t tr h 浊辅音: b d g v z dz d dr r 舌边音 : l 鼻辅音:m n 半元音:w j ,5,四、音素及对应发音字母 单元音:a: i: i u: u : : e a: :字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt :发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother does brother love above trouble rough blood flood i: :字母组合 ee ea e ie ei three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me Piece receive key ski people i : 发音字母 i y e u a ui sit picture it is list six fit pig big miss many twenty happy delicious build dictionary,6,u: :字母组合 oo o u food moon room broom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full u :字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could Put full pull push woman wolf : :字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn warm quarrel quarter : 发音字母 o a ou Hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss not Want wash watch : 发音字母组合 ir er or ur ear turn burn murder nurse turtle thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her serve work worm world,7, : 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker famer doctor actor seldom open alone forget e : 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any : 字母组合 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad back flag shall man,8,知识要点 一、名词的数 在英语中,名词n按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词可分为单数和复数两种形式:表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式,在使用时,前面一般加不定冠词a或an,表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式,一般是在词后加s 或es,如:bags ,boxes.名词单数变复数具体规则如下: 1).规则变化 一般在名词后加s.如boyboys, penpens等。 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的,在后面加es.如classclasses boxboxes brush brushes peachpeaches 但stomach(胃)的复数为stomachs. “以辅音字母+y”结尾的,y变为i,然后再加es.如babybabies body bodies 以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife, half, leaf, wolf等。 以o结尾的名词,除tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外,一般是在后面直接加s.如kilokilos, photophotos, zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, videovideos.,2).不规则变化 man men, woman women, foot feet, tooth teeth, child-children, mouse mice 单复数形式相同如:sheep sheep deer deer fishfish Japanese Japanese Chinese Chinese等。 有些名词形式上是单数,实为复数意义,通常被称为复数名词,如:people, police等。 由-man和-woman构成的合成词如:policeman policemen Englishman Englishmen EnglishwomanEnglishwomen 但是GermanGermans 另外被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时,两个名词都要变。例:a man doctor two men doctors a woman teacher some women teachers 但: apple treeapple trees,9, 有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes, trousers, glasses, chopsticks等。 数词+名词作定语时, 常采用数词+单数名词形式,如a two-week holiday, an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes walk, two days leave等。,10,11,1以o结尾的名词顺口溜 规律:有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s。 口诀1:黑人和英雄在土豆地里吃芒果和西红柿要加es 解释:negroes and heroes eat tomatoes、mangoes and potatoes 口诀2:你在“zoo”里 看见一个“bamboo” 上面挂着一张“photo” 所照的是一架“piano” 上面放着一台“radio” 解释:zoo-zoos,bamboo-bamboos,photo-photos piano-pianos,radio-radios.,2.表示民族的名词顺口溜 口诀:“中、瑞、日”是一致 “英、法”联盟a变e; 其他一律加s。 解释:Chinese,Japanese单复数同形; Englishman,Frenchman的复数为Englishmen,Frenchmen; 其他像German,American,Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。 3.以f、fe结尾的顺口溜 规律:以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时,改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。 口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 解释:wife(妻子), knife(刀子),wolf(狼) thief(小偷), shelf(架子), life(生命) leaf(树叶), self(自己), half(一半),12,4.巧记不规则名词单变复 口诀:大鹅老鼠光脚丫 男男女女笑掉牙 解释:goose-geese;mouse-mice;foot-feet; man-men;woman-women;tooth-teeth; 5.单复数形式一致的顺口溜 口诀:一个中国人和一个日本人骑着一只羊和鹿去吃水煮鱼。 解释:Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep,fish。,13,3)不可数名词没有单复数形式,要表示不可数名词的数量,可用以下两种方法。 用much, a little, a lot of /lots of some, any等修饰不可数名词。如: The rich man has a lot of money. 可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词, 如:a piece of paper, two pieces of paper, a bottle of orange, a glass of milk, three bags of rice。 many 修饰可数名词复数,14,二、名词所有格 1)表示有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格 一般在名词后加s .如:my fathers car 以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在名词后加 如: the teachers reading room 教师阅览室 不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加s.如:the womens shoes 女式鞋子。 如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词的后面加s。如果不是共有的,则两个名词之后都要加s .如:Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有) Bills and Toms radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有)。(注意后面名词的单复数) 2)表示无生命的东西,一般用 of+名词的结构。如:a map of China,15,练习: I.写出下列名词的复数形式。 1.watch _ 11.strawberry _ 2.child _ 12.thief _ 3. photo _ 13.girl student_ 4.diary _ 14.man doctor_ 5.day_ 15.woman nurse_ 6.foot_ 16.pear tree_ 7.book_ 17. peach_ 8.dress _ 18. box_ 9.tooth_ 19. baby_ 10. deer_ 20. German_,16,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,deer,II. 翻译下列词组。 1.一些桃子 _10.我的自行车_ 2.五袋大米_11.教师节 _ 3.八只脚 _ 12.三八妇女节_ 4.二十颗牙齿_13. 二张纸 _ 5.三瓶果汁 _14.四个男医生_ 6.四十个女警察_ 15.七颗梨树 _ 7.十二把小刀_ 16.一副世界地图_ 8.九个德国人_ 17.Helen的朋友 9.许多孩子 _ 18.双胞胎的妈妈_,17,III. 按要求改写下列句子。 1. There is an orange tree in the garden.(改为复数句) _ 2. She is a good teacher. (改为复数句) _ 3. I have some interesting story books. (改为单数句) _ 4. There are some women teachers over there. (改为单数句) _ 5. -What is it? -Its a box. (改为复数句) _,18,IV. 单项选择。 ( )1.Mr Smith is _father. They are twin sisters. A. Mary s and Johns B. Marys and John C. Mary and Johns ( )2.She needs _. A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters ( )3.There are five_ in our school. A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers ( )4.There are many _ in the fridge. A. food B.bread C. vegetables ( )5.Im thirsty. I think Ill buy some_. A. water B. eggs C. cakes ( ) 6.John bought _ for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe,19,( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. ! A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken ( )8. There are five _in our factory. A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk ( ) 10. _ turn yellow in autumn. A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs ( ) 11. Will you please show me the way to the _ shop? A. shoe B. shoes C. shoes D. shoes ( )12. _ hard work it is! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a,20,( )13. His family _ a happy one. A. be B. are C. is D. was ( ) 14. I met two _ in the street yesterday morning. A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese ( ) 15. My grandparents like _ very much, so they grow some in their _ garden every year. A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetables B. C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetable V.用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some_(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five_(people ) in his family.,21,6. Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn yellow. 9. Their_(dictionary) look new. 11. There are many_(fox) in the picture. 12.Different people may have different _(idea). 13.Would you like some _(tomato)? 14. Jim has some _(knife). 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _(Lucy).,22,Good bye,
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