湖南省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题七 写作

2013年高考第二轮复习英语湖南版题型技法指导专题七写作真题试做(2012湖南卷)生活中，你自己或他人曾有过物品不慎丢失而又找回的经历，其间有烦恼、有惊喜、有感慨请就此写一篇英语短文。主要内容包括：1)丢失的物品；2)物品失而复得的经过；3)你的感想。注意：1词数不少于120个；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。考向分析书面表达的题材、体裁具有多样性和实用性。近年来，书面表达题材多为日常生活和一般交往所涉及的内容，取材比较广泛，内容较为丰富。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。命题的方式多种多样，主要有提纲式、图画式、图表式和开放式。书面表达旨在考查考生综合运用英语语言知识的能力，从单词拼写、词语搭配、词法结构到语法，从遣词造句、把握要领、布局谋篇到修辞风格等。书面表达的命题原则是保持相对稳定，测试内容正从知识型向能力型转变；应用文将继续作为主要的考查类型，同时兼顾其他体裁的考查，以“实用性”为原则；题材仍然遵循“话题来源于学生实际生活”的原则，同时会进一步兼顾“国际化”“信息化”等特点；命题角度多元化，考查学生从单一思维能力向多元思维能力的转变；逐步增加开放式写作的要求，引导学生思考现实问题，表达自己的观点和态度，体现了学生个性的发展和思维的灵活性。解题步骤1细心审题学生一定要对题目所提供的信息仔细分析，明确题目要求，把握要点，对具体要求及内容重新组织整理，使其条理化。审清题目理清思路后，确定写作的体裁及格式、框架结构，同时大致罗列出内容要点。2用词准确，语法得当用词恰当，语言准确是书面表达的基本要求，它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。英语基础知识的好坏，直接关系到语言的准确性。只要基础知识抓得好，并做卓有成效的训练，准确运用语言是可以做到的，如一些固定词组的用法，动词的时态、语态，主谓一致关系等都是书面表达中容易出错的地方。同时应努力避免单词拼写错误，关键单词写错会直接影响语意的表达。在应试中，对于不会写的单词，应设法避难就易，寻找替代词(同义词、反义词)；要适当地多使用一些词组、习语来代替单词，以增加文采，丰富语句的表现力。3尽己所能，避简就繁要想获得高分，在整篇书面表达的写作过程中，就要写出几句语言结构较为复杂、用法较为地道的精彩语句，在最新高考书面表达题的最高档次给分要求中明确规定：书面表达中应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，如果因尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇而导致些许错误，不会影响获得高分；这样能充分体现考生具备了较强的语言运用能力。因此考生在复习冲刺阶段，多练多读多背一些较为复杂的精彩句式是非常必要的。在应考答题时，要尽量用较复杂的结构或较高级的词汇代替单调的语法结构去表达，只有这样，才能使自己的写作得分达到较高档次。4整理成篇，行文连贯层次清楚，文理通顺是书面表达的又一基本要求，考生应对试题所提供的情景做细致的分析，先写什么，后写什么，应做统筹安排，既不能按中文说明逐句翻译，也不能颠三倒四，语无伦次。在表达的过程中，善于抓住表达的关键词语，正确使用过渡性关联词是使文章承上启下，脉络清晰的有效之举。高中阶段常用的连接词有：表并列补充关系：what is more，besides，also，as well，moreover，furthermore，in addition 表转折对比关系：but，however，yet，instead，on the contrary，although，in contrast to，despite，in spite of，whereas，nevertheless，here.there，years ago.today，this.that，the former.the latter，then.now，once.now表因果关系：since，as，because (of)，for，so，thus，therefore，as a result，so that表条件关系：if，on condition that，as long as，unless表时间关系：when，after，before，until，as soon as，later，afterwards，soon，lately，recently，since，from then on，eventually，in the meantime，then，suddenly，at the same time，next，early this morning/year/century，after an interval，now，after，presently，later，afterward，somewhat later，finally，at last表特定的顺序关系：above all，first of all，firstly，first，secondly，the next，finally，in the end，at last表换一种方式表达：in other words，that is to say，to put it another way表进行举例说明：for instance，for example，like，such as表陈述事实：in fact，actually，as a matter of fact，to tell you the truth表总结：on the whole，in short，all in all，in general，in a word，in conclusion，in summary5仔细核对，查漏补缺做题时，有些考生会将注意力集中在表达上，加之匆忙粗心，难免出现错误，诸如单词的误写、多写、少写，习语的搭配，时态、语态、主谓一致等；字母的大小写、标点符号，汉语式的英语等问题。这就要求考生在定稿前认真检查，仔细核对，及时发现并改正问题，保证要点齐全，句子完整、通顺，力争减少失误。6卷面整洁，字体美观一篇好的书面表达除了结构完整，内容表达准确、连贯之外，卷面整洁，字体美观也很重要。解题技巧1提纲类书面表达提纲类书面表达可分为提纲要点式(将信息用文字条目的形式标出)和提纲表格式(将信息置于表格之中)两种。这类题目要点明确，范围具体，信息一览无余且话题贴近生活。答题时易于动笔，并且一般不会遗漏要点。但此类试题包括较多的文字说明，考生容易受到提纲的制约，造成语法结构和词汇使用单调，从而将书面表达变成了翻译句子。提纲类书面表达体裁多样，包括应用文(书信、日记、通知、发言稿、寻物及招领启事等)、说明文、记叙文、议论文等。题材涉及广泛，如人物介绍、地点介绍、新闻报道、生活话题及社会热门话题等。写作时应认真审题，把握中心，注意各要点之间的联系。2图画类书面表达图画类书面表达是一种考查学生观察理解能力及语言运用能力的题型。题材以贴近现实生活为主，考生一般都有话可说，不会轻易偏离主题。体裁较广泛，一般说来，这类题型多以夹叙夹议的形式出现，即先阐述图画所表达的内容，然后阐述自己的观点；也可以是记叙文，将图画中所表达的信息完全描述出来；还可以是说明文，从时间、过程、步骤等多角度加以描述和阐释。写作时要学会理解图画，可以先按照每幅图画的内容，列出简单的提纲，然后将每幅图画的内容有机地联系在一起，而不是断章取义，误解命题人的意图。3图表类书面表达图表类书面表达是高考书面表达中考查较多的一类题型。有表格、饼状图、曲线图、折线图等多种形式。近几年主要以表格考查为主，通常以不完整的汉语句子包括术语或概括性的短语作为提示形式出现，把所提供的材料切割成信息点，置于表格之中，让考生发挥想象力，确定要点，运用相关的词汇、短语、句型形成完整的表达。体裁范围较广，可以是记叙文、议论文、说明文，也可以是夹叙夹议文。写作时一定要理解图表的内容，弄清图表中相关信息的联系；同时要处理好重点和次重点的关系，避免混淆主题。4开放类书面表达开放类书面表达属于非控制性作文，与传统意义的作文有所不同。题目所给素材和主题大多为简短的文字提示或图画。这类题型给考生留下了很多自由发挥和想象的空间，同时也给考生提出了更高的要求。它不仅能考查考生的逻辑思维和想象能力，更能考查考生的语言表达和组织能力及分析问题和解决问题的能力。开放类作文侧重考查两类文体：记叙文和议论文。记叙文体的开放类作文往往给考生一段材料，要求考生根据所给材料，运用逻辑推理，适当添加开头、过程及结尾；议论文体的开放类作文要求考生在所给材料或主题的基础上，提炼观点，并得出结论。开放类书面表达是高考英语写作中难度最大的一类。误区警示1时态、人称和数用错汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语动词来说，这些都至关重要。如：误：They said they can complete the work in three months.正：They said they could complete the work in three months.析：主句中谓语动词said引导了一个宾语从句，从句时态应该与主句时态保持一致。这是典型的时态不一致问题。误：Once one have money，he can do what he want to.正：Once one has money，he can do what he wants (to do)析：one为第三人称，因而本句谓语动词have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants。这是典型的主谓不一致问题。误：The Smiths did his best to make me feel well.正：The Smiths did their best to make me feel well.析：本句主语是the Smiths“史密斯一家人”，故后面应该是their“他们的”而不是his“他的”。2be 动词遗漏在主系表结构中，汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，英语中每个完整的句子都必须由动词来充当谓语，如：误：He will sure to come and help me.正：He will be sure to come and help me.析：本句中sure是形容词不能充当动词置于情态动词之后。3句子不完整有的考生因为对句子结构理解不当，所以出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。如：误：Because the kids thought their wages were too low.正：Because the kids thought their wages were too low，they demanded a high pay.析：本句是一个because引导的原因状语从句，后面必须出现主句才能构成主从复合句结构，否则就造成了句子结构不完整的问题。误：There are many ways to know society.For example by TV，radio，newspaper and so on.正：There are many ways to know society，for example by TV，radio，newspaper and so on .析：本句后半部分“for example by TV，radio，newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些词组，不能独立成句。4介词、冠词遗漏还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法，就会出现明显的错误，造成丢分现象。如：误：Because his mistake several people died.正：Because of his mistake several people died.析：because是一个连词，后面应该引导一个原因状语从句。本句采用了一个简单句结构，用介词短语because of 作原因状语，结构合理、语法正确。5悬垂修饰语逻辑混乱主要指修饰主句的短语与主句的逻辑关系混乱不清。如：误：At the age of ten，his grandfather died.正：When he was ten，his grandfather died.析：这句中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁时，但没有说明谁十岁时。如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了。误：To do well in college，good grades are essential.正：To do well in college，a student needs good grades.析：第一句中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不明确。6词性误用词性误用常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等。如：误：If you work hard，you will be sure to success.正：If you work hard，you will be sure to succeed.析：success为名词，而在句子结构be sure to do中应该使用动词succeed。7指代不清代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。如：误：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.正：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.析：读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解代词所指的对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。8措词失误考生在书面表达中所使用的词汇来源较广，容易对同义词或近义词的细微区别理解不到位，造成失分。如：误：He finally resolved the problem.正：He finally solved the problem.析：resolve 的汉语意思是“使分解，解决”，resolve虽有“解决”之意，但解决的不是“problem”，而是contradiction或doubt, 解决问题应用 solve。误：However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.正：However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.析：speed只能与high，low，good，top，normal，fantastic，moderate，surprising等搭配，不能与fast，quick，slow搭配。但可以这样说 A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.1(2012湖南师大附中模拟)某英语报向中学生征集关于开展研究性学习的文章，请你根据提示，用英语写一篇介绍你校研究性学习活动的短文。研究主题当地风俗习惯人民生活变化环境保护你们小组的研究课题1你家乡河流的污染问题：2三大污染源：工厂废水、生活污水、农民使用的农药；3建议：感想与体会注意：1开头语已给出，不计入总词数；2可根据内容要点适当发挥，但不要逐条翻译；3词数：不少于120词。参考词汇：agricultural chemicalsNowadays we are required to do research work apart from the lessons we learn in school.We are very interested in this kind of activity._ _2假设你叫李华，你的美国笔友Johnson想和家人来中国定居，请你帮他在A、B两个城市中作出选择。下面的图表是对这两座城市在就业、娱乐和环境等方面所作的对比。请你根据该表提供的信息用英语给他写封电子邮件，提出你的建议并说明理由。注意：1.图表左边的数字说明人们对这两个城市的喜爱程度；2词数不少于120个。短文开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Johnson，Im so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China._ _Yours，Li Hua3最近，你校学生会对分类垃圾箱是否进学校一事进行了调查，调查结果见下图。请根据图示提供的信息用英语写一篇作文，介绍同学们的不同意见和看法，并表达你自己的观点。学生对分类垃圾箱进学校的不同看法及所占比例同意60%：有利于资源回收，并有助于学生养成良好的垃圾分类习惯。不同意30%：麻烦，习惯很难改。无所谓10%：此事与我无关。注意：1.词数不少于120个；2文章开头已给出，不计入总词数；3参考词汇：饼状图pie chart 分类classification。Recently the students union conducted a survey on whether recycling dustbins should be set at school._ _4(2012湖南南雅中学模拟)仔细阅读下面四幅图画，根据其内容和汉语提示写一篇英语短文。要求不少于120个词。短文的第一句话已经为你写好。Nowadays，many school children are addicted to computer games._ _5假如你是吴辉，想在Internet 的Worldfriendship网站上发表一则交友信息，请按下表提供的信息用英语写一篇自我介绍。姓名吴辉年龄17性别男国籍中国住址长沙市芙蓉路56号电话号码073186389420电子邮箱个人简历1现就读于长沙市第一中学2性格外向，喜欢交友3爱好集邮、足球4学习电脑3年要求：1.词数：不少于120个；2内容完整、行文连贯、条理清晰。_附录听力精选(一)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear six conversations between two speakers.For each conversation，there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A，B and CListen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11What do you know about the woman?AShe has been to Australia.BShe hasnt been to Australia.CShe cant wait for nice weather.2Where does the dialogue probably take place?AIn China.BIn Sydney.CIn Tasmania.Conversation 23How long has the man been like this?ASince Friday.BSince Saturday.CSince Sunday.4What does “be up and dancing in no time”mean here?ANever being able to stand up and dance.BBeing able to get up and attend a party quickly.CBecoming healthy soon and enjoying oneself.Conversation 35What does the boy want to do?ATeach a lesson to the student hes angry with.BAsk for some advice from someone else.CTurn to the teacher for help.6What does the woman ask him to do?AFight the student.BHide away from the student.CShow his strength to the student.Conversation 47What are the two speakers most probably talking about?ANew history time.BGreat achievements.CSpace walk.8Which one has been successfully launched in the text?AShenzhou .BChangE 1.CShenzhou .9What can we know about the two speakers?AThey are proud of the achievements.BThey want to visit those scientists and researchers.CThey are from the same university.Conversation 510What happened to Tom yesterday?AHe pulled his tooth out by himself.BHe lost his car.CHis good tooth was pulled out.11What happened when Tom went out of the doctors office yesterday?AHis car was lost.BTom found his key lost.CTom got lost.12Which of the following words best describes the day Tom had?AExciting.BUnlucky.CTiring.Conversation 613Why did John choose South Australia for the animals safe place?AHe could build a safe place for wild animals there.BIt still had many cats and foxes.CScientists were welcomed there.14Why was John put in prison?AHe gave his opinions on the environment.BHe wanted to kill cats and foxes.CHe cut down some trees.15What does the woman believe?AIntroduced animals are troublesome.BAll animals have rights to live.CAll Johns views are wrong.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear a short passage.Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.Online shoppingAdvantagesConvenience of doing shopping in one place16._A 17._ serviceNo 18._ costDisadvantagesNo product for you to see，feel or 19._Not 100% safe to give your 20._ number over the InternetNot all Web addresses for real companies(二)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear six conversations between two speakers.For each conversation，there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A，B and CListen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11Where are the two speakers?AIn a bank.BIn a shop.CIn a supermarket.2What is the woman going to do here?AShe is going to have a cheque book.BShe is going to open an account.CShe is going to get her passport.Conversation 23What did the speakers do last year?AThey helped Gail.BThey asked Gail for help.CThey said nothing to Gail.4How does the woman feel about Gails attitude?AShe is less optimistic.BShe is very optimistic.CShe is a bit optimistic.Conversation 35What happened this morning?AThe woman got her car started.BThe man couldnt get his car started.CBoth of their cars refused to start.6What can be concluded from the dialogue?AThe man has his car protected to 30 below.BIt was 20 below zero this morning.CThe woman used to have a garage.Conversation 47Which is not the mans responsibility?ASystem administration.BProducing reports.CInhouse programming.8How often does the man go to organizational meetings?AOnce a month.BTwice a month.CThree times a month.9What does the man think about his job?ABecause it is interesting，it is stressful.BInteresting as well as stressful.CThough interesting，it is stressful.Conversation 510What is the main cause of Bills low spirits?AThe quarrel with his roommate.BHis sleeplessness last night.CThe loud noise of his friends stereo.11What is it that Bill didnt do?AHe turned down his friends stereo.BHe yelled at his roommate in return.CHe had his roommate turn down the stereo.12Which is the best word to describe the woman?ACooperative. BReasonable. CConsiderate.Conversation 613What problem will the man have to face when losing his job?AInvestment problem.BFinancial problem.CHonesty problem.14When will the man have to leave his apartment according to the contract?AIn 3 months.BNext month.CIn a few months.15What can we say about the man?AHe is planning to quit his job.BHe is hardworking，honest but greedy.CHe loves buying things of little value.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear a short passage.Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.Title：Making a good first impression.Making eye contact and_16_ the person you meetRemember peoples names.Use peoples names when you _17_.Allowing people to be in the spotlightShare some about yourself and let others talk.Be _18_ while asking questions to get to know the other person.Additional information_19_ and have a good posture.Dont be negative.Dont complain about things because no one wants to _20_.(三)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear six conversations between two speakers.For each conversation，there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A，B and CListen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11Whats wrong with woman?AShe cant sleep at night.BShe has a serious headache.CShe hasnt recovered from her illness.2What made it difficult for the woman to follow the mans advice?AShe didnt want to lose her job.BShe had to look after her children.CShe didnt want to spend much money.Conversation 23When did the speakers see each other last time?ALast Christmas.BTwo years ago.CA few weeks ago.4What do we know about Joe?AHe is interested in sports now.BHe broke his leg last week.CHe is learning to play the piano.Conversation 35Where did Kate and Laura meet?AAt a camp.BOn a train.CAt a concert.6What do Laura and Kate have in common?AThey both know the man.BThey are both interested in dance.CThey both enjoy camping.Conversation 47Why did the oven stop working?AIt broke down.BThere was a short circuit.CThe power was cut off.8When does the conversation most probably take place?AIn the late afternoon.BAt noon.CAt night.9What will the speakers probably do next?ATurn to their neighbor.BGet a new oven.CPay the bill.Conversation 510What do we learn about the woman?AShe is a professor.BShe is new to the country.CShe has never had a western dinner.11What does the man advise the woman to do?AHelp set the table or serve the food.BLeave the table when invited to.CHelp wash the dishes after dinner.12What day is it today?AThursday.BFriday.CSaturday.Conversation 613Why does the woman want to move?ATheres only one room in her present apartment.BShe cant afford the rent of the present apartment.CShe cant see a view in her present apartment.14How much monthly rent is acceptable?A1,000 yuan.B1,500 yuan.C2,500 yuan.15What do the speakers agree to do in the end?AHave a look at the apartment.BWalk upstairs every day.CWait for a good opportunity.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear a short passage.Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.At Dales Health FarmDietFoods：Only fruit，vegetables，fish and chicken；no 16._.Drinks：Only one glass of red wine at lunch time.Exercise17._：needed as exercise can be dangerous.Activities：mostly light exercises and swimming.18._TV：not available Newspapers：delivered daily and can be sent 19._on demand.Books：can be borrowed from the library,20_.(四)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear six conversations between two speakers.For each conversation，there are