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.词汇过关 1_adj. 温和的；文雅的_ adv. 2_ n. 卫星_n. 行星_n. 恒星 3_n. 气候 4_v. 碰撞；坠落 5_n. 万有引力；重力 答案：1.gentle; gently2.satellite; planet; star3.climate 4crash5.gravity,.短语自查 1挡住光线_ 2as a result_ 3give birth to_ 答案：1.block out2.结果3.分娩；产生,.语法练习 判断哪些句子是主语从句。 1It is certain that Miss Smith will do well in the final exam. 2We thought it strange that Tims father did not come here yesterday. 3The problem is that no one can replace him in teaching English. 4They were all very much worried over the fact that you lost heart when you failed in the exam.,5Has it been decided where the players will perform the experiment? 6I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 7It was Tom that came late for school yesterday morning. 8That we try again is a good idea. 9It seems that he is very disappointed. 10It was reported that two men were killed in the accident. 答案：1、5、8、9、10是主语从句。,语法专区 名词性从句(二) 主语从句 1概念 在复合句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句主要由that和wh词引导。,2类型 1)主语从句位于句首。如： What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. 他想要看到的是世界军备竞赛的结束。 2)主语从句位于句尾，使用先行词it作形式主语。如： It was right that the temple was rescued. 这座庙被拯救了，这很好。 在下列情况下，一般使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。,(1)谓语是seem, appear, be possible/impossible, be a pity, be a wonder, be likely等。如： It appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. 在地球上的科学家看来，这些星体已经移动了。 Its a wonder you recognized me. 你能认出我来，真是奇怪。,(2)在It is known.，It is said.，It is hoped.，It is believed.等惯用的被动结构中。如： It is believed that before writing was developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together. 据信，在文字发明之前，中国人靠把许多石头聚集在一起来作记录。 需要注意的是：当主语从句放在句尾而用形式主语时，形式主语只能用it，而不能使用this, that等代词。如： Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time? 若他不能按时完成工作要紧吗？,3连接词及其用法 1)that, whether/if 连接词that本身没有意义，不作句子成分，只表示从句的开始，位于句首时，that不能省略；whether/if尽管不充当句子成分，但是含有“是否”的意思，可以加上“or not”，其语义不变。whether和if也有不同的用法，如果主语从句位于句首则必须用连接词whether，不用if。 Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。,2)what, who(m)，which, whose, when, where, why, how 在这一类连接词中，除了引导主语从句之外，在从句中又分别起代词、副词或形容词的作用，在从句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语。因此，what，who(m)，which又称为连接代词；when, where, why, how又称为连接副词；whose, which, what又称为连接形容词。试比较：,Who will do it doesnt matter.(连接代词who在从句中作主语) 谁去做这件事没关系。 What we need is more water.(连接代词what在从句中作need的宾语) 我们所需要的是更多的水。 Which of the two is better remains to be seen.(连接代词which在从句中作主语) 这两者中哪个更好还要再看。 When we will start the work is an important question.(连接副词when在从句中作时间状语) 我们什么时候开始工作是个很重要的问题。,Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.(连接副词where在从句中作地点状语) 这个图书馆要建在哪里还未决定。 Why she was late for school is quite clear now.(连接副词why在从句中作原因状语) 她上学迟到的原因现在看来很清楚。 Which plan is better will be announced later.(连接形容词which在从句中作名词plan的定语) 哪个计划更好稍后会宣布。,3)whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever whatever等连接词与what等连接代词的用法一样，只是具有较强的语义，有“凡是、不管、无论”等意思。如： Whatever he said wasnt true. 他说的任何事情都不是事实。 Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it. 不管谁猜对了我手里拿的东西，这东西就给他(她)。 Whichever book you choose is yours. 无论你选中哪本书都归你。,【牛刀小试】 (1)(2009天津7)It is obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future. Aas Bwhich Cwhether Dthat 答案：D考查句式。It is obvious thatclause“显而易见；一目了然”。句意：学生们很明白他们应该为未来做好充分的准备。,(2)(2009上海37)It is immediately clear_the financial crisis will soon be over. Asince Bwhat Cwhen Dwhether 答案：D考查主语从句的用法。句意：经济危机是否会很快结束是很明显的事情。“是否”用whether表示，不能选when是因为从句中由soon这一时间状语。,(3)(2008上海36)It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. Aif Bbecause Cwhen Dthat 答案：D句意：已经证实童年时期食用蔬菜有助于晚年保护自己身患严重的疾病。It has been proved that.为主语从句，表示“已经证明” 。例如：Can it be proved that he did commit these offences? 能证明他确实犯了这些罪吗？,(4)(2008福建27)_is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. AIt BWhat CAs DWhich 答案：B本题考查了主语从句的用法。what引导整个句子作第二个is的主语，同时又在从句中作主语。,(5)(2008山东23)_was most important to her, she told me, was her family. AIt BThis CWhat DAs 答案：C本题主要考查主语从句的用法。句意：她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是家庭。she told me为插入语，what was most important to her为主语从句，其中what又是主语从句的主语。其他选项无此双重语法功能。,(6)(2008浙江4)_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. AAnyone BThe one CWhoever DWho 答案：C考查主语从句。whoever意为“任何人，无论谁”，引导主语从句，作从句_wants to stay in a hotel 的主语。anyone意为“任何一个人”。the one意为“那人，某人”。都不能引导宾语从句。who意为“谁”， 引导主语从句含有疑问的意味。,(7)(2007福建35)It is none of your business_other people think about you.Believe yourself. Ahow Bwhat Cwhich Dwhen,答案：Bwhat引导主语从句，并在从句中作think about的宾语。it作形式主语。为了使句子保持平衡，常用it代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面。how引导主语从句时，在从句中作方式状语，意为“如何”。which引导主语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，意为“哪一个”。when引导主语从句时，在从句中作时间状语，意为“当的时候”。,(8)(2007陕西8)_parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children. AThat BWhich CWhat DAs,答案：Cwhat引导主语从句，在从句中作say和do的宾语，表示“父母说的话和做的事”。which和what都可以引导宾语从句，并都可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，但which指已知中的未知，范围较窄，所指事物比较明确，含有选择的意味。what却指未知，范围较宽，所指事物比较含糊。that引导宾语从句时，在从句只起连接作用不担当任何成分。as用于引导定语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句等。,(9)(2007上海39)_he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. AThat BWhat CWhether DWhere 答案：Bwhat引导主语从句，并在从句中作referred to的宾语。that引导主语从句时，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。whether意为“是否”。where意为“在地方”。,(10)(2006辽宁30)_makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. AWhat BWho CWhatever DWhoever 答案：Awhat引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。表示这个商店经常提供个性化服务使得它与众不同。who引导主语从句表示“谁”。whatever引导主语从句表示“无论什么”，表示强调任何一件事都可使这个商店与众不同。whoever引导主语表示“无论谁”，表示无论谁都可以使这个商店与众不同。,(11)(2010浙江9)It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 答案：B句意：尽管大约有两千人已经服用了这种药，但它能带来什么样的副作用还不确定。what side effect“什么样的副作用”。,(12)(2010安徽33)Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one_it becomes available. Aas soon as Bunless Cas far as Duntil 答案：A句意：先暂时用着这间房间，一找到房子，我们将给你提供大一点的房间。本题考查连词。as soon as表示“一就”，符合句意，其它三项不合题意。,(13)(2010陕西18)It never occurred to me_you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif 答案：C句意：我从未想到你能成功说服他改变主意。It (never) occurred to me that .是固定句型，其中it 是形式主语，that 是真正主语从句的引导词。,
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