湖北省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破六 情态动词和虚拟语气

2013年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 专题整合突破六、情态动词和虚拟语气真题试做1(2012武汉五月模拟)If I had a pair of unseen wings，I _ as Spaceship Tiangong1 in space.(fly)如果我有一双隐形的翅膀，我就能像天宫一号一样在太空自由翱翔。2(2012武汉四次统考)You are such a lover of iPhones，so I believe that _ Steve Jobsdeath.(mourn)你如此地喜欢iPhones，我相信对斯蒂夫乔布斯的去世，你一定很难过。3(2012福建高考，31)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.Avisited Bhad visitedCwould visit Dwould have visited4(2012北京高考，33)We _ the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me?Ashould face Bmight face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced考向分析针对近几年高考试题对于情态动词和虚拟语气的考查，复习备考时应注意以下五个方面：1掌握情态动词的基本意义和用法，把握情态动词的语法特征和语意特征，区别意义相近、用法类似的情态动词。2掌握情态动词表示推测的用法，以及“情态动词have done”结构的用法。3掌握虚拟语气在条件句中的用法，特别注意隐含的虚拟条件和错综时间条件句。虚拟语气句子中动词的使用形式一定要把握准确。4掌握虚拟语气在一些固定句型中的用法。5注意情态动词、虚拟语气同其他语法项目的综合考查。热点例析一、情态动词用来表示推测的用法1肯定句中用must(一定；很可能)，may(可能)，might/could(也许；或许)。其语气的肯定程度按以下顺序逐级递减，即must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)might/could(可能性较小)。might和could并非过去时态，只是语气较为委婉或可能性较小。(1)表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测，用must/may/might/coulddo/be句型。(2)表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测，用must/may/might/couldbe doing句型。(3)表示对过去发生的事情的推测，用must/may/might/couldhave done/been句型。2否定句中用can/could not(想必不会；不可能)或may/might not(可能不)表示否定推测。3疑问句中用can/could 表示“可能吗？会是样吗？”二、“情态动词have done”结构must have done 过去一定做过/发生过cant/couldnt have done过去不可能做过/发生过should/ought to have done本该做，而实际上未做shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不该做，而实际上做了could have done本来能做，而实际上未做neednt have done本不必做，而实际上做了may/might have done过去可能做过/发生过三、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用1时态及其构成：if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示未来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形针对训练：If _，we should not have missed the train.(start)如果我们早一点出发，我们就不会错过火车了。参考答案：we had started earlier2If引导的条件句中含有should，had，were时，可以将if省略而将should，had，were移到主语之前。针对训练：Its a pity that he failed the exam.Had _ his handwriting，he would have done better.(concentrate)他没能通过考试真是太可惜了，如果他多注意一下他的书写，他就会做得更好。参考答案：he concentrated more on3错综时间虚拟句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。如：If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning，I would not be wet now.(从句指过去，主句指现在)如果今天早上带上雨衣的话，我现在就不会淋湿了。4含蓄条件句：without，with，but for，but，otherwise，or等。针对训练：(2011天津高考，15)I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.Ahad come Bwas comingCwould come Dwould have come答案：D解析：句意：我不知道他们一直在等我，要不然我肯定会快点来。由句意可知这里是对过去情况的虚拟，故D项正确。四、虚拟语气在一些固定句型中的运用1在wish后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，从句谓语向前推一个时态。在it is wished that后的主语从句以及名词wish后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，谓语的形式同wish后面宾语从句的形式。2在insist/suggest(建议)/propose/order/demand/require/request等后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用(should)do的形式。针对训练：Representatives attending Copenhagen Conference recommended that _ to reduce carbon emission.(take)出席哥本哈根会议的代表们建议采取严厉措施来减少碳排放。参考答案：strict measures should be taken在it is suggested/proposed that引导的主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/proposal/order/demand等后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，谓语的形式同这些名词相应的动词后面宾语从句的形式。3在it is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用(should) do的形式。4在it is time that后面的定语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语用过去式或(should)do的形式。5在as if/as though/in order that/so that/for fear that/in case/would rather后面的从句中也常用虚拟语气。6在由for fear that，in case，lest等引导的状语从句中，用“(should)动词原形”表示“唯恐”。如：He handed the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心地拿着仪器，唯恐把它摔坏了。误区警示1情态动词基本用法易错点(2012全国高考，17)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.Acan Bmight Cwould Dneed【错混透析】 A can“能够”；might“可能”；would“愿意”；need“需要”。根据语境判断，应选A项。句意：如果我能找到那笔钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。【解题指导】 对于考查情态动词基本用法的题目，首先要掌握各选项的基本意义和用法，其次要注意结合情景特征，体会说话者的语气和态度，不要放过任何细节，利用有效信息，作出最佳选择。2情态动词表推测易错点Mike _ the room now，I saw him playing basketball on the playground a moment ago.(clean)迈克现在肯定不在打扫房间，我刚才还看见他在操场上打篮球。参考答案：cant be cleaning【错混透析】 考生做这道题目最常见的错误答案是：mustnt be cleaning，因为“must be doing”表“现在一定正在做”；故“现在一定没在做”就容易误用“mustnt be doing”；却不知mustnt表“绝对禁止”，表“现在一定没做”的推测常用“cant be doing”。故答案为：cant be cleaning。【解题指导】 遇到考查情态动词表示推测的题目，可通过三步作出判断。首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句，肯定句中一般用must/may/might，否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could；然后看是对什么时间的推测，表示对现在的推测用“情态动词do”，表对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测用“情态动词be doing”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词have done”；最后看句子语气的肯定程度，must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)might/could(可能性较小)。3“情态动词have done”结构的易错点We _ so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.(buy)既然苏西不与我们一起吃饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。答案：neednt have bought【错混透析】 neednt have done表示“本没有必要做却做了”。【解题指导】 “情态动词have done”结构是高考中经常考查的内容。要分清不同的情态动词所构成的结构表达不同的含义。4隐含虚拟条件中虚拟语气的易错点I _ that bitter period without your generous help.(go)如果没有你们的慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。答案：couldnt have gone through【错混透析】 由句意可知真实情况是“在你们的慷慨帮助下，我度过了那段艰辛岁月”。without.表示该句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，用would/could/should/mighthave done。【解题指导】 虚拟语气的题目有时并不出现if条件句，而是通过without/but for/or/otherwise等介词或连词暗示虚拟的语境，这时一定要准确判断时间。5固定句型中虚拟语气的易错点(2012北京高考，35)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been【错混透析】 Bas if/though引导的从句所表达的内容如果与事实相反，则从句需要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时，谓语用一般过去式(did/were)。与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成式(had done)。题干中表与现在事实相反，故选B项。【解题指导】 要想做好固定句型中虚拟语气的题目，既要熟记这些句型，又要记住不同的句型中虚拟语气的表达方式，即谓语用什么形式。1If I were you，I _ at once，because it is a waste of money and harmful to health.(stop)如果我是你，我会立刻戒烟，因为吸烟不仅浪费钱，也对健康有害。2Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning，I _ now.(wet)今天早上出去的时候要是随身带着雨伞，我现在就不会淋湿了。3If he had not failed in the college entrance examination twice，he _ without saying a word.(leave)如果不是两次高考落榜，他不会什么也没说就离家出走的。4If we _，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.(take)如果我们走另一条路，我们也许会及时到达参加会议。5He put forward his suggestion at the meeting that every means _ to save the crops before the storm came.(try)在会议上他提出了一项建议，认为在暴风雨来临之前每一种拯救庄稼的方法都应该尝试。6Its been thirty years since I left my hometown.Great changes _ there.(take)我离开家乡已经30年了，那儿一定发生了巨大的变化。7Its high time that we students _ at our lessons as the final examination is drawing near.(work)期末考试临近，是我们更加努力的时候了。8How we wish that we _ those people who have been buried in the ruins for 76 hours！(rescue)我们多希望能救出那些已在废墟中埋了76个小时的人！9I was really very busy that day；otherwise，I _the party.(go)那天我真的很忙，要不然我就去参加聚会了。10If it should rain tomorrow，we _ the football match.(cancel)如果明天下雨，我们就不得不取消足球比赛。11Tom _ football now.I saw him waiting for the bus just a moment ago.(play)汤姆现在肯定不在踢足球，就在刚才我还看见他在等公共汽车。12The director of the laboratory demanded that the report _ after it was finished.(give)这个实验室的主管要求在报告完成后立即交给他。13Mr.Blank had known the truth of the car accident before you told him，so you _ about it.(tell)在你告诉布兰克先生之前，他已经知道了汽车事故的真相了，因此你本没有必要告诉他。14We _ the task on time，but the traffic delay destroyed all our plan.(complete)我们本来可以按时完成任务，但是交通延误破坏了我们所有的计划。15(2012湖北孝感汉川一中二月调研)The manager insisted that _ the companies who had done something that hurt our feelings.(break)经理坚持要求我们与那些做了伤害了我们感情的事情的公司决裂。16(2012湖北荆门钟祥一中五月适应)Part of the reason why he is absent is，I think，that he _ the meeting.(inform)我想他缺席会议的部分原因是他可能没被通知。17If only she _ and planned better，then she wouldnt have been feeling so worried.(look)如果她往前看并计划的好一些，她就不会感到这么担心了。18If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，people _ paint such realistic pictures.(able)如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。19(2012湖北襄阳三月调研)The old mans evidence cant be acceptedhe _ anyone enter the victims room that day，because he is blind.(see)那位老人的证词不能采信，他那天不可能看到有人进入受害者的房间，因为他是盲人。20(2012武汉四月调研)To our anger，the restroom in that park charged us tourists，but we _ it.(access)让我们愤怒的是，那个公园的厕所收了我们游客的费，但我们本应该有权免费使用的。参考答案六、情态动词和虚拟语气命题调研明晰考向真题试做1could fly as freely2you must have mourned over/for3D考查虚拟语气。由句子中的“我们在那个小村庄里迷了路”与otherwise可想到本题考查对过去事情的虚拟语气；otherwise等于if we hadnt lost our way in that small village，因此其主句应用“would have done”的形式，故答案为D项。4C考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我？could have done sth. “本可以做某事”；should do sth. “应该做某事”；might do sth. “可能做某事”；must have done sth. “一定做过某事”。表推测根据句意可知选C项。创新模拟预测演练1would stop smoking2should not be wet3wouldnt have left home4had taken the other way/road5(should)be tried6must have taken place7worked harder或should work harder8could rescue9would have gone to10would have to cancel 11cant be playing12(should) be given to him immediately13neednt have told him14could have completed15we(should) break away from16may/might mot have been informed of 17had looked ahead18would not have been able to19couldnt/cant have seen20should have had free access to