广东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题一 完形填空

2013年高考第二轮复习英语广东版 题型技法指导 专题一完形填空 真题试做（2012广东高考）We all know that some things are obviously right.For example，it is right to be _1_ to other people.It is also right to look after the environment.Some things are _2_ wrong，too.For instance，we should not hurt or bully（欺负）others，nor should we litter.Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.Rules can help the public make the right _3_，and remain safe.Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes.Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent _4_.If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration，it will be _5_ for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view.For example，they may believe that people should always tell the truth，and that lying is _6_ acceptable.Such people always stick to their views，even if it means that they may get into _7_.Sometimes it may not be so easy to know _8_ what is right or wrong.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is _9_ to eat animals，but others argue that they can eat meat and _10_ be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong，but others think that one does not need to feel so _11_ when stealing some food to eat，if he lives in a really poor area and he is _12_.Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to _13_ others.However，some people argue that rules may be _14_，having observed that rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to _15_ what is right?1Akind Bsensitive Cfair Dgenerous2Aequally Bslightly Cclearly Dincreasingly3Asuggestions Bconclusions Cturns Dchoices4Aaccidents Bmistakes Cfalls Ddeaths5Ainteresting Bvital Ceasy Dvaluable6Aseldom Brarely Cmerely Dnever7Atrouble Bpower Cprison Dcontrol8Aroughly Beventually Cdeliberately Dexactly9Aawful Bcruel Cunhealthy Dunnecessary10Astill Beven Clater Dsomehow11Anervous Banxious Cafraid Dguilty12Abegging Bstarving Cgrowing Dwandering13Afollow Binstruct Ctreat Dprotect14Adisgusting Bconfusing Cunsafe Dunimportant15Apredict Bexplain Cdecide Dconsider考向分析一、短文概况首先来看近五年此题的大概情况年份话题题材词数考查词类n.v.adj.adv.2008社会文化英国“被偷换的小孩”的神话传说21224402009历史与地理诺贝尔设立诺贝尔奖17734212010社会文化不同文化背景下“门”的功用有所不同带来的一些窘迫经历22030612011科技教育是否该为有天赋的孩子成立天才班24342722012对“规章”的理解3093354通过上表我们得出以下结论：1短文题材广泛，或反映最新科技动态，或体现文化内涵，或讨论热门话题。2体裁多样，涉及议论文、说明文和记叙文。3文章长度一般在200个词左右，2011年由10个空增加到了15个空，长度也增加到了243个词，2012年词数为309词，呈现上升趋势。4设空以考查实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词和副词等。而没有考查以下内容：代词、冠词、介词、连词和主谓一致等。单纯的语法知识。全部试题以考查文意为主，通过对上下文语篇的理解和逻辑来确定正确答案。二、设题方式（1）首句不设空：有助于考生了解或推测全文的大意。（2）选项特点：同一小题的四个选项都是同一词数，且为同一语法形式。即：若四个选项都是名词，要么四个都是单数，要么四个都是复数；若四个选项都是动词，要么四个都是动词ing形式，要么四个都是动词ed形式，要么四个都是动词原形，要么四个都是第三人称单数形式；若是形容词或副词，要么四个都是原形，要么四个都是比较级或最高级形式。答题步骤做完形填空试题，切忌边看短文，边选答案，因为这样解题易脱离上下文孤立地看句子，从而产生错误。一般来说，解答完形填空题应遵循以下三个步骤。一、略读全文，把握大意。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。通读全文，才能弄清文脉、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，获得整体印象，把握短文大意，使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，并尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来。二、细读全文，初选试填。在理解全文大意的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则，联系上下文内容，运用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识及根据文中语义、逻辑和搭配的需要进行综合考虑，通过分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。在作出选择的过程中，要瞻前顾后，通篇考虑，先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先进行确定。对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后分析推敲。三、复读全文，核实答案。完成选择后，要把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一遍，逐空认真复查。完成后的文章应该文意完整、语法正确、语言通顺、用词恰当、逻辑合理、符合习惯表达法。如发现错误或有疑问的答案，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、作出修正。规律方法一、通读全文，掌握大意，重视首句通读全文旨在从整体上把握全文，找出完形填空短文的主题、大意、作者的思路等信息，这是解题的基础。而首句往往是了解全文的窗口，依据首句所给的线索常常可以看出文章的体裁、背景等基本信息，从而把握正确的主旨大意。需要特别注意的是，在第一遍通读全文时，千万不要看一句填一句。二、根据文章大意，把握上下文的关系上下文是形成语境的基础，做题时要学会瞻前顾后，要做到词不离句、句不离段、段不离文。这样的话，有时如果单独看空格，看似几个选项填入空格都没有错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个最佳答案了。如：I continued watching as the old man thanked the salesman and_8_for what I assumed was the fourth floor.8Aput away Bpassed awayCpulled away Dheaded off解题指导：从后文的描述“what I assumed was the fourth floor.”看出老人谢了售货员后朝四楼走去（head off）。答案：D三、根据文章语境，进行词义辨析完形填空的命题特点之一就是充分利用词汇辨析知识。答题时眼睛不能只盯在空格上或盯在一个句子上，一定要左顾右盼，弄清前后的习惯搭配。有时不止一个选项可以前后构成搭配关系，这时需要根据上下文的意思来作出判断。如：Finally he understood.Just as he _13_ a lot of time on fruitless speculation（猜想）about the “ship”，his expectations of getting _14_ was also without any real basis.Therefore，he decided to return home and _15_ up a more practical job.15Aset BgaveCmade Dtook解题指导：结合前文，男孩儿领悟到了如果没有现实的基础，任何对变得有钱的设想都只是浪费时间，因此推测他决定回家从事（take up）一份实际的工作。答案：D四、体会文章的色彩，注意语言的和谐作者对完形填空文章赋予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者说话时的语气和文章的感情色彩，这种语气和色彩是和谐一致的，且贯穿全文。做题时要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性，理解文章的深层含义。如：Finally it came Marys turn.I opened my eyes as large as possible，_7_ to lose anything.Wearing a golden and shining skirt，Mary appeared on the glorious stage.7Afearing BwishingCwondering Dlooking解题指导：联系上下文可知，作者眼中玛丽一直是个平凡的女孩，但这次玛丽参加表演却变得与平常不一样，因此可知作者睁大眼睛，生怕错过了玛丽的表演。答案：A五、把握文章脉络，进行推理判断在完形填空题中常常要对文章的情节、作者的态度等进行推理判断。因此，首先要理清文章的脉络，弄清楚文章的结构及上下文的逻辑关系。只有这样，才能加强对文章深层意义的理解，从而更好地完成“完形”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。如：Besides，his sore throat kept _45_（upsetting）him，and he developed a cough to force me and my family out，but _46_.46Aescaped BsucceededCregretted Dfailed解题指导：前文说“他想把我和我的家人赶出去”，but表明前后文存在转折关系，由此可以判断这里应为“他没有成功”，故选D项。答案：D六、利用原词复现，寻找近义词语语义复现包括同词复现和同义复现。考生应充分利用这些词所提供的有效信息进行合理地推测和判断，选出正确答案。如：He _16_（presented）me with a puzzleall because he waved to me like someone does_17_（on）seeing a close friend.Then one day the _22_ was solved.22Aargument BdisagreementCmystery Dtask解题指导：前文讲到“那位交警像朋友一样向我挥手，使我困惑”，这里应是“这个谜有一天终于解开了”。mystery和puzzle意思相近。故选C项。答案：C误区警示一、忽视逻辑，牵强附会The tale took on a new meaning recently when Mr Guyer downsized to a small house from a more expensive and comfortable one.He was worried that his children，a daughter15，and twins22，would be upset.To his surprise，they werent._，their reaction echoed（共鸣）their greatgrandfathers.What they cared about was how warm the people were in the house and how much of their heart was accessible.ATherefore BBesidesCInstead DOtherwise错混透析：C考生易就题答题，仅凭空格所在的句子来选择，而忽视上下文的逻辑关系，从而误选答案。解题指导：上一句提到“令他惊奇的是，孩子们的反应并不像他想象的那样”，由此可知此处表示转折关系。从这里可以看出，完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立的，而是有一定的线索可寻，这种线索大致分为两类：一、文章上下句间及至全文的逻辑关系；二、空格所在句对正确答案的提示。在做题过程中需要留心上下文，正确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系。二、缺乏搭配意识，主观臆断Garriott is the first American to follow his father into space.He _ 30 million dollars for the holiday in outer space.AchargedBmadeCspent Dpaid错混透析：D该题中的四个选项，单从词义来看，都可以和“30 million dollars”连用，但是四个词中只有A项和D项可以和后面的介词for搭配。再结合语境可知，只有D项正确。解题指导：在解题过程中注意上下文语境和词语的辨析固然重要，但忽略固定搭配的用法，也极易选错答案。对于有的词语辨析题，如果只根据词义很难准确选出答案，这时考生可以另辟蹊径，从其常用的固定搭配入手，再结合语境，就能轻松作出选择。三、忽视语法，逻辑失误He did not contact his father for a whole year _ one day he saw in the street an old man who looked like his father.He realized he had to go back home and see his father.Auntil BasCbefore Dunless错混透析：A考生容易受思维习惯的影响仅从词义辨析的角度进行思考而忽略了语法，认为此处表示的是“当时候”，从而误选B项as。解题指导：如果注意到本句前半部分中的not，就可以轻而易举地判断此处是“not.until.”结构，表示“直到才”，从而快速解题。受“淡化语法，突出语境”的影响，考生容易忽视语法问题。虽然考题涉及的语法知识不多，然而完形填空中经常会出现一些复杂句式，对语境分析、解题造成一定困难，从而导致误选。四、忽略背景常识易错点Even though it was only October，my students were already whispering about Christmas plans.With each passing day everyone became more _1_，waiting for the final school bell.Aanxious BcourageousCserious Dcautious错混透析：A有的题目从形式上来看考查的是词语辨析或者是词语搭配，但仅从这两个方面考生又很难准确判断出哪个选项正确。解题指导：从前文可看出，学生们都翘首以待，期待着圣诞节的到来，由常识可知，等待最后一节课下课铃声的心情一定很急切。由此可以很容易得出答案。考生在做题时，要巧妙地运用自己所掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，简化分析与判断的过程；有时还应注意中西文化的差异。一、记叙文（一）（2012广州二模）I woke up this morning with a fright!There appeared to be a mouse in my bed tickling my nose and _1_ scratching me.It had to be a mouse，for those tiny sharp little nails were scratching me all across my _2_.It couldnt have been a（n）_3_ as I didnt own any pets；it couldnt have been a rat，because if what I had read about rats was_4_，their sharp teeth could _5_ their way through solid stone.They do this because their front teeth never stop growing and this is the only way to keep them _6_.I didnt dare to open my eyes and face the_7_ of the disgusting mouse in the bed with me.I felt so dirty and _8_.I didnt want to change my position either，_9_ the mouse would slide onto other areas of my body，which would_10_ give me horrible dreams for years to come!Despite my fears，I finally decided to swiftly _11_ the mouse away.But it _12_！I did it again and again and it kept coming back，every single time.There was no way out.I had to face my enemy.I took a breath，gathered my _13_ and slowly opened my eyes.To my relief，I saw something far _14_ than a mouse and it all came back to me.I had put my baby daughter Rebecca into bed beside me after her first bottle in the morning!That also reminded me：I needed to trim （修剪）her _15_.1AwarmlyBlightly Cwildly Dthoroughly2Afoot Bhand Cstomach Dface3Amouse Binsect Ccat Dfly4Atrue Bsuitable Cinteresting Dclear5Afight Bpull Ccarve Dwind6Astrong Bsharp Cslim Dshort7Ahorror Bthought Crisk Dcost8Atired Bstupid Cuncomfortable Ddisappointed9Ahoping Bfearing Cassuming Ddoubting10Agradually Btemporarily Csurely Dhardly11Athrow Bbrush Ckeep Dsend12Areturned Brepeated Cdropped Dstayed13Amemories Bthoughts Cenergy Dcourage14Asofter Bcuter Cuglier Dworse15Ahair Bfeet Cnails Dfingers（二）Dear God，Now that I am no longer young，I have friends whose mothers have passed away.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully _1_ their mothers until it was too late to tell them.I am _2_ with the dear mother who is still alive.I appreciate her more each day.My mother does not change，but I do.As I grow older and _3_，I realize what a （an）_4_ person she is.How sad that I am unable to speak these words in her _5_，but they flow _6_ from my pen.How does a daughter begin to _7_ her mother for life itself？For the love，patience and just plain hard work that go into _8_ a child？For running after a toddler（蹒跚行走的小孩），for understanding a _9_ teenager，for tolerating a college student who knows everything？For waiting for the day when a daughter realizes what her mother really is?How does a （an）_10_ woman thank for a mother for continuing to be a mother？For being ready with advice （when asked）or remaining _11_ when it is most appreciated？For not saying：“I told you so”，when she could have expressed these words dozens of times？For being really herselfloving，thoughtful，_12_，and forgiving?I dont know how，dear God，except to bless her as _13_ as she deserves and to help me live up to the example she has _14_ .Whether it is hard or easy，I _15_ that I will look as good in the eyes of my children as my mother looks in mine.A daughter1Asupported Bappreciated Cdescribed Dgreeted2Aconcerned Bfamiliar Cblessed Danxious3Awiser Bhappier Cstubborner Dhealthier4Acommon Bstrange Cpopular Dextraordinary5Aabsence Bpresence Cappearance Dexistence6Aeasily Bpolitely Cslowly Dpatiently7Acall Bthank Ccare Dworry8Adeveloping Brising Ctraining Draising9Aconsiderate Benergetic Cmoody Dfearless10Agrown Bsuccessful Cbeautiful Dhonest11Aquiet Bcalm Csilent Dstill12Apatient Bselfish Cviolent Dpowerful13Alikely Brichly Clovely Dplainly14Afollowed Bplaced Cgiven Dset15Athink Bbelieve Cpray Dsuppose（三）One day，Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework：homework on happiness.Her pupils would be “happiness _1_”，and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them.As part of their homework，all the students did really _2_，wonderful things，but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone _3_.Several days after the homework had been handed out，Carla turned up carrying a big bag.“Here in this bag I have all the happiness Ive collected so far，” she said _4_.On seeing this，everyone was filled with _5_，but Carla didnt want to show anyone what was in the bag.Instead，she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher.When Miss Ellis had taken the box，Carla took a（n）_6_ camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready.“Open it，Miss Ellis.”The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside.A big smile _7_ on her face，and at that moment Carla took a photo，Carlas photo came out of the camera immediately，and she _8_ it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper.The teacher read the paper in silence，and when she had finished，she gestured at the _9_.“Oh，so its.”“Yes！” _10_ Carla，opening the bag.“Its a great big pile of smiles！”She opened the bag and photos of different _11_ fell out.The rest of the class tried to _12_ how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness.All there in the box was a photo of a big smile.But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted（传送）to them，and in return，without _13_，every person _14_ with a smile of their own.She managed to _15_ understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world.1Aexplorers Binstructors Cplayers Dcollectors2Aregretful Bdelightful Cstressful Dthankful3Asurprised Bsatisfied Cannoyed Ddepressed4Adisappointedly Bsadly Camazedly Dsmilingly5Aastonishment Bkindness Cexpectation Dpride6Aexpensive Boldfashioned Cinstant Dgoodlooking7Adisappeared Bfroze Cfaded Dshone8Aoffered Bsold Cpacked Dpaid9Abox Bbag Ccamera Dpocket10Aadded Bquestioned Creplied Dinterrupted11Asmiles Bteachers Cceremonies Dfriends12Atry out Bfocus on Cdecide on Dfigure out13Aimagination Bexpression Chesitation Dreason14Aresponded Brefused Cdemanded Dproved15Ahide Bcorrect Cappreciate Dspread（四）This is a true story about a young lady who got so sick of living with her strict parents that she ran away from home._1_，she soon found out that_2_was not easy on her own.She couldnt find a job，and it didnt take long for her friends to get _3_ her so they kicked her out.Well，this young 19yearold girl got so _4_ that she decided to start making money by begging.Years passed.Her father died.Her mother grew older.But she still would not write or go home to see her_5_.One day the mother _6_ that her daughter was seen in a certain part of town，so she went there _7_ her daughter.She went to every store and cheap hotel asking to put a picture on their walls.It was a picture of _8_，now a grayhaired woman.Beside her picture was this message to her daughter which simply _9_，“I still love you！Please come home！”Months went by and nothing happened.Then one day the daughter wandered into one of those hotels.You can imagine how _10_ she was to see her mothers picture on the wall of that dirty，cheap hotel.As she read her mothers message to her，she burst into _11_.That night she started walking many miles back to her home.It was in the early morning that she finally arrived at the front door of her parents house.She began to knock but the door was already open.Afraid that someone had _12_ her parents house，she _13_ inside and woke up the sleeping old lady and told her she had finally come home.Mother and daughter began to cry as they held each other.The daughter said，“I thought someone had broken into the house！”But the mother _14_ her head and answered _15_，“My dear，from the day you left Ive kept the door unlocked.”1ATherefore BHowever CBesides DThus2Alife Bstudy Csociety Dentertainment3Ainterested in Bfond of Ctired of Dworried about4Ahopeless Bsatisfied Chomeless Dexcited5Afather Bfriends Csisters Dmother6Asaw Bheard Cnoticed Dlistened7Aasking for Bfinding out Clooking for Dsearching out8Aher daughter Bthemselves Ca family Dherself9Atold Bwrote Csaid Dsigned10Ashocked Bdisappointed Cconfused Dpleased11Atears Blaughter Cfear Danger12Abroken out Bbroken down Cbroken into Dbroken up13Aentered Bwalked Cran Dwandered14Anodded Bshook Cbent Dbowed15Afirmly Bloudly Cgently Dregretfully（五）I saw the old man，with his untidy clothes and messy hair，as he dashed between the rows of the department store.He was trying to be ordinary but he was hard not to_1_.He _2_the saleswoman and with a slight_3_，possibly German，asked where the womens shoes were sold.“Fourth floor.” She responded in a voice I could hear 10 miles away.“Pardon？Where did you say they were？” he asked again，apparently_4_.Clearly the old man was somewhat _5_.“Fourth floor，sir，” the friendly saleswoman replied patiently，this time so_6_ that customers turned to see what was causing the_7_.I continued watching as the man thanked the saleswoman and_8_for what I assumed was the fourth floor.But rather than walk to the_9_ or the lift，he dashed behind a shelf，took out a notebook and started writing hurriedly，with an almost mad_10_on his face.Then he went straight up to another saleswoman and asked where the womens shoes were sold.Again he asked her to_11_the answer and once more he walked away and took down some notes.He did this three more times before a department store_12_，thinking him mad，removed him from the store.But rather than be_13_，the old man departed with a huge smile on his face.Although the incident was_14_，it was not until a year later，during my first year of university，that I gave it any further_15_.I walked into my language classroom and met my professor.It was that very same man.1Asee Bnotice Cneglect Dfind2Afollowed Binterviewed Cchose Dapproached3Adoubt Bvoice Caccent Dsmile4Aconfused Bamused Cannoyed Dtired 5Asilly Bshy Cdeaf Dweak6Aangrily Bloudly Csuddenly Dquickly7Adisturbance Baccident Cpleasure Dquarrel8Aput away Bpassed away Cpulled away