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贵阳市2014高考英语（新人教版）一轮阅读训练（40）附答案课时作业(四十)选修8Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors(限时：45分钟)阅读理解-A2012山东卷 One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used.This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire，” 50 miles from Oxford.Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors.But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a booklined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院)for the Criminally Insane.Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414，825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.16. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary_A. came out before Minor diedB. was edited by an American volunteerC. included the English words invented by MurrayD. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary17. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary?A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.C. He provided a great number of words and quotations.D. He went to England to work with Murray. 18. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?A. He was shut in an asylum.B. He lived far from Oxford.C. He was busy writing a book.D. He disliked traveling.19. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because_A. they both served in the Civil WarB. they had a common interest in wordsC. Minor recovered with the help of MurrayD. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor20. Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor?A. Brave and determined.B. Cautious and friendly.C. Considerate and optimistic.D. Unusual and scholarly.21. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The history of the English language.B. The friendship between Murray and Minor.C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary.D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients.BIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States，many Americans are turning to Japan，a country of high academic achievement and economic success，for possible answers.However，the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find.In most Japanese preschools，surprisingly little stress is put on academic instruction.In one investigation(调查)，300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers，child development specialists，and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education.Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents(答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.On the contrary，over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices.To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and mathematics，but rather skills such as persistence(毅力)，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education，91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.Sixtytwo percent of the more individually oriented(强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices.A stress on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into primary school education.Like in America，there is diversity(多样性) in Japanese early childhood education.Some Japanese kindergartens have clear aims，such as early musical training or potential development.In large cities，some kindergartens are attached to universities that have primary and middle schools.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a universitybased program，it will increase the childrens chances of eventually being admitted to toprated schools and universities.Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing(智力化) in some Japanese kindergartens.22We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe _AJapanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parentsBJapans economic success is the result of its scientific achievementsCJapanese preschool education attaches greater importance to academic instructionDJapans higher education is better than theirs23In Japans preschool education，the focus is on _Apreparing children academicallyBdeveloping childrens interests in musicCdiscovering childrens potentialDshaping childrens character24Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to _Alighten childrens study loadBencourage childrens creativityCbroaden childrens viewsDenrich childrens knowledge25Why do some Japanese parents send their children to universitybased kindergartens?AThey can have no problems in their future studies.BThey can have clear aims in life.CThey can succeed in developing in every way.DThey can have better chances of getting a firstrate education.书面表达假如你是李华，你校学生会于2013年2月15日下午举行“校园书市(a campus book fair)”活动。请你写封email给你的美国笔友Peter，告诉他此次活动的有关情况。1活动目的：(1)给同学们提供一个交换图书的机会；(2)更好地利用读过的书。2具体内容：(1)把你不想保留的书拿到书市上出售；(2)购买你喜欢的书；(3)交换图书。3谈谈你的感想、收获和体会。注意：1.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。2词数：120左右。Hello Peter！How are you going these days?_Looking forward to hearing from you!Love，Li Hua参考答案课时作业(四十).A这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津词典的编写过程，以及Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。16D细节理解题。从最后一段的“Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed.”看出A选项是不正确的；从第二段的“Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England.”看出牛津词典是集体智慧的结晶；由第一段最后一句中“It would include every English word possible”可知，C项不正确。故选D。17C细节理解题。从第三段的“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray”看出，Minor提供了大量词汇和引文。故选C。18A细节理解题。从第四段的“Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a booklined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.”看出，是由于Minor患精神病被关进医院里，所以没有办法去牛津。故选A。19B细节理解题。从第二段Minor自愿加入编词典这个活动可知，他对此很感兴趣，与Murray有着共同的兴趣，再从文章倒数第三段的“Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years.”可找到答案。故选B。20D推理判断题。根据文章中Minor在患精神病住院期间还坚持词典的编写工作看出他的不寻常；从文章倒数第三段的“Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years.”看出他的学者风范。故选D。21C主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津词典的编写工作，后半部分主要写编者Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。故选C。B这是一篇讲述日本学前教育的材料，文章指出日本学前教育的侧重点和对集体主义的重视，以及教育内容的丰富多样性。22C事实细节题。根据第一段“the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little stress is put on academic instruction.”可知，美国人的看法应该是日本的学前教育非常重视专业技术知识的传授，因此C项是正确答案。23D事实细节题。由第一段倒数第二句“To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and mathematics，but rather skills such as persistence，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.”可知，在日本的学前教育中，老师并不教孩子读写和数学，而是重视培养孩子的素质，教育孩子们学会持之以恒、集中精力，并能融入集体之中。所以D项正确。24A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.”可推测free play是用来减轻学生学习压力的，所以A项正确。25D推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“it will increase the childrens chances of eventually being admitted to toprated schools and universities.”可知，孩子们参加universitybased项目可以有更好的机会得到高等教育。故D项正确。.One possible version：Hello Peter！How are you going these days?In order to provide us students with an opportunity to exchange books and make better use of our used books, our Students Union held a campus book fair on the afternoon of February 15，2013.At the book fair, students could sell unwanted books, buy books they needed or simply trade books with each other. Like other fairs of this kind, prices were typically very low. Happily, I not only got rid of several books but also bought a few books I really wanted.As far as Im concerned, I like this activity, which is beneficial to us students. On the one hand, I felt my social skills had been well practiced and improved. On the other hand, this activity also gave us an excellent opportunity to feel a bit of the real world. I wish more events like this book fair would be held in our school.Looking forward to hearing from you!Love，Li Hua 良好的人际关系是构建和谐社会的关键。假设你是李华，最近你校组织学生围绕“中学生如何交友？”这一话题展开讨论。请根据下表的提示，为某英语报的“Voice Your Opinions”栏目写一篇稿件，反映你们讨论的情况，并谈谈你对如何交友的看法。为何交友建立良好的人际关系，构建和谐社会交友对象学习上互相学习，共同进步生活上互相帮助，摆脱烦恼情感上互相交流，同甘共苦如何交友（提出你的建议）注意：1对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2词数120左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数；3参考词汇：和谐的harmoniousRecently we students had a heated discussion on how to make friends._3. 参考范文：Recently_we_students_had_a_heated_discussion_on_how_to_make_friends.As well all know，good relationship plays an important role in building a harmonious society.Many of us think we should make friends with those who can help us with our studies so that we can learn from each other and make greater progress.Others believe they should have friends who can help them deal with some problems in life.Still others hold that they should have friends who are willing to listen to them and share their joys and sorrows.In my opinion，to make friends，we should be friendly and helpful to others.Besides，we should learn to care about others and listen to them patiently.In brief，true friends are like sunshine that brightens our life.*结束 阅读理解The crops we produce in the UK and around the world could change with climate.The weather is an important part in farming and changes in temperature will strongly affect crops growth.For the UK，temperature rises look likely to mean the crops normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown further north.The UN believes there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.This would be similar to the south of England in 2060，having the kind of weather the Loire Valley，in France，experiences now.Due to an increase in drought and heat waves，the types of crops grown in the UK will have to change，which doesnt have to be a bad thing for us.Products which havent been farmed over here before，such as sweet corn，sunflowers，and maize for cereals，could all provide new business for farmerscertainly in the southeast.However，if farming practices do change in this country，procedures will have to be put in place beforehand as introducing something new to farmland involves a lot of preparations.Also，irrigation systems may need to be improved so that rain from winter can be stored for summer as it is hot.Researchers are already finding those pests，such as aphids，which are starting to hatch earlier in the year.In the last 1015 years theyve been arriving in spring time and the population of aphids appears to be growing，too.Aphids are a real problem as they can cause so much damage to crops，and if theyre arriving earlier in the year especially when the crops are fragile，they can cause more damage than they used to.16It is quite possible that the author comes from _.Athe UKBthe UNCFranceDScotland17The underlined word “This” in the second paragraph means_.Athe kind of weather the Loire Valley，in France，experiences nowBthe south of England in 2060 will have the kind of weatherCthe UNs belief that there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warmingDthe UKs temperature rises meaning the crops growing in the south will be able to be grown further north18The main idea of this passage is that_.Athe crops raised in the south will be transplanted to the north in 2060Btemperature rises will bring about either good or bad effectsCthe climate has a strong influence on cropsDglobal warming causes more positive effects than negative ones19To go well with the changes of farming practices as a farmer，_.Aone must be prepared beforehand for farming proceduresBone can do nothing but beg for the Gods mercyCone should build more irrigation systemsDone will have to kill more pests，for example，aphids20Which is the correct order of the following things according to the article?aThe temperature goes up.bThe aphid hatches earlier.cThe aphid population increases.dThe fragile crops are eaten up.Aa，b，c，dBb，c，a，dCa，c，d，bDa，b，d，c.书面表达假如你是李华，负责接待来你校访问的英国教育代表团。请你用英文完成一篇口头通知，告知他们今明两天的安排。内容如下：今天上午由你带着参观学校；中午在餐厅和同学们一起吃午饭；下午由代表团的英国老师John为高二四班上一节英国地理课。明天上午代表团团长Taylor先生在报告厅作关于英国教育情况的讲座；下午参观邯郸市博物馆和丛台公园。注意：1.词数100左右，必须包含以上所有要点；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头已写好，但不计入总词数。参考词汇：代表团 delegationLadies and gentlemen，may I have your attention please？_16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A参考范文Ladies and gentlemen,may I have your attention please? Welcome to our school! Here is a arrangement for your visit.This morning,Im going to show you around our school.During lunch time,you will have dinner with some students in the school dining hall,where you can have a free talk with students from different classes.This afternoon,students of Class 4,Grade 2 will enjoy a lesson about British geography,given by Mr.John.Tomorrow morning,Mr.Taylor,leader of the delegation,will give a lecture about the education of Britain in the lecture hall.After lunch,we will visit the Handan Museum as well as the Congtai Park.Thats all.Thank you.Any questions?
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