2013年高考英语二轮专题思路点拨及增分训练 阅读理解8

2013高考英语二轮专题思路点拨及增分训练阅读理解08【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布 高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐而科普类文章往往具有跨学科行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握【试题特点】 注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象 贴近学生的学习生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析解决实际问题的能力(4)科学方法图示判断题 科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies_ .A.between Arizna and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .二、此类题的设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.The word “.”in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in the passage,the phrase “.”suggests.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.The word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。How to Save on Sightseeing New York City AttractionsWith so many unique attractions, world-famous museums, theaters, and skyscrapers there is always plenty to do in New York However, sightseeing, in New York City might not be the easiest or the cheapest experienceThis is why our team of real, life-long New Yorkers has created the New York Pass If you want to discover the best of what this amazing city offers while still saving some time and money on your visit, the New York Pass is something you should be interested inHow You Benefit from The New York Pass?Free entry to over 50 attractions Empire State Building, Statue of Liberty, Museum of Modern Art, Madison Square Garden Tour, NBC Studio Tours, New York Aquarium& many othersFree 140-page guidebook in English, German & Spanish, containing hours of operation, maps and directions to every tourist attraction , shop and restaurantLine skipping privileges（特权）As a New York Pass holder you are entitled (享有权利)to fast track entry to the New York City s busiest attractionsOver 650 worth of entrance feesthats how much it would cost if you visited all the attractions that New York Pass grants entrance to wihtout using the New York Pass That doesnt even include the additional discounts you receive for having a NY Pass100% Risk Free, Money Back GuaranteeNew York Pass insurance gives you extra comfort in case your travel plans change, offering refund on non-used PassesPlese Note:You can visit as many attractions as you wanteven more with the time saved with fast track entry You dont need to carry too much cash and the New York Pass keeps control on your spendingNew York Pass Prices;Offer Ends : Fri 13 Feb 2009ProductPrice1 Day Adult Pass$751 Day Child Pass$552 Day Adult Pass$1102 Day Child Pass$903 Day Adult Pass$140 $1123 Day Child Pass$120 $967 Day Adult Pass$180 $1447 Day Child Pass$140 $ 11260What is the main purpose of this passage?ATo attract tourists to New YorkBTo describe how to use the New York PassCTo introduc the New York PassDTo explain why the New York Pass is created61What benefit can you get from the New York PassAYou can change your travel plans as you like,BYou can get the free guidebook in four languagesCYou dont have to carry cash with you DYou can visit the Statue of Liberty for free62Jack and his two kids will visit New York for three days in January in 2009,how much should he pay for the New York Pass?A 304 B 380 C420 D52063If the Empire State Building is too crowded, you can Aget the refund from the New York Pass immediatelyBenter it before others by using the New York PassCget more discounts and save more moneyDvisit many other attractions as long as you want参考答案 60-63、C DAB