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全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试 英语阅读(一)试题课程代码:00595I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Positive reinforcement (加强) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. to reduce their mental stressB. to point out their shortcomingsC. to increase their sense of successD. to make sports more challenging2. According to the passage, the sport setting is positive for young people in that _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. it enables them to find flaws in themselvesB. it helps them learn more about school lifeC. it provides them with valuable experiencesD. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途3. Many coaches and parents tend to criticize young athletes _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. so that they train harderB. believing that too much praise is harmfulC. in order to make them remember life lessonsD. without realizing that criticism may destroy their self confidence资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途4. According to the passage, parents and coaches should _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. train children to cope with stressB. help children to win every gameC. prevent children from repeated failuresD. encourage children to enjoy themselves and sports资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途5. The authors purpose in writing the passage is _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB. to persuade young athletes not to worry about criticism资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement in sports资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Friedrich Dobl, a Yugoslav (南斯拉夫人) working in Germany, was annoyed with traffic jams. At long weekends and holiday times when he wanted to get home quickly, he always found himself moving slowly with hundreds of other cars along the crowded foreign workers route through Germany and Austria.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途How easy it all was for police and emergency services! A siren (警报器), a flashing light? And like magic everyone was out of the way. Going home from work one night, he passed a garage. And there in front of him was the answer to his problem. An old ambulance was for sale. The red cross had been removed. But not the flashing light, and the siren. He tried the light. It flashed magnificently. He tried the siren. That too sounded impressive. He bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a dream world of motoring.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途It began early in the morning, all his luggage in the back of the ambulance and the motorway in Germany looking reasonably clear. Soon, as always, a long line of traffic appeared ahead. He switched on the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars swiftly slowed and pulled off the fast lane. Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own. In record time he crossed the border into Austria. His trick was working. Police even waved him through the confusion caused by an accident.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途But then the Yugoslav made his bad mistake. Until then he had only stopped for petrol. Now he was driving past a real accident, lights flashing, too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam as he assumed. They stopped him, and after hearing the story of his ride across two countries fined him 12.5 pounds.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途6. At long weekends and holiday times Friedrich Dobl used to _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. drive home in GermanyB. meet other foreign workersC. get caught in terrible traffic jamsD. get to the workplace by a quick route7. The reason why Dobl decided to buy the ambulance was that _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. he had always wanted oneB. he wanted to sell it at a higher priceC. he liked the red cross and the flashing lightD. he knew that other cars would make way for an ambulance资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途8. In what condition was the ambulance he bought?A. It was shabby and untidy.B. The siren worked wonderfully.C. The light did not flash properly.D. The red cross was vaguely seen.9. Armed with the ambulance, Dobl found that _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. all the cars stopped and made way for himB. the police were busy clearing the way of traffic资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. it was such fun to get out of the traffic confusion in Germany资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. he could cross the border into Austria in the shortest possible time资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途10. The most appropriate title for the story would be _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. A Happy Drive! B. A Tough Drive!C. A Safe Way Home? D. A Quick Way Home?Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such a balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any other field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge.The attention of the public is continually drawn to the discovery of new knowledge; it should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途11. According to the 1 st paragraph, the task of education is fairly complicated because _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. the public school has no choice of what to teach资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途B. it is difficult to choose what to teach in public schools资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. the current public school system is too complex to be understood资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途12. Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. A democratic nation needs a lot of well-educated citizens.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途B. We depend much on science and technology for our progress.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. The educators are required to lay emphasis on some particular field.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. Elementary science should be taught on a mass basis in public schools.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途13. According to the author, the balance among the branches of knowledge is very necessary because such a balance _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. would benefit the growth of gifted studentsB. would ensure the students grasp of new knowledge资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. involves both the natural sciences and the social sciences资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. facilitates the training of effective reasoning and wise decision-making资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Most people take great interest in classical knowledge.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途B. Sufficient attention should be given to basic knowledge.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. The discovery of new knowledge is particularly important.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. Classical knowledge is more popular than current knowledge.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途15. The passage centers on _.A. the balance in educationB. the importance of educationC. the balance between basic and new knowledgeD. the balance among different branches of knowledge资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Regular interaction or familiarity seems to increase liking; often, the people we interact with the most are simply those who are closest to us. A classic study by Festinger found that residents of an apartment complex tended to interact with, and like those who happened to live on the same floor more than those who lived on other floors or in other buildings. The researcher did not analyze this phenomenon in terms of the development of in-group versus out-group perceptions and biases, but such an analysis might prove interesting. Likewise, when classroom seating is alphabetical (依字母顺序的), students are more likely to be friends with people who share the same initial.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途There are two major explanations for the relation between proximity (接近) and liking. The first is simple availability. If most people are nice and easy enough to approach, it follows that proximity will determine who you get to know and, therefore, like. The second explanation is based on the mere exposure effect, that is, simple familiarity increases liking for a person or object that is not necessarily likeable. The mere exposure effect has been demonstrated in the laboratory with some meaningless syllables, which people find more pleasing after they have repeated them several times. It seems reasonable to conclude that repeated exposure to people in proximity to us leads us to like them more.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途16. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. Liking and Similarity.B. Proximity and Liking.C. Availability and Friendship.D. Interaction and Relationship.17. According to the passage, the researcher studies the phenomenon on the basis of _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. perceptions of membershipB. the development of friendshipC. in-group versus out-group biasesD. the degree of familiarity among people18. The organizational pattern of the passage can be best described as _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. opinion-proofB. problem-solutionC. phenomenon-reasonD. comparison-contrast19. The experiment on the meaningless syllables is intended to demonstrate that _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. most people are friendly at first sightB. simple familiarity increases liking for a person资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. students will definitely become friends in the classroom setting资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. irritation with someone at the first meeting usually leads to disliking资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途20. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. we tend to interact with people closest to usB. teachers like the students seated in the frontC. interaction is more likely to happen between neighbors资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. we tend to like people who share our attitudes and opinions资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途II. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Passage 5Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols are very colorful and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn and instruct people.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途21. All of the following can be used internationally EXCEPT _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. spelling B. motions C. sign language D. picture signs22. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. There are many forms of communication in existence.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途B. Verbalization is the most common form of communication.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. The deaf and the mute use a verbal form of communication.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. Body language may be equally effective in transmitting ideas or thoughts.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途23. Besides oral speech, which form of communication is most commonly used by the blind people?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. Braille.B. Signal flags. C. Body language.D. Gestures.24. How many forms of communication are mentioned in the third paragraph?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. Seven. B. Six. C. Five. D. Four.25. Which of the following best summarizes this passage?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more quickly.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途B. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more accurately.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. Nonlinguistic language is more expressive than verbalization.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. Nonlinguistic language also expresses human thoughts and feelings.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Passage 6Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途American workers continue to demand shorter and shorter working hours each week. The possibility of a four-day working week is now being seriously considered; some companies are already experimenting with it. Since machines have helped to reduce the time needed for work, at the office, factory, and in the home, men and women have more leisure time today than ever before in the countrys history.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途It is tree that much leisure is used in play. America is a country of sports-of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sport on television, play in community orchestras, make their own films or recordings, go camping, visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途America is a do-it-yourself country. The people enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a self-improvement country. More than 25 million adults continue their education, chiefly by going to school in the evening, during their own free time, at their own expense. Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans also devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities. Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途26. Which of the following best reflects the style of the passage?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. Informative. B. Persuasive.C. Entertaining. D. Descriptive.27. The proposal of a four-day working week in America _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. has been accepted B. is unlikely to be accepted资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. is under consideration D. has been widely put into practice资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途28. What makes the reduction of working hours possible?资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. Machines have helped to reduce working time.B. Americans have more leisure time than working time.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. A four-day working week has proved to be successful.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途D. Men and women need more leisure time than ever before.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途29. According to the passage, America may NOT be described as _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. a country of sports B. a country of film making资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途C. a do-it-yourself country D. a self-improvement country资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途30. In addition to the time devoted to personal activities, a great amount of free time is also spent on _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途A. further education B. community servicesC. making the films and recordings D. watching sports on TV资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途III. DISCOURSE CLOZEThe following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary).资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途English is now the international language for airline pilots, scientists, medical experts, businessmen and many others. Consequently, more and more people are learning it. The BBCs English teaching programs are broadcast daily to four continents (31) _. Films and video are on the air or used in institutions in over 100 countries. All this helps to add more speakers to the estimated 100 million (32) _. The rush to learn English has reached even China. The main reason for the upsurge (上升) in interest is (33) _.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Unlike many other widely used languages, English can be correctly used in a very simple form with less than one thousand words and (34) _. This was pointed out in the 1920s by two Cambridge scholars, Ogden and Richards, (35) _. Another reason for the popularity of English is that English-speaking countries are spread throughout the world. An estimated 310资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途million people in Britain, the U.S.A., Canada, Australia, South Africa, etc. (36) _. Also in former British colonial areas in Africa and Asia (37) _, no common language has been found which would make a suitable substitute for English.资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途In Delhi, although nationalists would prefer to phase out (逐步停止) the use of English, the man from South India finds English more acc
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