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8BUnit 1 Past and PresentGrammar(B)Learning aims 1.能够在语境中正确运用现在完成时。能够在语境中正确运用现在完成时。2.运用现在完成时谈论发生在过去并与现运用现在完成时谈论发生在过去并与现在有联系的事情。在有联系的事情。3.理解并运用常与现在完成时连用的时间理解并运用常与现在完成时连用的时间表达方式。表达方式。Did it.?Has it.?Did they.?Have they.?Did they.?Have they.?Did he.?Has he.?Did she.?Has she.?Has it.?Did it.?她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。She has been to Shanghai before.他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。He has studied English for five years.Have a try!现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与连用，如:already,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to never,ever,just,yet,before,up to now,so far,for the last few weeksnow,so far,for the last few weeks等,表示“”所发生的动作.还可以和(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示连用，如:now,now,today,this morning(afternoon,today,this morning(afternoon,evening,week,month,year),these evening,week,month,year),these days,since,for a long time days,since,for a long time等.上一页下一页现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法一一.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事但动作或事情现在已经结束。情现在已经结束。上一页下一页Someone has just turned off the light.Someone has just turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了。有人刚把灯关了。)I have already finished my I have already finished my homework.homework.(我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业。)二二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或事情续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在但动作或事情可能仍在继续。继续。上一页下一页 I want to see how much the place has I want to see how much the place has changed since changed since I saw it last.I saw it last.我想看看从上次见到那地方以来它发生了多大我想看看从上次见到那地方以来它发生了多大变化。变化。I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去过颐和园吗你曾去过颐和园吗?)I have never had a car.I have never had a car.(我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。)四四.现在完成时还常与句型现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first This is the first timetime，Its the first time Its the first time 连用。连用。上一页下一页This is the first time he has driven This is the first time he has driven a car.a car.这是他第一次开车。这是他第一次开车。五.现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。上一页下一页What a boring filmWhat a boring film！一部多么令人厌烦的电影啊！一部多么令人厌烦的电影啊！Its the most boring film Ive ever Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。现在完成时的现在完成时的知识点检查知识点检查1.He_（write）the sentence yet.2._you_(修理)your bike yet?3.Computers_(come)into use _(近来).4._you_ _ _(看展览)recently?No.Is it about changes in Beijing over the past_(世纪)?5.He_ _ _ _(忘记标题),hasnt he?上一页下一页has writtenHaverepairedhave comerecentlyHaveseen any exhibitionscentury has forgotten the title一、一、sincesince短语或从句表示过去的动短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，作延续至今，sincesince之后的时间为一点之后的时间为一点。Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）上一页下一页二二、forfor短语表示动作延续多长时短语表示动作延续多长时 间，间，forfor的宾语为时间段。的宾语为时间段。1.1.We have known each other for We have known each other for twenty years.twenty years.（我们认识有二十年（我们认识有二十年 了。）了。）2.I havent seen her for a long time.2.I havent seen her for a long time.（我好久没有见到她了。）（我好久没有见到她了。）上一页下一页选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一页上一页 for后面应该接后面应该接“段时间”；since后面应该接后面应该接“点时间”或者或者“句子”。关键点：1since for 主句都用主句都用现在完成时现在完成时，主句动词为，主句动词为延续性延续性.2 since引导的从句通常采用引导的从句通常采用“一般过去时一般过去时”just,recentlyjust,recently是完成时的时间状语，是完成时的时间状语，just now just now 有有a moment ago a moment ago 之意，是之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语。The train has just arrived.The train has just arrived.（火车刚到。）（火车刚到。）Did you see Joan just now?Did you see Joan just now?（你刚才看到琼了吗？）（你刚才看到琼了吗？）Have you heard from your family Have you heard from your family lately/recently?lately/recently?（你最近收到家人的来信了吗？）（你最近收到家人的来信了吗？）上一页下一页1.I1.I_(lose)my pen just now._(lose)my pen just now.I I_ just _(lose)my pen ._ just _(lose)my pen .（我刚才丢了钢笔）（我刚才丢了钢笔）2.She_ just _(buy)a book.2.She_ just _(buy)a book.She_(buy)a book just now.She_(buy)a book just now.（她刚才买了本书）（她刚才买了本书）上一页下一页losthavelosthasboughtbought七、七、everever和和nevernever也是现在完成时常也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾曾经经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是后者意思是“从来没有从来没有”，表示全，表示全部否定。部否定。“Have you ever seen the film?”Have you ever seen the film?”“No.I have never seen it.”“No.I have never seen it.”（“你曾经看过这部影片吗？你曾经看过这部影片吗？”“没有，没有，从来没看从来没看过。过。”）Nobody in our class has ever Nobody in our class has ever been there.been there.（我们班没有人去过那。）（我们班没有人去过那。）上一页下一页八、八、alreadyalready和和yetyet常见于现在完成时常见于现在完成时中，有中，有“已经已经”之意。前者一般用之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yetyet在否定句中有在否定句中有“还还”之意。之意。“Has the bus left yet”?Has the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.”“Yes.It has already left.”“No.It hasnt left yet.“No.It hasnt left yet.“汽车开走了吗？汽车开走了吗？”“是的，已经开走了。是的，已经开走了。”“不，还没有开走。不，还没有开走。”上一页下一页 “already”用于现在完成时的肯定句中用于现在完成时的肯定句中,“yet”用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中.用用“already”“yet”填空填空 He has()visited many places in He has()visited many places in China.()China.()注意注意 already 在句中的两种位置在句中的两种位置.The train hasnt arrived .The train hasnt arrived .火车（到现在）火车（到现在）还没有到。还没有到。Has she arrived?Has she arrived?她她已已经经到了到了吗吗？Hasnt he come?Hasnt he come?她还没来吗她还没来吗？alreadyalreadyyet yet yetComplete their conversation using the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets with the correct time expressions.Simon:Have you_(travel)by plane?Daniel:No,I_(not travel)by plane_,but Ill fly to Sanya this summer.My parents and I will stay there for a whole week to enjoy the sun and the beach.Simon:Im sure youll enjoy the trip.By the way,did you know that my family_(own)a boat_ 1920?ever travelledhavent travelledyethas ownedsinceDaniel:I cant believe your family_(own)a boat _ over 80 years!Simon:In fact,you _(see)it in the sitting room.Daniel:Oh,yes,but thats not a real boat.Its only a model!Simon:I know,but it looks like a real one.Its just smaller.Daniel:I must say that its the best model I_(see).Simon:Thank you,Daniel.has ownedforhave already seenhave ever seen in the past few years in the past few years 意思是意思是“过去过去几年来几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间，可作现在完成时的时间状语；状语；in the pastin the past意思是意思是“在过去在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。常作一般过去时的时间状语。Great changes have taken place Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few in my hometown in the past few years.years.（过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）Where did you work in the past?Where did you work in the past?（你过去在哪里工作？）（你过去在哪里工作？）上一页下一页 before before泛指泛指“以前以前”时，可用于现时，可用于现在完成时中；在完成时中；agoago表示表示“现在的一段现在的一段时间以前时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间，是一般过去时的时间状语。状语。Ive never been to Japan before.Ive never been to Japan before.（我以前没去过日本。）（我以前没去过日本。）She went to Japan a year ago.She went to Japan a year ago.（她一年前去了日本。）（她一年前去了日本。）上一页下一页 even since even since、thenthen与与from then on(after from then on(after that)that)都有都有“打那以后打那以后”之意，前者是完之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。时的时间状语。Shes lived here ever since then.Shes lived here ever since then.（打打那以后，她一直住在这。）那以后，她一直住在这。）I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that.that.（打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。）打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。）上一页下一页动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一页上一页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen8.Mr chen _(give)up smoking since last year._(give)up smoking since last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一页上一页interview 采访采访 1.the changes to our school 2.the changes to your family 3.the changes in your study any topic you want to talk about 、了解一般过去时与现在完成时最基本的区别是一般过去时强调动作发生的时间现在完成时侧重动作的结果 2、牢记现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间连用，包括疑问词when3、知道现在完成时的两种特点（1）：过去对对现在（瞬间性动词）（2）：过去到到现在（延续性动词）
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