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第3讲非谓语动词,专题一语法知识,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period，_ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江苏，26) A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,解析句意为：在这段时期创造了大约13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析师认为的12 000个的预期数量。were created是谓语，因此exceed只能用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语。 A项having exceeded表示exceed的动作发生在were created之前，不符合语境； B项to exceed不能作伴随状语； C项exceeded表示主语与exceed之间为被动关系，也不符合语境。 故选D。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,2._ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京，3) A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled,解析,解析选项中只有B项能作句子的主语。如果动词作句子的主语，只能由不定式或动名词来充当。 C项常用来作状语，表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，用作本句的主语自然不符合语法逻辑。 句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together _ a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. (2018北京，6) A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared,解析,解析此处需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意为：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚到一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,4.Ordinary soap，_ correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. (2018北京，10) A.used B.to use C.using D.use,解析,解析因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应该选A项，即过去分词作状语，used correctly相当于if it is used correctly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _. (2018天津，7) A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.take,解析,解析句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,6.I didnt mean _ anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ it.(2018天津，12) A.to eat；to try B.eating；trying C.eating；to try D.to eat；trying,解析,解析句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,7.Many Chinese brands，_ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏，21) A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing,解析,解析句意为：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“_their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是主动关系，且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries，这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作，因此选A。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,8.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time.(2017北京，27) A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved,解析,解析句意为：现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们的宝贵时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,9.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.(2017北京，32) A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent,解析,解析句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。the happy time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式作定语。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,10.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，_ more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14) A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed,解析,解析句意为：医院最近获得了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,11.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_with students.(2016浙江，19) A.working B.work C.to work D.worked,解析,解析句意为：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun(in)doing sth. 做某事很开心，有乐趣，是固定搭配，故选A。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,12.Much time _ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江苏，24) A.being spent B.having spent C.spent D.spending,解析,解析句意为：由于大部分时间坐在办公桌前，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。由于句中没有连词，故前半句要用独立主格结构；time与spend之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,13.Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands.(2015湖南，24) A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left,解析,解析句意为：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，它们之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left.是“连词过去分词”作状语。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,诊断报告,解题方法,搞定非谓语只要这三步： 1.判断 “谓”与“非谓” 句子按结构分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果两个句子用连词进行连接，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。,典例1_ many times，but he still couldnt understand it. A.Having been toldB.Told C.He was toldD.Though he had been told,分析,分析用连词but引导并列句，因此，前面与后句一样也是个独立的句子，排除A、B两项；因though和but不能同时出现在一个句子中，故选C。,变式训练_many times, he still couldnt understand it. A.Having been toldB.Told C.He was toldD.Though he had been told,解析,解析分析句子结构可知，此处可用非谓语动词或状语从句。tell发生在couldnt understand之前，故用完成时态；tell和其逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，选A/D。,答案,2.确定与逻辑主语之间的关系 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要找到其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词的特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点： 1.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词； 2.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。,典例2_ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To see,分析,分析句意为：从塔顶看，这座山的南边脚下是树的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一个过去分词短语，在句子中作状语。see的逻辑主语是句子的主语the south foot of the mountain，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。故答案选A。,3.确定非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的先后 非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动作发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。,典例3Dina，_ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle,分析,分析句意为：Dina奋斗了几个月，想找个做女服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告社谋到了一个职位。因Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；且struggle发生在took之前，故用现在分词的完成形式。,审题要诀可概括为： 动词特点它均备，唯作谓语不算对。 主宾定状表补语，样样功能它都会。 成分、作用理分明，再把时间来核对。 最后严把语态关，考虑周全终无悔。,考点突破,考点1非谓语动词作状语,1._ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered,解析,解析句意为：那些书一周前已经预定了，现在有望随时到货。 order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故选D。,答案,2.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _ the sun and the stars. A.used B.having used C.using D.use,解析,解析句意为：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作方式状语，相当于by using the sun and the stars的省略。,答案,3._ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked,解析,解析句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。句子主语Steve与动词work之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。,答案,4._ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A.Catching B.Caught C.To catch D.Catch,解析,解析考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。这里逻辑主语是we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。,答案,考点归纳,(一)分词作状语 1.分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的等；作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，一般用过去分词。分词的完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。 (1)Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games. 由于来自父母的压力，以及认识到浪费了太多的时间，这个男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。(表示原因),(2)Having finished his speech，he answered our questions. 做完演讲后，他回答了我们的问题。(表示时间) (3)Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系) (4)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系),2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)，faced with(面对)等。 (1)Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room. 专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 (2)Dressed in a red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy. 穿着一件红色衣服，他更像一个女孩而不是男孩。,(二)动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间要形成主谓关系。在句子中可以充当： 1.目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式：to do，so as to，in order to等。 2.结果状语 在only/just to do结构中表示出乎意料的结果。 3.原因状语 在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth. 结构中作状语表原因。 4.固定结构 用于too.to do，enough to do，so/such.as to do结构中。,考点2非谓语动词作定语,1.The national park has a large collection of wildlife，_ from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30) A.ranging B.range C.to range D.ranged,解析,解析句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.从到(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。,答案,2.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _.(2017天津，10) A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught,解析,解析句意为：整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，且catch与a train之间是动宾关系，故用动词不定式作定语，用主动形式表被动意义。,答案,考点归纳,(一)分词和动名词作定语 1.分词作定语，表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。不定式作定语若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰。 (1)This is a problem discussed.这是一个已讨论过的问题。 (2)This is a problem being discussed. This is a problem which is being discussed. 这是一个正在被讨论的问题。,(3)This is a problem to be discussed. This is a problem which is to be discussed. 这是一个将要讨论的问题。 (4)He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。 2.动名词作定语表示用途，如running shoes(跑鞋)，a drawing board(画板)，a swimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候车室)，a walking stick(手杖)等。,(二)下列情况常用不定式作定语 1.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或any，the only等限定的中心词时，常用不定式作定语。 2.当被修饰词为特定名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的名词有decision，wish，chance，plan，time，effort，ability，attempt等。,考点3非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语,1.非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home.(2015陕西，18) A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken,解析句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。,解析,答案,考点归纳,1.后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，必须省去to的动词，即“听看观感使让帮”sb. /sth. do.。 听hear，listen to；看see，watch，look at，notice；观observe；感feel；使make，have；让let；帮help,2.动词keep，leave，set，catch及介词with后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。 (1)Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起，让您久等了。 (2)We cant leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。 (3)I caught him smoking a cigarette. 我碰到他正在抽烟。 (4)With a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out. 由于有许多工作要做，他不被允许出去。,2.非谓语动词作宾语 1.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked,解析句意为：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，安妮本尼迪克特继续感谢所有曾经在她的事业中帮助过她的人。go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事。拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”，所以选A。,解析,答案,2.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim? A.to go B.going C.go D.having gone,解析句意为：今天很热。你想去游泳吗？feel like想要，后面接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth. 表示“想要做某事”。D项having gone表示动作已完成，不符合语境。,解析,答案,3.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without _. A.recognizing B.being recognized C.having recognized D.having been recognized,解析句意为：那位影星戴着墨镜，因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词，后面接动名词形式；the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，即“being done”结构。,解析,答案,考点归纳,非谓语动词作宾语的四种情况： 1.介词后常常接动名词形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。 2.巧记只跟动词不定式的动词：R，WOLF HEAD MAP！(啊！狼头图！) Rrefuse；Wwant，wish；Ooffer；Llong(渴望)；Ffail；Hhappen；Eexpect；Aask；Ddecide，determine；Mmanage；Aafford；Ppretend,3.巧记只能跟doing的动词：MEGIDCAFEPS(谐音：卖给的咖啡不是) Mmind，miss；Eenjoy；Ggive up；Iimagine，include；Ddeny，delay；Cconsider；Aadvise，appreciate；Ffinish；Eescape，excuse；Ppractise；Ssuggest 4.既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语的动词，但两者意思不同。,mean,to do sth. 打算(想要)做某事 doing sth. 意味着(要)做某事,forget,to do sth. 忘记去做某事 doing sth. 忘记做过某事,try,to do sth. 设法做某事 doing sth. 试着做某事,go on,to do sth. 继续做另一件事 doing sth. 继续做原来做的事,remember,to do sth. 记得去做某事 doing sth. 记得做过某事,regret,to do sth. 对即将做的事表示遗憾 doing sth. 对做过的事表示后悔,stop,doing sth. 停止做某事 to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一事,cant help,doing sth. 禁不住去做某事 (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事,(1)Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. 临睡前记着关灯。 (2)I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers. 我记得在报纸上看到过关于这次地震的消息。 (3)Dont forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so. 别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。,(4)I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。 (5)I regret to say the job has been filled. 我很遗憾地告诉你，那个工作已经有人做了。 (6)I regret saying what I said.I shouldnt have said it. 我懊悔说了那些话。我是不应该这样说的。,3.非谓语动词作表语 1.While waiting for the opportunity to get _，Henry did his best to perform his duty. A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.to promote,解析句意为：当等待机会升职的时候，亨利尽最大努力履行他的职责。这里使用了get done结构，表示被动关系。,解析,答案,2.For those with family members far away，the personal puter and the phone are important in staying _. A.connected B.connecting C.to connect D.to be connected,解析句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected可作形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。,解析,答案,考点归纳,1.不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等。 (1)My goal is to be a scientist. 我的目标是当一名科学家。 (2)What strikes me most is to see him always busy. 使我感到惊讶的是总看见他很忙碌。 2.动名词作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。 (1)My favorite sport is skiing. 我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。 (2)Seeing is believing.眼见为实。,3.作表语的现在分词，往往具有形容词的性质，用于说明主语的性质与特征。过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构，往往表示主语所处的一种状态，有时候用于“getv.-ed”结构中。 (1)The report is very encouraging. 这个报告非常鼓舞人心。 (2)I got confused，even bored. 我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有点烦了。,4.非谓语动词作主语 1._the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Having ignored,解析句意为：忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看，will的前面部分是主语，因此用v.-ing短语作主语。这里表达一般情况，因此不用完成式。,解析,答案,2.Its standard practice for a pany like this one _ a security officer. A.employed B.being employed C.to employ D.employs,解析分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的“_ a security officer”；再根据句型“It isn.(for sb. )to do sth. ”，知选to employ。,解析,答案,考点归纳,1.动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。有时候用it作形式主语，常用于Its no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste of time doing等句式中。 (1)Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 (2)Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。,2.不定式作主语往往表示一个具体的动作、一种愿望、目的或未完成的事，通常用形式主语it代替。常见的it代替不定式作形式主语的句型有： It beadj.(for sb. ) to do sth. It ben.(for sb. ) to do sth. It beadj.of sb. (to do sth. ) (1)To stop the work now seems impossible. It seems impossible to stop the work now. 现在停止这项工作似乎是不可能的。,(2)Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 (3)It wont be easy for you to find a job. 找一份新工作对你来说不容易。 (4)It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。,考点4独立主格结构,The lecture _，a lively question-and-answer session followed. A.being given B.having given C.to be given D.having been given,解析句意为：演讲结束后，紧跟着是一个生动的互动环节。由于句中没有连词，故前半句要用独立主格结构；the lecture与give之间为被动关系，且动作发生在动词follow之前，故选D项。,解析,答案,考点归纳,1.独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 (1)Mary ing back，they discussed it together. 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。 (2)Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you. 运气好的话，我挣的钱将比你们所有人挣得都多。,2.there be句型的非谓语形式 (1)Ive never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我从未想到墙上会有幅画。 (2)I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job. 我希望她有很多机会找到工作。 (3)There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down. 路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。 (4)There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty. 已经两天都没有水了，所有游客都非常渴。,考点5“连词分词(短语)”结构,Children，when _ by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. A.to be acpanied B.to acpany C.acpanying D.acpanied,解析句意为：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和acpany之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词acpanied。此处是状语从句的省略，还原后是when they are acpanied by their parents。,解析,答案,考点归纳,分词短语作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用的连词有：when，while，if，though，whether.or.，unless，as if等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句的省略。 (1)Though left behind and feeling awkward，Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line. 虽然他被落在后面感到很局促不安，但是Jack坚持跑到了终点线。 (2)You should stay where you are，unless asked to leave. 你应该呆在你现在的地方不动，除非让你动。,考点6固定结构中非谓语动词的使用,He is thought _ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A.to act B.to have acted C.acting D.having acted,解析sb. be thought to.某人被认为，是固定句式。句意为：他被认为是举止愚蠢的，现在失去这份工作他只能责怪自己，不能怨别人。根据句意可知，他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以用不定式的完成式。故B项正确。,解析,答案,考点归纳,高频固定结构中的非谓语结构荟萃： 1.be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 2.There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 3.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事 4.be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 5.spend money/time (in) doing sth. 花费金钱或时间做某事,6.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 7.prevent/stop.(from) doing sth. 阻止做某事 8.with宾语 注意：在with复合结构中用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于宾语与其后的成分之间的逻辑关系。,doing(表示主动或正在进行的动作) done(表示被动或已经完成的动作) to do(表示将来的动作),专项训练,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.I find singing Karaoke _，for it takes my mind off my work for a while. A.being relaxed B.to relax C.relaxed D.relaxing,解析,解析句意为：我觉得唱卡拉OK令人放松，因为它让我暂时不去想工作的事情。find singing Karaoke relaxing是find的复合结构，relaxing是宾语补足语，修饰事物，意为“令人放松的，使人懒洋洋的”。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.The Lifelong Learning Programme _ to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe. (2018苏锡常镇一调，23) A.having been designed B.being designed C.designed D.designing,解析,解析句意为：这个旨在帮助人们参与到学习中的终身学习计划已经在全欧洲取得重大成功。design与主语是动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故选C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.Feng Chu，reported _ the National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology in 2017，is a post90s PHD candidate. (2018南通、泰州一模，22) A.winning B.to have won C.to win D.having won,解析,解析根据be reported to do/have done排除A、D。根据in 2017可知应该是已经得奖。故选B。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.The autopany succeeded in developing a new type of new energy vehicle，_ countless failures.(2018南通、泰州一模，28) A.experiencing B.to experience C.to have experienced D.having experienced,解析,解析句意为：在经历了无数次失败之后，这个汽车公司成功研发了一款新能源汽车。experience countless failures发生在succeed之前，用having done的形式。故选D。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.No one can avoid _ by advertisements. A.influencing B.influenced C.being influenced D.to influence,解析,解析动词avoid后接动名词作宾语，本题属被动语态。故答案为C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.Much disappointed _ as he is in the job interview，he still keeps his confidence.(2018泰州二模，4) A.to have failed B.failed C.having failed D.failing,解析,解析be disappointed to do sth. 对感到失望；由“he still keeps his confidence(他仍然保持自信)”可知此处强调这件事带来的结果对后面产生了影响，因此用现在完成时态。句意为：尽管他面试失败很失望，但他仍然保持自信。故选A。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7._ regular training in nursing，she could hardly cope with the work at first.(2018泰州二模，10) A.Not received B.Since receiving C.Having not received D.Not having received,解析,解析句中receive和主语she是主谓关系，用现在分词形式。且receive发生在主句谓语动词之前，用having received，其否定式是在前面加not。句意为：由于没有接受过正规的护理培训，起初她几乎无法应付这份工作。故选D。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.With so many orphans _，the charity organization calls for more donations. A.to look after B.being looked after C.to be looked after D.looked after,解析,解析句意为：有如此多的孤儿要照顾，这个慈善机构需要更多的捐助。本题考查的是with的复合结构，其用法为：withn.doing/done/to do/adj.。此处用不定式表将来。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9._ his eyes on the album，he thought of the happy time when he lived with his parents in that mountain village. A.Fixed B.To be fixed C.Fixing D.Having fixed,解析,解析句意为：目不转睛地看着相册，他回想起他和他父母一起住在那个山村的快乐时光。动词fix和其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，且与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，故需用现在分词，选C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings in literature，literary works _ it became more positive.(2018扬州期末，25) A.featuring B.being featured C.having featured D.featured,解析,解析句意为：一旦冬天在文学中对人类的威胁减少，以冬天为特征的文学作品就变得更加积极。句子主语由winter变为literary works，前后主语不一致，用独立主格结构。literary works与feature是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选A。,答案,
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