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九、词句猜测代词指代题,专题三第二节分类突破,感悟体会,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,感悟体会,(2018常州期末) GPS technology is one of the latest and greatest developments within the munications world.Also known as a “global positioning system”，this technology works off of radio signals sent out by satellites in space.Since a cell phone already works like a two-way radio when municating with cell towers，the GPS capability simply extends the radio signal reach to space satellites.Phones equipped with full-featured capabilities work off of Java-based radio signals and have database access to their providers system for other data like mapping and voices.Location tracking，and giving directions to and from destinations are some of the more mon uses for this technology.,GPS navigational systems are supported by a network of 27 satellites.These satellites orbit the Earth in cyclic patterns 24 hours a day.At any given time，a minimum of four satellites signals is accessible to any one point on Earth.Whenever a receiver device is activated，radio waves with coded messages are sent out to it.This is how satellites know to start tracking the device.A receivers exact location is determined through a process called trilateration(三边测量法) where three satellites work together to narrow down possible location points.A fourth satellite is needed if the receiver isnt on the ground and altitude is wanted as well.,Distance calculations are made based on how long it takes the radio signals to travel back and forth between receiver and satellites.The mapping capabilities are displayed on the phones screen via the cell providers database.,As a GPS device needs to do all kinds of calculations on different data from satellites and providers database，it consumes time.So it can take quite a few seconds for a regular GPS to work out a plan.An assisted GPS can help solve the problem.It is an improved technology that uses a cell networks Assistance Server which is connected to a reference network such as the Internet.Through the use of cell towers，a phone relays satellite signal information to the servers.These servers are able to process ining data at much higher rates than GPS receivers，so information is processed quicker，and is typically more accurate.,语篇解读本文介绍了GPS技术是如何在手机中运行的。,语篇解读,1.What does the underlined word “their” refer to? A.Satellites. B.Phones. C.Signals. D.Capabilities.,解析代词指代题。这个句子涉及到长难句的分析，equipped with.作为定语修饰phones，and连接两个并列的谓语，一个是work off，一个是have，所以and 后面的句子其实是 phones have database access to their providers system.，即their指代“手机的”。,答案,解析,2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the information in the text? A.Phone GPS is a new technology unrelated to a cell phones original functions. B.A mobile phone works as a signal receiver and processor in phone GPS system. C.Each mobile phone is assigned four fixed satellites for their coded messages. D.Mapping capabilities and distance calculations are affected by the speed of radio signals.,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，手机在GPS系统中的作用为信号的接收者和加工者。故选B。,3.What do we know about the Assistance Server in the Assisted GPS? A.It can speed up calculating process of a regular GPS receiver. B.It is part of the cell network directly connected to the Internet and the phone. C.It has a better functioning performance in processing received radio signals. D.It helps the Assisted GPS to receive different data more accurately in bad conditions.,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句可知，GPS设备需要对来自卫星和供应商数据库的数据进行各种计算，它需要耗费时间，而辅助服务器帮助解决了这个问题，因此可以说它在处理接收到的信号这一功能上表现更好。,名师点津,一、题型解读 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有： 1.What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which.” refer to? 2.The underlined part “it/that/they/which.”in Paragraph.refers to .,二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代 第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置 代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。 第二步：熟悉代词的含义 1.it/this/that可指代一件事。 2.it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。 3.which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。,第三步：替换核实再比较 1.用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。 2.比较所指代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。 例如：【感悟体会】中1题，画线单词所在的句子为“Phones equipped with full-featured capabilities work off of Java-based radio signals and have database access to their providers.”可知整个句子的主语是Phones，故their就相当于Phones。,随堂限时练,A (2018河南新乡二模) Throughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an orphanage(孤儿院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasnt essential：7makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品).I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world.,When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig 8pen.At first，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to 1uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The “hole”，as we referred to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an 2obstacle I could not overe，but in the end I pleted it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.,Ive always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but Ive never pletely stepped foot onto the path until Guatemala.Ive always tried to open my heart to everyone around me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor with thirty dollars a month，but it doesnt seem enough.Ill return there next summer and give more of my love for a whole month.,When it was time to leave，I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall，the most significant acplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。,语篇解读,1.What resulted in the authors decision to live a new life? A.Desire to help others. B.Decrease in his ine. C.A knowledge of the orphans life. D.Awareness of the difficulty in his life.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。故选C。,答案,解析,2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Removing the doubt. B.Uprooting the weed. C.Starting the faith journey. D.Creating the pig pen.,答案,解析,解析代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。故选D。,3.What did the author think of his experience in Guatemala? A.It was regretful. B.It was meaningful. C.It was interesting. D.It was frightening.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant acplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。,答案,解析,4.What may be the best title for the text? A.A Step into a New WorldB.An Awful Faith Journey C.A Great Success in LifeD.A Return of Confidence,解析标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant acplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故用A Step into a New World作为本文的标题最佳。故选A。,答案,解析,B (2018内蒙古包头一模) Vinegar is great.It makes salad，fries and dumplings taste better，and you can even clean your windows with it.And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan proved that.They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.This could mean that in the future，worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower.,The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis，a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather.It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions，it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸盐)the main 3ponent of vinegar. After discovering this，the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants before they stopped giving them water pletely.After leaving the plants for 14 days，they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived，while the untreated plants had dried up and died.,Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive.“In the experiment，we targeted the 4staple foods of the worldrice，wheat and maize.and proved successful，” Jong Myong Kim，co-author of the study，told Popular Science magazine. Kim has already been in touch with people around the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from farmers to panies and 5amateur gardeners.“Now we are trying to cooperate with them to make a method to apply this system，and make the process as simple as possible，” he said.Hopefully this means the end of hunger caused by bad weather in the future.,语篇解读,语篇解读本文是一篇科普类文章。文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象：给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐旱,5.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A.Vinegar may help creatures survive bad weather. B.Vinegar is found in plants by Japanese scientists. C.Vinegar is very useful for cooking a good meal. D.Vinegar is mainly used by people to clean houses.,解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。故选A。,答案,解析,6.Scientists in Japan find from their studies that . A.the Arabidopsis could survive in dry weather because of the shape B.soil condition could be changed by pouring vinegar continually C.the acetate can be used by farmers to replace the soil D.the plants treated with acetate could survive dry conditions,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.”可知，在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。故选D。,答案,解析,7.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Its too difficult for farmers to accept the method. B.How to decrease the cost is the main issue. C.The method is 6promising especially in agriculture. D.Keeping plants alive means a lot for scientists.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefully this means the end of hunger caused by bad weather in the future.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。故选C。,答案,解析,8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Japanese Scientists Find a Plant B.Vinegar Could End Hunger C.Vinegar and Food D.Plants Need Water,解析标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候，提高粮食的产量，从而消除饥饿。所以用Vinegar Could End Hunger作为题目较为合适，故选B。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1.This morning when we were walking along the street and found many fallen trees which have been uprooted by the storm. _ 2.Most petition cars will only roll over if they hit an obstacle. 3.Hydrogen is a key ponent of fuel cells.,连根拔起；根除,障碍；障碍物,组成部分，成分,4.Wheat may be Pakistans staple food，and milky tea is the national drink. _ 5.At the time，I was playing as an amateur for Cambridge University against professional county teams. _ (二)同义词语替换 6.Were trying to bring along several promising young football players. _,主要的,业余爱好者,hopeful,(三)一词多义 7.makeup n.化妆品；组成 (1)Even the genetic makeup of the virus is under debate. _ (2)Normally she wore little makeup，but this evening was clearly an exception._ 8.pen v.撰写；关(人或动物)；n.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈；钢笔 (1)The animals were penned up in cages. _ (2) I really intended to pen this letter to you early this morning. _ (3)Take a piece of paper and a pen and try to figure out how you know when your values are fulfilled._,组成,化妆品,关(人或动物),撰写,钢笔,(4)A pen is a small area with a fence around it in which farm animals are kept for a short time. _,(临时圈养牲畜的)圈,.长难句理解 1.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasnt essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品). 句式分析本句话是一个并列句，第一个and前的简单句是 结构；第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致，故省略了主语I，且这两个简单句为 结构；that wasnt essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury为 从句，修饰限定everything。,主系表,主谓宾,定语,精美译文_ _ _,因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事，我感动得留下了眼泪，开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西：化妆品和其他的奢侈品。,2.After leaving the plants for 14 days，they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived，while the untreated plants had dried up and died. 句式分析本句话是一个并列句，由并列词while构成，前后表示对比关系。while前面的句子是 结构，其宾语为宾语从句_ ，在宾语从句中treated with acetate作 ，修饰 ；while后面的句子是 结构。 精美译文_ _,主谓宾,that the ones,treated with acetate had survived,定语,the ones,主谓,丢下这些植物不管14天后，他们发现那些加了醋酸盐的植物活了下来，而未加醋酸盐的植物都干死了。,
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