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二、夹叙夹议文,专题二第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(20186月天津) No one is born a winner.People make themselves into winners by their own 1 . I learned this lesson from a(n) 2 many years ago.I took the head 3 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.,It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 4 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didnt even practice to 5 the game.Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated.I couldnt 6 I had got into such a situation.Thinking hard about it，I came to 7 that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia，but they were 8 me.I had to change my 9 about their ability and potential.,I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 10 .Most important，I began to treat them like 11 .That summer，when the other teams enjoyed their 12 ，we met every day and 13 passing and kicking the football. Six months after suffering our 14 on the spring practice field，we won our first game and our second，and continued to 15 .Finally，we faced the number one team in the state.I felt that it would be a 16 for us even if we lost the game.But that wasnt what happened.My boys beat the best team in Georgia，giving me one of the greatest 17 of my life!,From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18 the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers，I pushed and 19 them.I helped them to see themselves 20 ，and they built themselves into winners. Winners are made，not born.,语篇解读,语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己当教练的一次经历告诉我们：胜利者是创造出来的，而不是天生的。,1.A.luck B.tests C.efforts D.nature,解析联系上句“No one is born a winner.(没有人天生是胜利者)”可知，人们成为胜利者靠的是自己的努力(efforts)。luck运气；test测试；nature自然，天性。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.experiment B.experience C.visit D.show,解析联系倒数第二段中的“From the experience”可知，“我”从很多年前的一次经历(experience)中明白了这个道理。experiment实验；visit拜访，参观；show展览，演出。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching,解析联系下一段中的“Being the coach of the new team(作为新队的教练)”可知，“我”承担训练(coach)任务。operate操作，运行，做手术；edit编辑；consult咨询，查阅。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.successful B.excellent C.strong D.new,解析联系空前的old team和下文的“Being the coach of the new team”可知，这是老队与新(new)队之间的比赛。successful成功的；excellent优秀的；strong强壮的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.cheer for B.prepare for C.help with D.finish with,解析由空前提到的practice(训练)可知，训练是为比赛做准备(prepare for)的。cheer for为欢呼；help with帮助；finish with以结束。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.believe B.agree C.describe D.regret,解析上文提到“I was excited because I knew we were going to win(我很兴奋，因为我知道我们将会赢)”，但最后“我们”队输了比赛，这个结果是作者不能接受的，因此他不能相信(believe)自己会遇到这样的情况。agree同意；describe描述；regret后悔，遗憾。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.realize B.claim C.permit D.demand,解析联系空前的“Thinking hard about it(仔细考虑)”可知，此处意为“我逐渐意识到(realize)”。claim宣称；permit允许；demand要求，需要。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.reacting to B.looking for C.depending on D.caring about,解析联系空前的“my team might not be the number one team(我的队可能不是最好的)”和but(表转折)可知，他们依靠(depend on)“我”。react to对作出回应；look for寻找；care about关心，在乎。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.decision B.attitude C.conclusion D.intention,解析联系下段中“我”改变了自己的做法以及倒数第二段中提到的“the attitude(态度)”可知，空格处是指“我”改变了对他们的态度(attitude)。decision决定；conclusion结论；intention意图，计划，打算。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.pride B.culture C.fortune D.relationship,解析联系空前的“I started doing anything I could to help them build a little.(我开始做力所能及的一切来帮助他们建立一点)”知，空格处应是一个褒义词，pride(自豪感，自尊心)符合文意。culture文化；fortune运气，大笔的钱；relationship关系。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.leaders B.partners C.winners D.learners,解析联系上文的winners(胜利者)和倒数第二段中的losers(失败者)可知，“我”开始把他们当胜利者(winner)对待。leader领导者；partner伙伴，合作者；learner学习者。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.rewards B.vacations C.health D.honor,解析联系空后的“we met every day(我们天天见面)”和“passing and kicking the football(传球和踢球)”可知，其他的队在享受假期(vacation)时“我们”在训练。reward奖赏；health健康；honor荣誉。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.risked B.missed C.considered D.practiced,解析联系空后的passing and kicking the football(传球和踢球)可知，是在训练(practice)。risk冒险；miss思念，错过；consider考虑。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.A.defeat B.decline C.accident D.mistake,解析联系上文的“we were defeated(我们被打败了)”以及空后的“on the spring practice field(在春季的训练场上)”可知，是承受了在春季训练场上的失败(defeat)。decline下降，减少；accident事故；mistake错误。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.relax B.improve C.expand D.defend,解析联系空前的“won our first game and our second(赢了我们第一场比赛、我们第二场比赛)”可知，“我们”继续提高(improve)。relax放松；expand扩展，膨胀；defend保卫，保护。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.shame B.burden C.victory D.favor,解析联系空后的“even if we lost the game(即使我们输了比赛)”，空格处指“与强队对决本身就是一个胜利(victory)”。shame羞愧；burden负担；favor恩惠，偏爱，支持。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.chances B.thrills C.concerns D.offers,解析联系空前的“My boys beat the best team(我的队员打败了最好的球队)”可知，这是“我”生命中最令人激动的事(thrill)之一。chance机会；concern关心，担心，忧虑；offer主动提议。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.surprise B.serve C.interest D.affect,解析联系上文“我的队员踢得很好，打败了最好的球队”知，“我”的态度的改变影响(affect)了队员。surprise使吃惊；serve服务，提供，端上；interest使感兴趣。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.encouraged B.observed C.protected D.impressed,解析联系空前的“pushed(催促)”可知，空格处是指“鼓励(encourage)他们”。observe观察；protect保护；impress使印象深刻。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently,解析联系上句中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”可知，此处是指“我帮他们用不同的方式(differently)看待自己”。honestly老实地，诚实地；individually分别地；calmly平静地。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,名师点津,一、题型解读 夹叙夹议类的完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点： 1.事例观点：先叙述一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。 2.观点事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明。 一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。 3.观点事例观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。,二、解题技巧 1.分析结构，抓住作者观点。 在做题时大家要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。 看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。 2.重视首句，把握文章主题。 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。 通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。,3.叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。 夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。 在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。 所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。 4.抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。,随堂限时练,(2018和平区三模) Whenever we hear about “the homeless”，most of us think of the developing world.But the 1 is that homelessness is everywhere. For example，how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 2 country like Germany? Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 3 for the homeless of Berlin，Germanys capital.They first 4 in one long hot summer when most Germans were 5 on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches， 6 .,The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 7 . “What these people also need is warmth and 8 ，” says Rita.The Mullers didnt 9 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Rita 10 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 11 to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street. The couple were soon 12 all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing panies to 13 donations.Today，over thirty panies 14 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 15 them to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 16 new shoes.,Kurt and Rita receive no 17 for their hard work.“We feel like parents，” says Rita，“and parents shouldnt 18 money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 19 ，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 20 in the world.,1.A.result B.truth C.reason D.idea,解析result结果；truth事实，真理；reason理由；idea主意。每当我们听到无家可归这个词，我们大多数人就会想到发展中国家。但事实是无家可归的人到处都有。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.traditional B.developing C.typical D.wealthy,解析traditional传统的；developing发展中的；typical典型的；wealthy富裕的。我们有多少人能预料到在一个像德国这么富有的国家也有人住在大街上。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.preparations B.houses C.meals D.suggestions,解析preparation筹备；house房子；meal餐，饭；suggestion建议。根据后文的“Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches”可知，他们是为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭已经十一年了。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.began B.met C.called D.left,解析begin开始；meet遇到；call打电话，叫；leave离开。他们是从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始的，而此时大多数德国人都外出度假了。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.asleep B.alone C.across D.away,解析解析参见上题。asleep睡着的；alone单独的；across穿过；away离开，远去。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.brought up B.set up C.put aside D.gave away,解析bring up提起，养育；set up搭建，建立；put aside放一边；give away无偿赠送。库尔特和他的妻子待在家里做三明治，提供给无家可归者。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.enough B.necessary C.helpful D.expensive,解析enough足够的；necessary有必要的；helpful有帮助的；expensive贵的。由后句中的“What these people also need.(人们还需要的是)”可知，此处应该表达的是“穆勒夫妇意识到只有食物和衣服并不够”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.fame B.freedom C.courage D.caring,解析fame名望，名声；freedom自由；courage勇气；caring关心，关怀。他们还需要温暖和关怀。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.hesitate B.agree C.pretend D.intend,解析hesitate犹豫；agree同意；pretend假装；intend打算，想要。穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给了那些无家可归的人，并告诉他们随时给他们打电话。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.made sense B.found out C.made sure D.worked out,解析make sense有道理；find out发现，查明；make sure确保；work out算出，制定。前面说到穆勒夫妇把电话号码给无家可归的人，因此此处应是：丽塔确保家里有人随时接电话。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.open B.crowded C.noisy D.near,解析open开放的；crowded拥挤的；noisy嘈杂的，吵闹的；near近的，接近的。她们家对任何一个在街上不想面对又一晚流落街头的人是敞开的。be open to意为“对是敞开的；对开放”。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.costing B.wasting C.taking D.spending,解析穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了。此处用动词的过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。选项中，waste浪费，不符合句意；cost花费，常用句式是：It/Sth. cost(s).；take花费，但其主语一般是sth. 或形式主语it，常用句式是：It takes sb. some time to do sth. ；spend花费，主语是人，常用句式是：Sb. spends some time/money on sth. /(in) doing sth. 。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.pay for B.ask for C.look into D.carry out,解析pay for付出；ask for要求，请求；look into调查；carry out执行。因为穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了，所以库尔特去了几家食品厂和服装厂请求捐赠。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.Apletely B.calmly C.regularly D.roughly,解析pletely完全地，完整地；calmly镇定地，平静地；regularly经常性地，定期地；roughly大约，粗暴地。现在，三十多家公司定期地为他们的事业捐赠食品和其他物品。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.advertise B.sell C.deliver D.lend,解析advertise做广告；sell卖出；deliver递送，传送；lend借给。志愿者们帮助向无家可归者分发这些食品和其他物品。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.donates B.produces C.designs D.collects,解析donate捐赠；produce生产；design设计；collect收集。公众也捐献衣服和钱，而且一家制鞋商还捐赠新鞋。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.permission B.payment C.direction D.support,解析permission许可；payment报酬，付款；direction方向；support支持。穆勒夫妇没有因为他们的艰难工作而得到报酬。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.expect,解析borrow借；raise提高；save挽救，保存，节省；expect期望。我们感觉就像父母一样，父母是不应该因为帮助自己的孩子而期望得到钱的。其他动词都不符合句意。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.surprised B.excited C.tired D.amused,解析surprised惊讶的；excited兴奋的；tired累的；amused愉快的。尽管丽塔承认常常会感到累，但她说她会继续这项工作。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.profit B.difference C.decision D.rule,解析句意为：她会继续工作下去，因为她喜欢能够在世界上发挥一定作用的感觉。make a difference有影响，有作用。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,
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