资源描述
完形填空夹叙夹议类方法与技巧（1） 考纲要求 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。（2） 命题规律一、先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。二、作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。三、提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。夹叙夹议型完形填空的备考策略：夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：(1)事例观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理；(2)观点事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明；(3)观点事例观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。解题时，要做到：(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，他暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确的利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的；(2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确地把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。解题建议：一、抓住作者在第一句话中交代的人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点、事件的发生、发展以及最后得出的结果。二、不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，尤其要体味议论部分，因为该部分往往是文章的升华。三、要跟着作者的思路读全文，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。体验高考. 2016全国卷 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. And theyve never actually _21_ you. Everything they know about you _22_ through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. _23_ they feel they can know you _24_ from the sound of your voice. Thats how powerful the _25_ is.Powerful, yes, but not always _26_. For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met _27_， got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really _28_ me. I sometimes wished to _29_ another agent. One morning, I had to _30_ an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Ranis office _31_. The woman sitting at the desk, _32_ my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a _33_ smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the _34_ immediately. “What a wonderful lady！” I thought. Rushing out _35_ I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, whats your name？” “Im Rani，” she said. I turned around and saw a _36_ woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was _37_！ Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so _38_. Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis _39_ her warm smile, her nods, her “Im here for you” _40_ were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires. 21. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met22. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed23. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed24. A. rather B. also C. just D. already25. Atelephone B. voice C. connection D. impression26. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate27. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused29. A. promote B. train C. find D. know30. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book31. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in good time32. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding33. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced34. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list35. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully36. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant37. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless38. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever39. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skilfulness40. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept Dbehaviour21D根据空格前面的“formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.”和后面的“Everything they know about you”可知，他们了解你是通过你桌子上的电话，而不是通过和你见面而留下印象。accept接受； notice注意到； hear听见；meet见面。22A根据空格前面的“Everything they know about you”和后面的through this device可知，他们对你的了解来自这个装置。23B根据上下文的意思“虽然你们之间的距离很远，但是他们只要通过你的声音，就可以了解你”可知，这里是转折的关系，因此答案为B。24C别人只要通过声音就可以了解你。此处使用just表示强调。rather相当地；also也；just只是；already已经。25A根据下文的only by phone以及第一段中的信息可知，此处指电话。26D结合文章倒数第二段的“Why had I thought she was cold？”可知，作者通过讲述这个故事，说明了有的时候电话联系不太准确。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate正确无误的。27Ain person亲自；by myself靠自己；in public当众；on purpose故意地。A项与空前的faceless形成呼应，Rani是代理人，但是“我”从来没有与Rani碰过面。28A结合前面的her cold voice“她冰冷的声音”可知Rani的声音让作者感到恼怒，甚至想过要换一个代理人，这说明“我”对她的声音很反感。29C与前面的annoyed呼应，由于这个代理人的声音让作者感到恼怒，所以作者想换一个代理人。因此与find 的意义一致。30D结合空格后面的“an immediate flight home for a family emergency.”可知，因为家庭中的紧急情况，所以作者需要预订一个航班。31A因为情况紧急，所以作者第一次来到了Rani的办公室。32B结合空格前面的“The woman sitting at the desk”和后面的“my madness, sympathetically jumped up.”可知，坐在桌子旁边的那位女士，看见“我”的慌张，立即站了起来。33B结合后面的“nodded while listening patiently”可知这位女士对待作者的态度非常友好，因此B项符合语境。shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的。34C根据上文的an immediate flight home和下文的“Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport.”可知，这位女士马上给作者打印了机票。35C根据上文的“What a wonderful lady！ I thought.”可知，作者认为这位女士帮了自己大忙，因此作者非常感激这位女士。hopefully充满希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遗憾地。38B凭借在电话里的印象“我”认为Rani很冷漠，却没有想到实际生活中的Rani是如此善良。39C结合后文中的her warm smile, her nods, her “Im here for you”可知，Rani对“我”非常友好，并没有电话中的那种冷漠的感觉。forgiveness谅解；eagerness渴望； skilfulness熟练。40BRani友好的态度并没有从电话线中传递过去。B项指Rani接待“我”的友好的态度。故B项正确。explanation解释；attitude态度；concept概念；behaviour行为。2. 2016全国卷 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant _21_ Miller King, who was the best _22_ at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for _23_. Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from _24_. He looked very _25_， but he didnt cry. That season, I _26_ all of Millers records while he _27_ the home games from the bench. We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, _28_ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers _29_. One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller _30_ going over a fencewhich wasnt _31_ to climb if you had both arms. Im sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept _32_ from. But even that challenge he accepted. I _33_ him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally _34_ on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didnt tell you this during the season, but you did _35_. Thank you for filling in for _36_” His words freed me from my bad _37_. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was _38_ ahead of me. I was right to have _39_ him. From that day on，I grew _40_ and a little more real.21. A. cheering for B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with22. A. coach B. student C. teacher D. player23. A. practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure24. A. school B. vacation C. hospital D. training25. A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D. ashamed26. A. held B. broke C. set D. tried27. A. reported B. judged C. organized D. watched28. A. and B. then C. but D. thus29. A. decision B. mistake C. accident D. sacrifice30. A. stuck B. hurt C. tired D. lost31. A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit32. A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology33. A. let B. helped C. had D. noticed34. A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe35. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally36. A. us B. yourself C. me D. them37. A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams38. A. still B. also C. yet D. just39. A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired40. A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler22. D由后文内容可知Miller King是学校足球队最棒的队员。“我”要想成为学校足球队的明星，就必须要战胜学校里最优秀的足球队员。23. A由上文“all summer long I worked out.”可知为了实现梦想，“我”随身带着足球随时 “练习”， 故选practice。24. C由上文可知，就在九月份比赛开始之前，Miller被车撞了，失去了右臂，因此“我”是在Miller从医院(hospital)回来之后去看望他的。25. A 病人刚出院时面色是苍白的(pale)。26. B“我”打破了Miller所保持的全部纪录。break a record意为“打破纪录”。27. D由语境可知此时Miller是坐在凳子上看“我”比赛。故选watch。28. C“我”虽然被命名为最有价值的队员，可是“我”常常做噩梦。由句子间的逻辑关系可知，此处是转折关系。29. C梦中“我”常常因Miller的事故受到责备。此处表明“我”虽然成为校足球队的明星，可是“我”心里并不好过。如果不是Miller因意外车祸丧失了右臂，也许“我”不会有今天的成功。30. A一天下午“我”在经过运动场回家时，看到Miller在翻越栅栏时被困住了。由下文“如果你有两只手臂翻越栅栏不会有困难”可知，只有一只手臂的Miller此时遇到了困难。stick意为“卡住；困住；动不了”，符合语境。故选A项。31. B如果用两只手臂翻越一个栅栏是不困难的。故选hard。32. C句意：“我”相信“我”是这个世界上他最不想要接受帮助的人。assistance意为“帮助”。33. B由“But even that challenge he accepted.”可知，“我”帮助他慢慢翻过栅栏。34. D由“move slowly over the fence(慢慢翻过栅栏)”可知，“我们”最终安全地到了栅栏的另一边。35. A由“I was named most valuable player”可知，Miller夸“我”这个赛季表现得好。do fine意为“做得不错”。36. C Miller本来就是学校足球队的最优秀选手，只是因为车祸而与足球失之交臂，他感谢“我”为他完成了他没有完成的心愿。这里是直接引语，故用me。3.2016四川卷 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lainey finished third grade. She had good grades and could read _41_ grade level, but she did not like to read. On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her _42_. But Lainey took one look at it, _43_ her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！”Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. _44_ the youngest children in the class were _45_ by the story. They _46_ with great interest, and then _47_ joined in grand conversations about Harrys adventures.“How can you say its _48_？Have you read it？” asked Aunt Dede.“No, its too long and it doesnt have any _49_，” complained Lainey.“Oh, thats where you are _50_； there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to _51_ them. Its like magic.”“Nice try, Aunt Dede，” Lainey replied _52_ from the back seat.Another _53_ was in order. “Well, if you dont want to read it, give it _54_. Maybe your mum would _55_ hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud. By the end of the first chapter，_56_ were coming from the back seat: “Please read a little _57_”Lainey is an example of an _58_ reader. As shown here, Lainey can become _59_ about reading when _60_ with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process.41A.within Bon Cto D. above42A.daughter Bniece C. student Dfriend43A.opened Bdried Crolled Dshaded44A.Even BStillC. Just DYet45A.surprised Bannoyed C. puzzled Dattracted46A.read BtoldClistened Dwrote47A.suspectedly BanxiouslyCcalmly Denthusiastically48A.amazing BboringCridiculous Dhumorous49A.pictures BstoriesC. adventures Dconversations50A.crazy Bfoolish C. wrong Ddifferent51A.see B. matchCshow Drecognize52A.sourly BpatientlyC. eagerly Dshyly53A.idea BtryCbelief Dbehaviour54A.away BoutCin Dback55A.enjoy BadmitC. mind Dfinish56A.decisions B. requests Ccomments Dpromises57A.more clearly Blonger C. louder Dmore carefully58A.unpleasant Binnocent Cunwilling Dindependent 59A.astonished Bworried C. confused Dexcited60A.presented B. concerned Cdisturbed Dreplaced【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文通过Aunt Dede成功引导其侄女Lainey读书的事例向读者阐明了兴趣和榜样的力量会成功引导孩子进行阅读。43. C根据后面Lainey所说的boring一词可以判断此处为短语roll ones eyes“翻白眼”，表示“不屑一顾，不感兴趣”。44. A作为老师的Dede阿姨曾向她的学生读过这本书，学生很喜欢。甚至连班上最小的孩子也被其故事所吸引。even即便，甚至。45. D由下一句中with great interest可知孩子们被这个故事所吸引。 attract吸引；surprise感到惊奇；annoy使烦恼，恼怒；puzzle感到疑惑不解。 46. C他们很感兴趣地听故事。Dede为孩子们读书，孩子们听。47. D听了之后，他们热情地加入到对哈利的冒险的激烈讨论中。enthusiastically热情洋溢地，起劲地；suspectedly怀疑地， 猜疑地；anxiously急切地；calmly平静地。 48. B“你怎么能说它很无趣呢？你读过吗？”此处boring为前文复现。49. A“没读过，它太长了而且没有图片。”根据下文“there are lots of pictures.”可知。50. C由下文中“there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures”可知此处表示“那就是你错误的地方”。crazy疯狂的；foolish愚蠢的；wrong错误的；different不同的。 51. A每一页都充满了图片；你只是需要读这些文字才能看见它们而已。see看到；match比得上， 配得上；show给某人看， 展示；recognize认出。 52. A根据后文可知，Lainey还是不愿意读这本书。因此Lainey没好气地在后座上回答。sourly酸酸地，没好气地，不高兴地；patiently耐心地； eagerly 急切地；shyly害羞地。53. B接着(Dede阿姨)又尝试了一番。此处表示一个方法不奏效，于是尝试另一种方法。54. D“如果你不想读，那把它还给我吧。”根据后文的叙述，书被交还给Dede。55. A“也许你的妈妈会喜欢听这个故事的。”根据后面的叙述，Dede开始读书。enjoy喜欢；admit承认；mind介意；finish完成。56. B在第一章结束之时，后座上传来了要求：“请读稍微大声一点。”此处表达Lainey要求阿姨读大声一点。decision决定； request要求； comment评价；promise发誓，誓言。57. CLainey对此感兴趣了， 因此要求阿姨声音再大一点儿。58. CLainey是一个不愿意读书的人。unwilling不愿意的，不乐意的；unpleasant让人不愉快的；innocent天真的；independent独立自主的。59. DLainey可以对读书感到很兴奋。astonished震惊的；worried焦虑的；confused困惑的；excited兴奋的。60. A正如此处所展示的，Lainey可以对读书很感兴奋当呈现给她让她感兴趣的文学话题、当她周围的人向她示范参与这个阅读过程的时候。present呈现；concern涉及；disturb打扰；replace取代。4. 2016浙江卷 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2140各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。During the war，my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be _21_ him. I hated the place.I had never _22_ been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty，and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. The heat was _23_almost 125 even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). _24_ a soul to talk to. The wind blew nonstop, and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were _25_ with sand, sand, sand! I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was _26_ and coming back home.I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer. I _27_ be in prison! My father answered my _28_ with just two linestwo lines that will always sing in my _29_two lines that completely changed my life： Two men looked out from prison bars, One saw the mud, the other saw the stars. I read those two lines _30_. I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present _31_： I would look for the stars. I made friends with the natives, and their _32_ amazed me. They gave me presents of their favourite artworks which they had _33_ to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus.I watched for the desert sunsets，and _34_ for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean _35_. What brought about this _36_ change in me? The desert hadnt changed, _37_ I had.I had changed my _38_. And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing _39_ of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my selfcreated prison and _40_ the stars. 21A. off B. behind C. near D. beyond22A. before B. already C. then D. still23A. inflexible B. incomprehensible C. uncontrollable Dunbearable24A. Only B. Not C. Many DSuch25A. covered B. filled C. buried D. charged26A. catching up B. keeping up C. giving up Dgetting up 27A. ought to B. might well C. would rather Dhad better28A.request B. call C. question Dletter29A. comparison B. imagination C. consideration D. memory30A. over and over B. by and by C. up and down Dnow and then31A. company B. occupation C. situation Drelationship32A. movement B. reaction C. guidance Dpurpose33A. refused B. failed C. managed Dhappened34A. asked B. hunted C. waited Dheaded35A. floor B. surface C. rock Dlevel36A. shocking B. challenging C. puzzling Dastonishing37A. as B. but C. for Dor 38A. attitude B. principle C. identity Dstandard39A. vacation B. operation C. affair D. adventure40A. sought B. counted C. found Dreached21. C从上文提到的“I went to live there”以及下文的“I hated the place.”可知，作者随丈夫搬去了加利福尼亚。near him表示“靠近他”。22. A从上下文可知，作者非常讨厌且憎恨这个鬼地方，所以这里表示她以前从来没有这么不开心过。before意为“以前”。23. D从语境和下文的almost 125等可知，这里的天气实在是太热了，以至于作者难以忍受，故用unbearable，意为“难以忍受的”。inflexible僵硬的，不可弯曲的；incomprehensible不可思议的，难以理解的；uncontrollable难以控制的。24. B句意表示“甚至没有一个可以说话的人”，故用not。25. B从上文提到的“风不停地刮、吃的食物和呼吸的空气中到处都是沙子”可知，此处应用“be filled with”结构，表示“充满”。26. C根据上下文可知，作者感到很难过，所以写信告诉父母，她要放弃这里，准备回家了。give up放弃；catch up赶上；keep up保持；get up起床。27. C根据上下文可知，作者觉得与其生活在这里，还不如坐牢。此处would rather是固定词组，表示“宁愿”。 ought to应该；might well可能；had better最好。28. D从上下文可知，作者给父母写了信，故此处指父亲回了信。故选letter。 29. D从下文可知，对于这两行回信，作者这一辈子都会牢牢记住，同时下文也多次提到这封信对作者以后人生的影响，故根据语意选memory，表示“记忆”。comparison比较；imagination想象；consideration考虑。30. A从全文可知，作者对父亲回信中的这两行字一再地读。所以根据句意可知，选over and over，表示“一再，多次”，来突出作者对它的印象深刻。31. C结合上下文可知，此时作者觉得要找出当前状况中的“优点”所在就像父亲信中所说的“星星”。所以用situation表示“现在的处境”。company陪伴，公司；occupation占据，职位；relationship关系。34. B此处hunt for是固定词组，表示“寻找，追寻”。35. A结合上一空可知，百万年前的沙漠还是海床，故选floor。36. D是什么让作者产生了令人吃惊的变化呢？此处astonishing表示“令人吃惊的”。shocking令人震惊的；challenging富有挑战性的；puzzling令人困惑的。37. B根据句意可知，沙漠没有改变，但作者变了，所以根据语意选but表示转折。38. A从前文可知，变的不是周边的环境，而是作者的人生态度，故选attitude。principle原则；identity身份；standard标准。39. D根据语意可知，作者把这次不愉快的经历变成了其人生中令人吃惊的冒险历程，所以选adventure。40. C根据全文可知，最终作者从自我的牢笼里挣脱了出来，发现了那些美丽的“星星”。模拟新题精选1. 【安徽省江南十校2017届高三下学期开年第一考】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As the saying goes, roes given, fragrance in hand. I am always in the 41 of giving money to every beggar or homeless person I pass by. My friends say it is not good to 42 . We may come across beggars or homeless people begging every day and all beggars have their ability to survive. It 43 them that I never listenOn a 44 day, my friend and I were walking to the 45 when I passed a beggar lady. I had seen her several times before and had always given her a few 46 . That day, I gave her 2 Euros. I was waiting for the bus and reading a book when I 47 to see that lady standing in front of me. She 48 me a piece of paper covered in a plastic bag to prevent it from getting 49 . She stood there, looking at me 50 . Putting away my book, I took the paper, which 51 she and her family had to 52 their country because of floods, and she was 53 to support them. She had got a bit of money, but she needed 5 54 Euros to get home. I 55 in my pockets and found 20 cents. My friend 56 a 5 Euro note. I asked her to give it to the lady, and said that I would 57 the next day. When she got the money, the lady hugged us and said thanks again and again, and went on her way. Later on the bus, I wondered where her home was and 58 she had gotten to this country. In her story, I felt that my friend and I would always remain part of it as the 59 , who helped her get home on a rainy day. But for me, helping a stranger did bring me happiness , giving me a pleasant 60 .41. A. time B. way C. trend D. habit42. A. encourage B. expose C. evaluate D. envy43. A. delights B. annoys C. interests D. attracts44. A. rainy B. dry C. sunny D. cloudy45. A. airport B. bus up C. railway station D. downtown46. A. books B. suggestions C. cents D. roses47. A. turned around B. looked down C. looked up D. stood up48. A. asked B. begged C. bargained D. handed49. A. wet B. bu
展开阅读全文