2013年九年级英语上册 Module 2 Great books被动语态初探 外研版

被动语态初探英语句子有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如果我们不知道或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或需要强调动作的承受者，就要用到被动语态。 一、主动语态变被动语态的方法【例句】我们每天打扫教室。主动语态：We clean our classroom every day. 主语 谓语 宾语被动语态：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 主语 谓语 宾语【口诀】宾提前变主，主变介by宾，谓语“be + done”，状语不用变。【说明】主动语态变被动语态一般分四步：1. 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2. 将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构，即“be +动词的过去分词”；3. 将主动语态中的主语放在介词by后，by短语通常位于被动谓语结构之后；4. 主动语态中的时间、地点状语等在被动语态中不变。二、一般现在时的被动语态的否定、疑问形式一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式是在am, is, are后加not； 一般疑问句形式是将am, is, are提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是“疑问词+一般疑问句”结构。如：The desk is made by him. (肯定句)The desk is not made by him. (否定句)Is the desk made by him? (一般疑问句)What is the desk made of? (特殊疑问句)三、主动语态变被动语态时常见错误分析主动语态变被动语态时，初学者常犯以下两种错误：1. 误用人称代词Jim often sees us. 【误】Us are often seen (by Jim).【正】We are often seen (by Jim).【析】如果主动语态句子的宾语是人称代词，在变被动语态时要用其对应的主格形式。2. 混淆主、被动谓语结构Does he do a lot of work every day? 【误】Does a lot of work done (by him) every day?【正】Is a lot of work done (by him) every day?【析】不要把主、被动谓语结构混在一起，尤其在否定句和疑问句中。