中考英语任务阅读典型题例分析

中考任务阅读典型题例分析如何做好任务型阅读任务型阅读是在遵循新课程标准的基础上，根据任务型教学的任务设计而形成的一种新题型，它主要考查学生根据所提供信息具体解决实际问题的能力，同时还注重考查学生的阅读理解、分析理解、逻辑推理及社会生活的综合运用能力。试题体现了学生语言能力、智力能力和社会阅历三方面的有机结合。这种试题能够有效测试考生运用语言“做事”的能力，符合目前英语教学改革的方向。任务型阅读的常见类型及解题技巧综合类型的任务阅读一般是在问题设计上兼顾了前两种类型,既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、连词成句等，又有根据内容完成表格或图表信息，还包括文章标题的选择。完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。在明白题意和文意的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。回答问题型 也是东营市中考任务型阅读中近几年必考类型。就是给出一篇短文，题后设计几个问题（一般两个问题）。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解的能力，又考查学生的在文章中提取信息的能力。要求学生根据问题在文章中找出能回答问题的关键句子，或者需要自己组织语言回答问题。回答问题类应注意以下几个问题：一、先看题目再找答案，注意关键词。先阅读短文后所提出的问题，带着问题通读全文，对于词汇量大的学生来说，这样，可以迅速了解这篇文章的目的，从题目中可以概括出整篇文章的中心，把握文章大概意思，对于词汇量较小的同学，先读题目，注意特殊疑问词，找到每一个题目的关键词，画出每一个选项的关键词，即使整句话读不懂，也可以在文章中找到想对应的点，然后在研读跟问题相关的句子，关键词和短语等，在此基础上再结合上下文进行分析判断、逻辑推理和归纳提炼出问题答案的表述内容。 这里所谓的关键词，一般指比较明显的人名、地名和数字等较为明显的标志，还包括名次、形容词和动词等词。通常大部分问题是how, how many, when, what, 等开头的特殊疑问词。1、 when, where用这两个词提问的问题比较容易得分因为属于细节题。看到此处特殊疑问词when的考生就要注意在表述时间的单词或短语上标注记号，以便对照答案，再者，结合when迅速找准问题的关键词。2、 WhatWhat提问的问题可难可易，如果放在问题的最后一题通常不会太容易，需要分析全文方可得出大致的答案，这道题对考生语言表述能力也有一定的要求，因为不能从原文直接找到答案。3、 why,或 what-for用why, what -for提问的句子则是询问原因和目的，需要经过分析方能得出答案。4、 how用how提问的多数为做事方式，考生一定要注意找准动词以及修饰该动词的副词。二、要看清问题，不要答非所问。 从问题设置上从易到难，可以将问题总结为四种类型：1. 直接性题目：可以从文章的原句中更直接找到答案。2. 理解性题目：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。这需要整合上下文选择最适合的解释。3. 推理性题目：这类题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素进行推理，才能获得正确答案。4. 概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论和结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识和专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。三、表达要简洁明了，语法正确。 对于大部分尚未达到自由驾驭英语能力的同学来说，答案字数并非越多越好，而是多说易多错。同学们应当根据问题回答，绝不能拖泥带水。第一题通常是一般疑问句，只是一道送分题，只要回答yes 或no就可以得分。如果有能力，可以把后面的部分补充个完整；但有的同学考试一紧张，本来该写“yes, he does”的地方，忽然写上“yes, he is”结果因用错助动词而丢分。所以，如果要完整回答就务必检查拼写、时态和语法等有无错误，语句是否通畅。四、书写规范，尽量不要照抄原文句子。 有的同学对阅读材料理解比较模糊，常常会将原文中可能涉及答案的所有句子都抄下来，心想总会有一条接近答案，但事实上却常常丢分。其实，部分直接问题和理解想问题可能用到原文的句子，而推理性和概括性题主要考查的就是在理解阅读材料的基础上的表达能力，一般没有完整的原文可以抄，同学们需要自己组织语言，运用正确的句式结构来表达。英译汉题型是东营市中考任务型阅读必考题型。英译汉即把英语句子译成汉语。是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想完整而准确地重新表达出来,是正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文。这种题型检查考生对英语书面材料的准确理解能力,要求考生对原文的理解既准确又完整,翻译时不能有错漏。它常见于任务型阅读理解题型中。当然,译出的汉语句子既要尽可能忠实于原文,同时也要符合汉语的表达习惯。任务型阅读可以很多，但无论是哪一种，作为解题者都应按照“明确任务领悟任务分析任务解决任务复查任务”的步骤来完成任务。其中最佳的思路为正确把握要求与符合要求的条件之间的一一对应关系，该类的“对应”可能是 “主旨对应”，也可能是“情节对应”，还可以说是“细节对应”等，在做题时应注意以下几点：1 在明确任务这一步骤，同学们要认真审题。2 在领悟任务这一步骤，应认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题。3 在分解任务这一步骤，要仔细阅读题目，找出不同小题的不同要求，以便有利于为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。4 在解决任务这一步骤，应对照题目的要求，从文中选出符合要求的对应条件。5 在复查任务这一步骤，要再次快速对照要求和条件两条线将内容通读一遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确率。 另外，任务型阅读题型涉及到写，应特别注意大小写及书写规范问题，做到每个细节都能万无一失，保证做题的准确性和得分率。总之，只要在平时的学习中注意知识的积累，做题方法的总结，养成良好的学习习惯，提高阅读理解的能力，一定能把任务型阅读的任务完成好。中考阅读1.阅读表达 (共5小题，计10分)阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day in the year83You may fail in an exam if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before the examIf you are taking an English exam, do not only learn rules of grammarTry to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you canA few days before the exam, you should start going to bed earlyDont stay up late at night studying and learning thingsBefore you start the exam, read carefully over the question paper84 Try to understand the exact meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to writeWhen you have at last finished your exam, read over your answersCorrect the mistakes if there are any and make sure that you have not missed anything outA）根据短文内容简要回答问题。81Learning rules of grammar is enough to pass the English exam, isnt it?82What should you do a few days before the exam? B）将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。8384C）请给短文拟一个适当的标题。85 阅读表达答案81No, it isnt82We should start going to bed earlyDont stay up late at night （studying and learning things）83如果你这一年的大部分时间都懒得学习，只是在考试前几天才临阵磨枪的话，你考试可能会不及格的。84在你动笔答题之前，要把每个问题的确切意思弄明白。85A Good Way to Pass an Exam东营市中考题2. 阅读表达 (共5小题，计10分)阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。83If the only sports you do are dancing your fingers across your keyboard, you could be in serious danger of more than just becoming fat!Do you feel sleepy, like something is weighing down on your head? Do you feel forgetful? Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable up and down your neck and lower back, and you cant explain why? Do you get sick often? It could be radiation(辐射) from your computer causing it. If you spend three hours or more a day in front of a computer, (and at this point, who doesnt?) you are more easily harmed by these hazards(危害).84 We have got so used to using computers that we dont often think of them as dangerous sources(来源) of harmful(有害的) radiation. A safe amount radiation is 25 V/m(Volts/meter). Do you want to guess how much our personal computers give off? Keyboard: 1000 V/m Mouse: 450V/m Monitor: 218 V/mCPU: 170V/m Notebook computers: 2,500 V/mWays to Protect Yourself from Harmful Computer Radiation:1. Decorate your desk with cactus(仙人掌) plants, they take in radiation.2. Drink two to three cups of green tea a day and eat an orange daily. The vitamins in tea leaves and oranges protect us from radiation and keep our eyes healthy as well.3. Use a screen filter(过滤器) for your monitor.4. Avoid having metal objects nearby on your desk.5. Put the back of the computer to the wall. Most of the radiation comes off the back.6. Keep your monitor at least 50cm away from your face.7. Keep your computer rooms ventilated(空气流通的).8. Eat healthilyespecially fruits and vegetables.9. Dont fall asleep on your computer. Turn it off if you have to rest nearby.The ways above are useful, why not have a try at once?A. 根据短文内容简要回答问题。81 . Which is safer, using a desk computer or a notebook computer?_82. Which of the nine ways mentions diets?_B将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。83._84. _C 请给短文选一个适当的英文标题。85. Which is the best title of this passage? _A. Harmful radiation B. Computer problemsC. Protect yourself from computers D. Computer radiation: a silent killer答案:81. Using a desk computer is safer.82. Way 2 and way 8 mention diets.83. 如果你的唯一运动就是敲击键盘，你可能会处于比变得肥胖更加严重的危险中。84. 我们如此习惯于使用电脑以至于我们很少将他们看做有害辐射的危险来源。85D3. 阅读表达。（ 计10分）A man had a little daughteran only and much -loved child. He lived for her. So when she became ill, he became a crazy man. He tried everything to bring her health back.However, his efforts didnt work and the child died. The father was really sad, shutting himself away from his friends and refusing to do any activity. He didnt want anything to bring him back to his normal self until one night he had a dream.He was in heaven and saw a group of all the little children angels(天使). They were walking in a line. All the angels were wearing white clothes and each child carried a candle(蜡烛). He noticed that one childs candle was not lighted（点燃）. Then he saw that the child was his little girl. _2_he rushed to her right away and put her into his arms. He kissed her and then asked, “Why is your candle alone unlighted, darling?”“Daddy, they often light it again, but your tears always put it out.”Just then he woke up from his dream. The lesson was clear, and its effects were quick. From that hour on, he was not a sad father. He became cheerful with his friends. His darlings candle would not longer be put out by his useless tears.1. 从文中找出与下句意义相近的句子。 The father was too sad to communicate with others and to do anything. _2. 根据短文内容，在空白处填上一个合适的连词。_3. 根据短文内容，回答问题。 Why did the father become cheerful at last? _4. 将文中划线句子译成汉语。 _5. 根据短文内容，写出文章的标题。(7个词以内) _答案：1. The father was really sad, shutting himself away from his friends and refusing to do any activity. 2. So3. Because he hoped his daughters candle would not longer be put out by his useless tears. 4. 亲爱的，为什么只有你的蜡烛点不燃呢（不燃烧）呢？5. The Candle Was Not Lighted/ The Father Was No Longer Sad.4. 任务型阅读理解：仔细阅读下面的短文并按要求完成后面的小题。(5小题，每小题2分，共10分)Just as in face-to-face communication, there are some basic rules of behavior(行为) that should be followed on the Internet. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. Imagine how youd feel if you were in the other persons shoes.For anything youre about to send: ask yourself, “ Would I say that to the persons face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. If someone in the chat room is rude to you, you neednt to fire back. You should either ignore(不理睬) the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, be kind about it. If you do decide to tell someone about the mistake, point it out politely. At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯).询问别人诸如年龄、性别和家庭情况等隐私问题是不礼貌的。Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, or dont ask such questions.76. In the chat room we must respect others _ and _.77. When you find you make a mistake in the chat room, what should you do?_78.将划线部分翻译成汉语_79.选择一个适当的句子放在处_A. First impressions last longest.B. Everyone was new to the network once.C. The internet has opened up a whole new world for us.D. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything.80.将划线部分翻译成英语：_76. beliefs, opinions77. I should correct myself and apologize to those that I have offended.78. 你要设身处地为别人着想。79. B80. It is impolite to task others personal questions such as their age, sex and families.5.阅读短文，根据任务要求完成下面各小题Playing is serous business for children. In fact, its what they do best! Ask them why they do it, and kids will probably say, “Because its fun!” But its much more than that. Its also good for them.83 Studies show that from birth babies begin learning through play. They use their five senses to get know their new world. Touching allows them to discover how different things feel. Brightly colored toys and clothing help develop a babys sense of sight(视觉). When small children choose which toy to play with, they begin developing their abilities in making decisions. Children love toys that allow them to use their imagination. Sometimes an empty box is more fun than a high-tech toy. Thats because a box can become anything a child imagines it to be. Crayons, paints and Play-Doh(彩色塑泥) are also good because they allow children to crate. Traditional building blocks teach important pre-math skills like problem-solving.84 Playing doesnt become any less important once children start school. Many valuable(有价值的) lessons about life are learned on the school playground. Kids learn how to share, take turns and play by the rules.（一）根据短文内容简要回答问题。81. What can children do best in their childhood?82. What kind of toys do children love?（二）将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。83._。84._。（三）请给短文拟一个适当的题目。85. _81Playing/Play82Toys to develop their imagination.83研究表明幼儿从出生起就开始在玩的过程中学习。84玩的重要性不不因为儿童入学而降低。85The Importance of Playing / Children and Play 6. 任务型阅读：据要求完成下列各小题，并把答案写在答题卡的相应位置。_THE Earth is about 4,600 million years oldMany of the things that we have done are good，but many more are not good for the EarthPollution is(地球上的一种严重问题)In big cities Car and buses have polluted the airMany people in cities now have very bad health problems(工厂也对土地和水造成了污染)As a result, many rivers and lakes are flOW pollutedAll over the world，people have cut down millions and millions of treesDid you know many kinds of animals and plants are now disappearing(消失)?In particular, flees are very important because they produce oxygen (氧气)and control the climateNow, many people are beginning to take these problems seriouslyThey are making wind generators(发动机)and planting new fleesThere is a group in our class that picks up the garbage at schoolWhether the weather is hot or cold we always do itI think we are setting a good example to everyone elseI hope，in the future，the sky can be clearer, the water cleaner, and the land greenerThen both people and animals can have a greener Earth91请在出给出文章的题目。92请把的汉语翻译成英语。93请把的英语翻译成汉语。94请把的画线部分翻译成汉语。95请把的画线句子翻译成汉语。91Greener Earth(本题开放度较大，凡是能够表达“地球”、“污染”、“绿色环保”思想的，只要表达正确都得分) 92a serious problem on the earth/in the world 93Factories have also polluted the land and the water 94因为他们制造氧气并且控制气候 95我想我们正在给其他人树立好榜样。7. 任务型阅读 (共5小题，每小题2分； 满分10分)阅读下面的短文，并完成短文后的任务。Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I dont agree with them.Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources (资源), we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. (88) I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent (阻止) waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. (89) Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best.任务1：根据要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)86. List the wastes mentioned in the first passage: (within 15 words)_87. What problems can waste bring? (within 20 words)(1) _(2) _任务2：将短文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。88. _89. _任务3：请给短文拟一个适当的标题：(within 5 words)90. _86. ask for more food，forget to turn off the lights87. (1) Well be short of resources.(fresh water, coal or oil.)(2) Well have nothing to use and nowhere to move./What can we use in the future and where can we move?(评分要求：只要学生写出任意两种即可得分。)88. 我认为我们应该对那些天天浪费东西的学生说不。(评分要求：要求在准确、全面的基础上，翻译成较为通顺的汉语，并表达出作者的思路，关键词语为say no to。)89. 如果我们都尽力的话，将来有一天浪费就不会发生了。(评分要求：要求在准确、全面的基础上，翻译成较为通顺的汉语，并表达出作者的思路，关键词为can be stopped one day。)90. Stop wasting/No more wasting (评分要求：根据与文章整体内容的相关程度酌情给分。)8. The first Earth Day was in 1970.People were beginning to worry about what we were doing to our environment. So they set up Earth Day to tell everyone about their worries.In 2007 organizers in over 150 countries planned over 4,000 big events. But Earth Day is not just about marches(游行) and big events. In the week around Earth Day (22 April) there were many thousands of smaller, local events. These events dealt with environmental problems in the neighborhood.The world Wide Fund for Nature made a list of 5 things that each person could do to save the environment.l Dont leave the tap running.l Turn off lights when you leave a room.l Turn off your computer every night.l Wash your clothes, and yourself, in warm or cold water, not hot water.l Dishwashers use as little water as possible.If we all do at least 2 of these all the time, we can make a big difference.66. What is the purpose for people to set up Earth Day? 67. When is Earth Day? 68. What should people do when the water keeps running from a tap? 69. Does the word “dishwashers” mean “machines for washing dishes”? 70. Besides the five, what else can you do to save our environment? (One example is OK.) 66. (They set up Earth Day) to tell everyone about their worries.67. (Its) (on) April 22(nd). / (Its) (on) 22(nd) April68. People should stop it from running. / Turn the tap off. / Turn off the tap.69. Yes. / Yes, it does.70. We shouldnt throw rubbish every where.Dont use paper cups any moreMake full use of the waste water.1. 任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面的短文，并完成短文后的任务。Draw a giraffe in your mind. How did you draw your giraffe? Does it have a long neck? Does it have long legs? Is it really tall? When people think of giraffes, they think of their long necks. A long neck and four long legs make the giraffe the tallest land animal on earth. A giraffe is 1.8m tall when it is born, and some giraffes get up to 6m tall when they are all grown up.But did you know that giraffes also have long tongues? Have you seen the tongue of a giraffe before? A giraffe has a very long tongue which can hold and wrap (包) around objects. The tongue is designed for feeding, but it can be used in many different ways. For example, a giraffe can close its nose with its long tongue completely to keep out sand and dust. Also, a giraffes tongue is long enough to clean its owners ears as well!The tongue is black in colour to protect it from getting sunburnt (晒伤). It is nearly 56cm long. Giraffe only eat plants, and a full grown giraffe can eat 33kg of leaves a day. When giraffes look for some tall trees to eat, they sometimes fight with elephants for food. Giraffes use their tongue to eat leaves from some tall trees. The giraffes tongue is a helpful tool for reaching leaves and breaking off branches.任务一：根据短文内容回答下列问题。(注意：每题答案不超过10个单词)86. What is this article mainly about?_87. What does a giraffe feed on?_88. What color is the tongue of a giraffe? Why?_89. Give two examples of the use of the giraffes tongue.(1) _ (2) _任务二：将文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。90. _