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Unit3Book3EnvironmentalProtection-ReadingandThinkingCLIMATECHANGEREQUIRESTHEWORLDSATTENTIONWe_1_(know)aboutclimatechangefordecades.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwith_2_(melt)iceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.In2013,alotofpeoplewereshockedby_3_newsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundonNorwaysArcticislandofSvalbard.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody,allthatremained_4_thepolarbearwasskinandbones.Anexpertwho_5_(study)polarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappeared_6_(starve)anddied.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.This_7_(alarm)caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpact_8_Earthsecology.Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseinthe_9_(globe)averagesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocess_10_(call)thegreenhouseeffect,_11_hastwocommonmeanings:thenaturalgreenhouseeffectandtheman-madegreenhouseeffect.ThenaturalgreenhouseeffectreferstothetactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarthssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.Theheat_12_(release)backintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,_13_(keep)Earthsclimatewarmandhabitable.Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife._14_,theman-madegreenhouseeffecthasnowbecomeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergy_15_(trap)inthe1/4atmosphereandcausesEarthssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidence_16_theriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalsocostinghumanlives.Climatescientistshavewarnedthat_17_wedonottakeappropriateactions,thiswarmingtrendwill_18_(probable)continueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.Infact,newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsand_19_(economy)losses._20_(continue)greenhousegasemissionswillresult_21_furtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasures_22_(reduce)greenhousegasemissions.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunity_23_(educate)everyoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissue_24_(affect)allofusonthisplanet._25_whatwillyoudotohelp?REDUCINGWATERPOLLUTIONINTHELIRIVERThebeautifulLiRiverandits_1_(amaze)surroundingsceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntourist_2_(destination)inChinasGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.Itattractsmillionsofdomesticandforeignvisitorseachyear._3_,itsreputationasatopdestinationhashadnegativeeffects_4_theriverswaterquality.Thisreportlooksattheproblemofwaterpollutionandsomeactionsthat_5_(take)todealwithit.2/4_6_(previous),waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfroman_7_(increase)volumeoftourists,manyof_8_frequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.Manytourboatscontributed_9_theproblemtoo.Kitchensonboardwereusinglotsofoil,whichwasoftenthrownintothewater.Thegrowthintourismalso_10_(mean)thelocalpopulationroserapidly,aswellasthenumberofcommercialandindustrialenterprises.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdandcommercialwaste_11_(end)upintheriver.Inordertofeedmorepeople,morechemicalswereusedtoincreasecropproduction.Thesechemicalsledtoseverewaterqualityissues,_12_(cause)adecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.Localofficialswereconcernedthatthepollution_13_(damage)thenaturalenvironmentandfeltthaturgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriversoriginalbeauty.Acomprehensiveinitiativewasstarted,withanumberofmeasuresthat_14_(address)theissues.Theconstructionofwastewatertreatmentfacilitiesimprovedthewaterqualityandwaterconservation.Thecollectionandtransportofhouseholdwastewasalsoimproved._15_(dozen)ofpollutingenterpriseswereclosedormoved.Thelocalgovernmentsetupstrictregulations_16_(regard)furtherindustrialdevelopment.Newruleswerealsointroducedregardingtourboatroutesandgarbage_17_(dispose)methods.Furthermore,thelocalauthoritiesbegantousethemediatospreadenvironmentalawarenessandencourage_18_(great)useofcleanenergy.Atthesametime,theystartedtocarryoutinspectionsregularlyandfinetouristorganisations_19_abuses.Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiver_20_(preserve)forgenerationstocome.Inaddition,theambitiousWaterTenPlanisalsonowtacklingwaterpollutionacrossthecountry.Otherinitiatives,suchastheRiverChiefSystem,3/4holdseniorofficials_21_(response)forreducingwaterpollution._22_suchcampaignsineffect,Chinaswaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanandsustainablefuture.4/4
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