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1sense 1)n. 观念，意识，辨认力；意思，意味；见识，常识；感觉，知觉，官能 His speech left me with the sense that we would never be friends. 他说的话让我感到我和他绝对无法做朋友。 Havent you got enough sense to come in out of the rain? 难道你不懂得进来避雨吗？,The five senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. 五种感觉是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。 Dogs have a keen sense of smell. 狗有灵敏的嗅觉。 2)v. 感觉；感知；意识；察觉 The horse sensed danger and stopped. 这匹马意识到有危险，停了下来。 She sensed what her husband was thinking. 她感觉出她丈夫内心在想什么。,知识拓展 senseless adj. 不省人事的；失去感觉的；愚昧的；无常识的 sensible adj. 通晓事理的；明智的；可察觉的 sensitive adj. 敏感的；神经过敏的 a sense of direction 方向感 a sense of hunger 饥饿感 a sense of humour 幽默感 common sense 常识 the sixth sense 第六感觉 a man of good sense 通情达理的人,lose ones senses 昏过去；晕倒 in every sense 就各种意义来说；就各方面来说 in a sense 在某种意义上；多少有一点 in ones senses 精神正常；有理智 out of ones senses 神智失常；发疯；失去理智 make sense 有意义；讲得通；能理解,即学即用 The elderly need special care in winter, as they are_to the sudden change of weather. Asensitive Bsensible Cflexible Dpositive 答案：A 解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；sensible“可察觉的；明智的”；flexible“易弯曲的；可变通的”；positive“明确的；肯定的”。句意是：老年人在冬天需要特别护理，因为他们对突然的天气变化很敏感。be sensitive to.“对灵敏的/敏感的”。,2responsibility n. 责任；责任心；职责 Anyone with a sense of responsibility wouldnt leave the robbery alone. 任何一个有责任感的人是不会对抢劫置之不理的。,知识拓展 1)have the responibility for. 对有责任；对负责 The Health Minister have overall responsibility for hospitals. 卫生部长全面负责医院。 2)take on/take/accept/assume/shoulder the responsibility for. 担当对的责任；为负责 The management accepts no responsibility for cars left in the car park. 管理部门对停车场内的汽车不承担责任。,3)responsible adj. 有责任的；负责任的 You can always trust Mary who I think is a responsible monitor. 你可以信任玛丽，我认为她是一个负责任的班长。 The headmaster decided to have a word with the person that is responsible for this matter. 校长决定与此事的负责人谈一谈。,即学即用 完成句子 The driver should _ _ _ the injured. 司机应对受伤人员负责。 答案：be responsible to,3honesty n. U诚实；老实；正直 She answered all my questions with her usual honesty. 她像平常一样老老实实地回答了我所有的问题。 His honesty is not in question. 他的诚实是毋庸置疑的。,知识拓展 in all honesty 说实话；其实 honestly speaking 坦白地说 to be honest 老实说 be honest with sb. 对某人诚实 The book isnt, in all honesty, as good as I expected. 说实话，这本书并没有我想象的那么好。,高考直击 (2009浙江)_， the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. AGenerally speaking BOn the contrary CIn particular DTo be honest 解析：考查插入语。Generally speaking“一般来说”；On the contrary “相反”；In particular “特别地”；To be honest “说实话”。 答案：D,即学即用 翻译句子 诚实为上策。 _ 答案：Honesty is the best policy.,4justice n. U公正；正义 Everyone should be treated with justice. 每个人都应受到公正的对待。 We want justice in this matter. 在这件事情上，我们要求公平处理。 It would not be doing him justice to call him lazy when he is so ill. 他病得这么厉害，说他懒惰就不公平了。 Without justice, courage is weak. 假如无正义，勇气也无力。,搭配 in justice to 为对公平起见 I say, in justice to him, at he is a good teacher. 秉公而论，我认为他是个优秀的教师。 do justice to 公平对待，公平处理 A full schedule may not permit him to do justice to his studies. 一个排得满满的日程表很可能使他不能恰当地处理他的学习。,知识拓展 just adj. 公平的；公正的 A just war is better than an unjust peace. 公平的战争胜过不公平的和平。 注意：un还是in 形容词unjust 不公平的；非正义的 名词injustice 不公平，非正义,即学即用 翻译句子 他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。 _ 答案：They are demanding equal rights and justice.,5respect 1)n. 尊敬；敬重 Students show their respect for the teacher by not talking. 学生们都不讲话，以此来表达对老师的尊敬。 She has worked hard to gain the respect of her colleagues. 她努力工作来赢得同事们的尊敬。 2)vt. 尊重；重视 A doctor must respect the wishes of patients. 医生必须尊重病人的意愿。,He is highly respected in his profession. 他在专业方面非常受人尊敬。 People will respect you for your telling the truth about this. 人们会因你说出了这件事的真相而敬重你。 We work well together, and I respect him as a colleague. 我们在一起工作很愉快，而且作为同事我很敬佩他。,知识拓展 respecter n. 尊敬/熟悉的人 respectfully adv. 尊敬地；谦恭地 have/show respect for 尊敬/重；重视 gain the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 have respect to. 牵涉/关系到 pay respect to 考虑；斟酌；关心 with respect to. 关于/至于 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的 respective adj. 尊敬人的 respectful adj. 充满致意的；谦恭的,高考直击 (2009湖北)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for_building. Arespect Bfriendship Creputation Dcharacter 解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。charactor building“性格的修养”。句意为：远足是有趣的，也是利于身体健康的。同时，也有益于个人品行的修养。 答案：D,即学即用 完成句子 She has achieved great success and I _ _ _ her. 她取得了巨大的成功，我很尊敬她。 答案：have respect for,6afford 1)vt. (有财力)买得起；付得起(可用于can, could或be able to之后) Im not sure how they are able to afford such expensive holidays. 我不太清楚他们怎么能负担得起这么昂贵的假期。 We need a bigger house, but we just cant afford the rent. 我们需要一座更大的房子，只是我们付不起房租。,2)vt.有能力；足以承担(可用于can或could之后) Im so busy. I can rarely afford the luxury of a restful weekend. 我太忙了。我很少能享受一个轻松的周末的奢侈。 No politician can afford to ignore the power of television. 没有哪个政治家能无视电视的力量。,知识拓展 afford sth. 负担得起某物的费用 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 即学即用 翻译句子 我不能担负得起买一辆新车。 _ 答案：I cant afford to buy a new car.,7contribution n. U捐献；贡献；C捐助的钱或物 He has made an important contribution to the companys success. 他对公司的成功做出了重要的贡献。 Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution to the film industry. 查理卓别林对电影业做出了巨大贡献。 Would you like to make contributions to the hospital rebuilding fund? 你愿意为医院重建基金捐款吗？,I will devote my whole life to scientific research, and make contributions to the country where I was born and the people who brought me up.(Pavlov) 我愿用我全部的生命从事科学研究，贡献给生育我栽培我的祖国和人民。(巴甫洛夫),知识拓展 contribute v. 贡献；有助于；捐赠 Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力做出贡献。 He contributed a large sum of money to the hospital. 他向医院捐了一大笔钱。 His research contributed greatly to the progress of science. 他的研究对科学的进步有很大的贡献。,搭配 contribute.to (doing) sth. 贡献 He contributed some money to the flood victims. 他捐出一些钱给受水灾的难民。 contribute to (doing) sth. 有助于；导致 Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work. 你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。 Im sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. 我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。,注意：以上搭配中，to是介词。此外，contribute有时也与toward(s)或for连用。,词语辨析 contribute, devote,Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health. 老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。 Everyone is called on to contribute ideas. 要求人人出主意，想办法。 He devoted his life to promoting world peace. 他一生致力于促进世界和平。,即学即用 Eating too much fat can _ hear disease and cause high blood pressure. Aresult from Bcontribute to Cattend to Ddevote to 答案：B,8invent vt. 发明；创造 He has invented a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种制造丝绸的新方法。 Do you know who invented computers? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？,词语辨析 invent, discover Gilbert discovered electricity, and Edison invented the electric light bulb. 吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了电灯。,知识拓展 invention n. U发明；C发明物 Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明之母。 inventor n. C发明家；创造者 He has been dreaming of being a inventor. 他一直梦想成为一位发明家。,即学即用 翻译句子 谁发明了蒸汽机？ _ 答案：Who invented the steam engine?,9soft adj. 柔软的；细嫩的；温和的；温柔的 1)adj. 软的；柔软的 His feet sank slightly into the soft ground. 他的脚稍微陷入松软的地面。 2)adj. (颜色、光、声音等)柔和的；温和的；轻柔的 She speaks in a soft voice. 她说话的声音很轻柔。 3)adj. (言行、性格等)温柔的；柔和的 The shop assistant made a soft answer to the customers angry question. 售货员温和地回答了顾客气愤的质问。,知识拓展 softly adv. 柔和地；温柔地；轻声地 softness n. 柔和；柔软；温柔 soften v. 使柔软；变柔软；软化 softhearted adj. 温柔的；心肠软的；仁慈的,即学即用 Although I can walk about, there is still a_pain in my leg. AweakBslight CtenderDsoft 答案：B,10argument n. C争论；辨论；议论 Its beyond argument that his theory is true. 无可争辩，他的理论是正确的。 The students had an argument with their teachers about their uniforms. 学生们就校服问题与老师们进行了一场辩论。,搭配 have an argument with sb. 与某人争论,I had an argument with my neighbour about a tree in his garden. 我和邻居因其花园里一棵树而争了起来。,知识拓展 argue v. 争论；辩论 词语辨析 argue, quarrel,People generally quarrel because they cannot argue. (Chesterton) 人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。(切斯特顿),即学即用 Althoughmy opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. Aagainst Bon Cfor Din 答案：A,1no faster than “和一样不快”；相当于as slowly as。 “no比较级than”否定两者，相当于“as该词的反义词as”。含义是“前者跟后者一样不”。 She has no more books than him. 她的书和他的一样少。 Im no richer than a beggar. 我穷得像个乞丐。,知识拓展 “not比较级than”表示“不如”。 The question is not more difficult than that one. 这个问题不如那个难。 I have not more than five yuan. 我有不到5元钱。 I have no more than five yuan. 我只有5元钱。,高考直击 (2010全国II20)Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _. Apopular Bmore popular Cmost popular Dthe most popular 解析：考查比较级的使用。否定比较级相当于最高级。类似的还有too, enough。 答案：B,即学即用 Have your working conditions improved? No, _than before, Im afraid. Ano better Ba little better Cnot worse Dno worse 答案：A,2billions of表达不确切的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式。又如： dozens of 许多；十几个 thousands of 好几千；成千的 scores of 许多；好几十 tens of millions of 千百万 hundreds of 好几百；成百的 billions of 好几十亿 tens of thousands of 好几万；成千上万 hundreds of thousands of 好几十万；成几十万 hundreds of millions of 好几亿；成亿的,注意： 1)表达确切的数目时，用具体的数字与hundred, thousand, million等词的单数形式连用，之后不加of，接可数名词的复数。 2)表达笼统的数目时，复数hundreds, thousands, millions等词之后加of，不与具体数字连用，接可数名词的复数。 3)several或具体数字与dozen, hundred, thousand, million等词连用表达具体数目时，若使用of，必须后接“the/those/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词名词复数”。,4)many可以和表达笼统数目的hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of等连用。,即学即用 _people in the world are sending information by email every day. ASeveral million BMany millions CSeveral millions DMany million 答案：A,3in conclusion 最后；总之 I will in conclusion say a few words about discipline. 最后我要简单谈一下有关纪律的问题。 知识拓展 conclude v. 结束；下结论；推断 conclusive adj. 确定的；最后的；结论的 reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论；下结论 come to a conclusion 得出结论；结束 We have reached the conclusion that this is a true story. 我们获得的结论是，这是一个真实的故事。,即学即用 句型转换 It was concluded that we neednt change our plan. We _ _ _ _ that we neednt change the plan. 答案：came to the conclusion,4for the first time 第一次 forthe first/second/其他序数词/lasttime表示“第次”，在句中作状语。 We met in Nanjing for the first time. 我们在南京初次相见。 知识拓展 1)“This/It is the first/second/其他序数词/lasttimethat从句”的意思是“这是某人第一/二/最后一次做某事”。 2)the first time作连词，连接时间状语从句，相当于when.for the first time。,3)It is time forn./pron.; It is time(for sb.)to do.；Its timethat从句。 4)for a secondtime意思是“再一次；又一次”。 This was the first time that he had been to Canada. 这是他第一次去加拿大。 The first time I saw her, I loved her. 我对她一见钟情。 Its time for us to have a break. 是我们休息的时候了。 I want to try for a second time. 我想再试一次。,高考直击 (2009辽宁)Its the first time that he has been to Australia，_？ Aisnt he Bhasnt he Cisnt it Dhasnt it 解析：考查反意疑问句。主句主语为第三人称时，反意疑问句看主句。 答案：C,即学即用 英译汉 For the first time, we made a quarel. _ 答案：我们第一次吵了架。,5However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock. 然而，我们的确知道他在公元1092年发明了第一块时钟。 本句为“do/does/did动词原形”强调句型，其中的do/does/did在句中要重读。 a)本句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定和疑问形式。 She did tell me about her address, but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。,She does come from a European country. 她的确来自欧洲的一个国家。 b)在祈使句中运用“do动词原形”，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。 Do come on time next time. 下次请务必按时来。 Do come in and sit down. 请快进来坐下。,知识拓展 “强调句型”种种： It is/was.that/who. do/does/did动词原形 There be.doing. What.is/was. Whever 疑问强调句型 good and, nice and强调句型 on earth, in the world, the hell, the devil强调句型,高考直击 (2010四川19) If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. Ado devote Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting 解析：考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句and将来时句子”的固定搭配。此处应是祈使句，又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do，故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。” 答案：A,即学即用 (2010安徽27)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. Awhere B. that C.when D. which 答案：B,1限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句的引导词有that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why。,2.“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句常见的结构如下：,应特别注意以下两点：,高考直击 (1)(2009湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. Awhich Bof which Cthat Dwhose 解析：本题考查定语从句。句中name是city一个特征或构成部分，是从属关系，因此用whose引导定语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。 答案：D,(2)(2009陕西)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 解析：考查定语从句，先行词是a subject，指物，关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，故选C。 答案：C,(3)(2009天津)A person_email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails. Awho Bwhom Cwhose Dwhoever 解析：考查定语从句，_email account is full是从句部分，所以选代词whose。句意：“电子邮箱账户满了的话，人们就不能发送或者接收邮件了”。 答案：C,(4)(2009福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently. Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 解析：考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。 答案：D,(5)(2010北京27) Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 解析：本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的，符合题意。 答案：B,(6)(2010江西31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A. where B. who C. which D. what 解析：考察定语从句。先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语， 故要填状语， 表地点用where。 答案：A,(7)(2010全国II16)I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. Awho Bthat Cas Dwhat 解析：定语从句考查。不定代词something作主语，用that引导。 答案：B,(8)(2010山东24) Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 解析：本题考查定语从句的引导词。句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。 答案：C,即学即用 Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003，_he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. Aduring which time Bfor which time Cduring whose time Dby that time 答案：A,The way he did it was different _we were used to. Ain which Bin what Cfrom what Dfrom which 答案：C,The United States is made up of fifty states, one of_is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. Athem Bthose Cwhich Dwhose 答案：C,American women usually identify their best friend as someone_they can talk frequently. Awho Bas Cabout which Dwith whom 答案：D Luckily, wed brought a road map without_we would have lost our way. Ait Bthat Cthis Dwhich 答案：D,Alec asked the policeman_he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. Awith him Bwho Cwith whom Dwhom 答案：C He had a bad cold，_he didnt attend the meeting. Abecause Bbecause of which Cto which Dbecause of that 答案：B,Ten years of hard work changed her greatly，_he could hardly recognized her at the first sight. Afor this reason Bfor that reason Cfor which reason Dbecause of this 答案：C The building over there is a library，_is a department store. Awhere Bwest of which Cto the west of it Din the west of that 答案：B,I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_she had come. Aof which Bby which Cin which Dfrom which 答案：D He was educated at a local grammar school, _he went on to Cambridge. Afrom which Bafter that Cafter which Dfrom this 答案：C,Franks dream was to have his own shop_to produce the works of his own hands. Athat Bin which Cby which Dhow 答案：B I walked in our garden, _Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. Awhich Bwhen Cwhere Dthat 答案：C,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_people were eaten by the tiger. Ain which Bby which Cwhich Dthat 答案：A Her sister has become a lawyer, _she wanted to be. Awho Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 答案：D,Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one_I used to work for years. Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat 答案：C (2007北京)We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of_are healthy. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom 答案：D,(2007上海)His movie won several awards at the film festival, _was beyond his wildest dream. Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit 答案：A,
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