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The ing form as the Subject , Object ，Predictive, Attributive and Object Complement,Grammar,Have you ever seen these signs?,parking, spitting, littering, smoking,-ing forms,1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。 如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和 数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有 时态和语态的变化。 3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以 作主语、宾语等。,指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。 Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. He enjoys listening to violin music. China is a developing country. The music is exciting. We heard her singing in her room. Being ill, she went back home.,主语,宾语,定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语,一、动词-ing形式作主语 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： 1）Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2）Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 4）Asking a womans age is impolite in our country.,2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主 语, 用形容词或名词作表语。 常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。,归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing It is/was no good/use doing It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing It is/was worth/worthwhile doing There is no doing.无法; 不允许,3. 在there be no.结构中作主语, 这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ”。,There is no sense in doing 做没有道理 There is/was no use doing 做无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was no point doing 做无意义,1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 2)There is no joking about such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 3)There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。,Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.,注意: There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事, 在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. There is no need to tell her. 提示: 当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由 形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 1）My sisters being ill made me worried. 2）Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.,动名词与不定式做主语时的比较： 动名词表示的动作通常是一个习惯性的长期进行 的动作, 不定式则通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性。 e.g. 1）Teaching English is my job. 2）Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 3）To reach there on time is my task.,二、动名词用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。 1. 只能后接-ing作宾语的动词, 常见的有 avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。 e.g. 1）I cant avoid going 2）Have you considered looking for one special friend? 3）People couldnt help laughing foolish man,2. 既可接-ing和to do作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。 A. 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后， 用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重 点有些不同, ing表示泛指的动作, to do表示具体的一次性动作。 B. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和 不定式, 意义没有什么不同, 尤其是当主语是 人的时候。,C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用 动名词与不定式意义不同。 -ing 表示动作已经发生, -to do 表示动作还没发生； I remember posting the letter Ill remember to post the letter I shall never forget seeing the famous writer Dont forget to write to your mother I regret missing the report I regret to say I cant take your advice,D. 意义各不相同 try to do (设法) mean to do (打算, 有意要做) try doing (试试) mean doing (意思是, 意味着) be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 cant help doing 禁不住做某事 cant help to do 不能帮助做某事,E. go on doing 继续做一直在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。,3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语 1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip 2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face 3) She was very interested in working for our company 注：下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以动词要 接-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。,三、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于 被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰 者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者 的动作或状态。 e.g. building materials = materials for building 建筑材料,drinking water = water for drinking a walking stick = a stick for walking a reading room = a room for reading a writing desk = a desk for writing tiring music = music that is tiring a surprising result= a result that is surprising,2. ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之 后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 1）They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 2）The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 3）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.,3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。 1) His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 2) The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.,四、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语 后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。 如： (1)When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. (2)We found the snake eating the eggs.,2) 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补 足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room.,2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 表示感觉和心理状态的动词, 常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。 a. We saw a light burning in the window. b. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. c. Can you smell anything burning? d. As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. e. I didnt notice him waiting.,2) 表示指使意义的动词, 常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如： I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again. You wont catch me doing that again.,3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行, 而后者表示(或强调) 动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室, 看见老师在做实验。 (只在走过教室的刹那间, 看见老师正在做实验),五、-ing形式作表语 -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后, 用来泛指 某种动作或行为, 以说明主语的身份、性质或 情况。 1) Her hobby is painting. 2) My job is looking after the children. 3) His concern for his mother is most touching. 4) She was very pleasing in her appearance.,六.现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑 上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。 但要注意它的各种形式变化:,主动形式 被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed,一般式,完成式,e. g. 1) Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. (听见和进入两个动作同时发生) 2) The building being built now is our new library. (being built为现在分词的被动形式, 表示动作正 在进行之中) 3) Having done the work, he went home.,主动形式 被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed,一般式,完成式,现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整 个句子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、 结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词一般不用作 表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。,1）Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. =When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,1表时间状语,2表原因状语 1）Being ill, he didnt go to school. =As he was ill, he didnt go to school.,2）Being a student, you should study hard. =Since you are a student, you should study hard.,3 表方式、伴随情况的状语: 作伴随状语的分词 表示的动作, 必须是主语的一个动作, 或是与谓语 所表示地动作(或状态)同时发生, 或是对谓语表示 的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。,1) He sat on the sofa, watching TV. =He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.,2) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_ , they went into the classroom.,Laughing and talking,4 表结果 e.g. 1) Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. =Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.,2) The song is sung all over the country, _.,making it the most popular song,5 表条件,1) Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find a way.,_, you will see a white house.,2) Walking ahead,6 与逻辑主语构成独立主格: 1) I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard 2) All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 3) Time permitting, well do another two exercises.,*有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格) +分词形式。 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 7 作独立成分: 1) Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.,Thank you!,The _ boy was last seen _ near the bank of the lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 解析: missing是形容词, 作boy的定语, 意思是“失踪的”。 was last seen playing 表示被看见时正在玩。,真题解析,A,精析:根据句意“it may now be too late to ” 和 “already” 可知“河流已经被严重污染”, 应用完成时。答案 A。,高考链接,_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (2004全国) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. That D. Suffered,A,2. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (全国2002)A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given,解析: 本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。 分析题干, 前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句, 即 If he is given , 因为主句是 it, 从句应含 被动意义, 这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义 即含被动意义。答案 A。,A,3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece. (2001上海) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 解析: 分析题目可知, 谓语是 is painted, 那么选项部分 应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式, 其一般 不作定语, 只作时间或原因状语; C项动词“第三人称 单数”显然也不能作定语, 只作谓语; 分析 the picture 与动作 hang 之间的关系, 其不含被动意义, D项排除; B项是现在分词的一般式, 相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案 B。,B,4. Lets have a rest Not now. I dont want to stop _ yet(MET 1985) A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying,解析: stop studying 意为“停止学习”。,D,5. Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? (1999上海高考) A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told,解析: remember telling me 意为 “记得曾经告诉过我”。,B,1. What made you so upset? _ two tickets to the pop music concert. A. Losing B. Because of losing C. To lose D. Because I had lost 2. I cant imagine _ that with them. A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing,A,考考你,D,3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 4. _ is forbidden inside the park. A. To cycle B. We cycle C. Anyone cycles D. Cycling,B,D,5. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 6. The old lady needs _. A. look afterB. to look after C. looking afterD. being looked after,C,C,1. If you can keep _(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _(come) to my birthday party. 3. I hate _(tell) lies! 4. I will never forget _(go) to Beijing with him last summer. I forgot _(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.,Complete these sentences:,reading,to come,telling/to tell,going,to tell,出国旅行是很激动人心的。 Travelling abroad is very exciting. 2. 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。 Its no use waiting here. Lets go. 3. 我记得在哪里见过他。 I remember seeing her somewhere.,Translation,4. 我后悔没听你的劝告。 I regret not following your advice. 5. 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。 Helping others means helping yourself.,For more exercises, click here.,
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