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大学计算机基础 第1章 引论习题参考答案第1章填空题:1. 计算理论、计算机、信息处理2. 算法设计和程序设计3. 有限性、可执行性、机械性、确定性、终止性4. 有确定的算法5. 二进制6. 在给定相同的输入时,A和B有相同的输出、A和B计算等价7. 存储器8. 电子管和继电器9. 光计算机、生物计算机、量子计算机10. 巨型化、微型化、网络化、智能化11. ASCII码,712. 213. bmp, jpg14. 文字15. 时间和幅值16. 文件,数据库17. 白盒,黑盒18. 是一种无处不在的计算模式简答题:1. 简述计算机采用二进制的原因。(1) 二进制只有0和1两个基本符号(2) 二进制的算术运算规则简单,且适合逻辑运算。2. 图灵机模型主要由哪4个部分组成?一条无限长的纸带,一个读写头,一套控制规则,一个状态寄存器。3 图灵机在形式上可以用哪七个元素描述?它们分别表示什么含义?(参考教材p7回答)4 图灵机模型中的四个要素是什么?输入信息,输出信息、程序(规则)、内部状态。5简述图灵机的工作过程。图灵机的工作过程可以简单的描述为:读写头从纸带上读出一个方格中的信息,然后根据它内部的状态对程序进行查表(规则表Table),得出一个输出动作,确定是向纸带上写信息还是使读写头向前或向后移动到下一个方格。同时,程序还会说明下一时刻内部状态转移到哪里。6. 简述问题求解的一般过程。 需求分析,系统(模型)设计,编码与调试,系统测试。7 . 简述基于计算机的信息处理的一般过程。信息采集,信息的表示和压缩,信息存储和组织,信息传输,信息发布,信息检索。8. 简述高性能计算机涉及的主要关键技术。答:软硬件技术、通信技术、纳米技术第2章1计算机系统主要由( 硬件系统 )和(软件系统 )组成。2说明以下计算机中的部件是属于主机系统、软件系统、还是属于外部设备。(1)CPU ( 主机系统 )(2)内存条 ( 主机系统 )(3)网卡 ( 主机系统 )(4)键盘和鼠标 ( 外设 )(5)显示器 ( 外设 )(6)Windows操作系统 ( 软件系统 )3控制芯片组是主板的的核心部件,它由( 北桥芯片 )部分和(南桥芯片 )部分组成。4. 系统,应用5. bit 或 二进制位6. 8, 8192或10248 7. 完成下列数制的转换 (1)10100110B=( 166 )D=( A6 )H (2)0.11B =( 0.75 )D (3)253.25 =( 11111101.01 )B =( FD.4 )H (4)1011011.101B=( 133.5 )O =( 5B.A )H=( 91.625 )D 8完成下列二进制数的算术运算:(1)10011010+01101110 =( 100001000 )(2)11001100-100 =( 11001000 )(3)11001100100 =( 1100110000 )(4)110011001000 =( 11001.1 )9. 写出下列真值对应的原码和补码:(1)X=-1110011B X原=11110011,X补=10001101(2)X=-71DX原=11000111,X补=10111001(3)X=+1001001B X原=01001001=X补10. 反码:11001010 补码:1100101111. (1)X+Y补=11100011 X+Y=-29D (-0011101B) (2) X+Y补=00100011 X+Y=35D12. X-Y补=11101101 X-Y=-19D13完成下列二进制数的逻辑运算:(1)1011011011010110 = ( 10010110 )(2)01011001B10010110 = (11011111 )(3)11010101=(00101010)(4)11110111B 10001000 =( 01111111 )14若“与门”的3位输入信号分别为1、0、1,则该“与门”的输出信号状态为( 0 )。若将这3位信号连接到或门,那么或门的输出又是什么状态?( 1 )15. (a) 至少有一个0 (b) 全为0 (c) 全为1 (d) 至少有一个1第3章 填空题:1. 微处理器,内存储器,总线,接口2. RAM, ROM, RAM3. 104. 85. 1260MB(1.23GB)6. 提高存取速度7. Cache存储系统,虚拟存储系统,Cache存储系统8. 宽度9. 系统,硬盘接口(或外设)10. I/O接口11. 机器指令12. 存储程序原理13. 运算器14. 两个存储器,两组总线15. 19600417. 进程管理,内存管理,文件管理,设备管理18. 就绪,等待19. 有结构20. 物理简答题:1. 实说明指令的执行步骤,哪些步骤是必须的? 答:指令的执行步骤描述为:取指令、分析指令、读取操作数、执行指令和存放结果,其中取指令、分析指令和执行指令这三个步骤是必须的。2. 简述冯诺依曼计算机的特点。简单地描述为:以存储原理为基础,以运算器为核心。3. 简述进程和程序的区别? 答:程序是静态的(存放在磁盘不动,可永久性存在),而进程是执行起来的程序,是动态的,进程有生命周期。4. 说明为什么引入进程?为使程序在多道程序环境下能并发执行,并确保“可再现性”。5. 答:将源程序装入内存一般经过编译、链接和装入三个步骤。第4章 网络一.填空题1. 局域网、城域网和广域网。2. 星型3. 同轴电缆、双交线和光纤。4. 语义、时序5. 应用层、传输层、网际层、网络接口层6. IP7. 浏览器、Web服务器、HTTP超文本传输协议8. 对称式、非对称式二.选择题1. A,D,E,F,G,I,J,M,N,P,R,S,T,2. C,D3. C4. C第5章1-Module Module1 Sub Main() Console.WriteLine(请输入3个整数,以空格分隔并以回车结束) Dim s As String = Console.ReadLine() Dim sSplit() As String = s.Split( ) Dim x, y, z As Integer x = Convert.ToInt32(sSplit(0) y = Convert.ToInt32(sSplit(1) z = Convert.ToInt32(sSplit(2) Console.WriteLine(sum:0, x + y + z) Console.WriteLine(Avg:0, x + y + z / 3) End SubEnd Module2Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim A() As Single = 12, 30 Dim y As Single For Each x In A If x 0 And x = 15 Then y = 4 * x / 3 Else y = 2.5 * x - 10.5 End If End If Console.WriteLine(x=0,y=1, x, y) Next End SubEnd Module3Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim x1 As Integer = 133 Dim x2 As Integer = 2209 Dim x1h As Integer = x1 100 Dim x1m As Integer = x1 Mod 100 Dim x2h As Integer = x2 100 Dim x2m As Integer = x2 Mod 100 Dim yh, ym As Integer If x2m - x1m 0 Then ym = x2m + 60 - x1m yh = x2h - x1h - 1 Else ym = x2m - x1m yh = x2h - x1h End If If yh 0 Then yh = yh + 24 End If Dim y As Integer = yh * 100 + ym Console.WriteLine(y=0, y) End SubEnd Module4Module Module1 Sub Main() Const n As Integer = 30 Dim a As Integer = 2 Dim b As Integer = 1 Dim sum As Decimal = 0 For i As Integer = 1 To n sum = sum + a / b Dim t As Integer = a a = a + b b = t Next Console.WriteLine(Sum=0, sum) End SubEnd Module5Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim A() As Integer = 23, 34, 56, 78, 12, 2, 45, 6, 7, 90 Dim x As Integer = 56 Dim y As Integer = -1 For i As Integer = 0 To A.Length - 1 If x = A(i) Then y = i End If Next Console.WriteLine(y=0, y) End SubEnd Module6Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim A() As Single = 12, 30 For Each x In A Console.WriteLine(x=0,y=1, x, WaterFee(x) Next End Sub Function WaterFee(ByVal x As Decimal) As Decimal If x 0 And x = 5 Then sperh = 50 Else sperh = 30 End If If t 40 Then s = t * sperh Else s = 40 * sperh + (t - 40) * sperh * 1.5 End If Console.WriteLine(工资是0:N2, s) End SubEnd Module9Module Module1 Sub Main() Console.WriteLine(请输入年 月 日,以空格分隔并以回车结束) Dim s0 As String = Console.ReadLine() Dim sSplit() As String = s0.Split( ) Dim y, m, d As Integer y = Convert.ToInt32(sSplit(0) m = Convert.ToInt32(sSplit(1) d = Convert.ToInt32(sSplit(2) Dim s As Integer = 0 Dim mm As Integer For i As Integer = 1 To m - 1 If (i = 8) And (i Mod 2 = 0) Then mm = 31 Else If i = 2 And (y Mod 4 = 0) And (y Mod 100 0) Or (y Mod 400 = 0) Then mm = 29 Else If i = 2 Then mm = 28 Else mm = 30 End If End If End If s = s + mm Next s = s + d Console.WriteLine(This is the 0th of 1, s, y) End SubEnd Module10Module Module1 Sub Main() Console.WriteLine(请输入n) Dim s As String = Console.ReadLine() Dim n As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(s) Dim y As Integer = 1 For i = 1 To n - 1 y = 2 * (y + 1) Next Console.WriteLine(桃子数是0, y) End SubEnd Module11Module Module1 Sub Main() For x As Integer = 0 To 50 For y As Integer = 0 To 50 - x If x * 2 + y * 4 = 160 Then Console.WriteLine(钥匙扣0个,漫画书1本, x, y) End If Next Next End SubEnd Module12Module Module1 Sub Main() For x As Integer = 100 To 999 Dim a As Integer = x Mod 10 Dim b As Integer = (x 10) Mod 10 Dim c As Integer = x 100 If a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = x Then Console.WriteLine(0=13+23+33, x, c, b, a) End If Next End SubEnd Module13Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim ins As String = Console.ReadLine() Dim n As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(ins) If IsSquare(n) Then Console.WriteLine(0 is squre, n) Else Console.WriteLine(0 is not sqare, n) End If End Sub Function IsSquare(ByVal n As Integer) As Boolean Dim i As Integer = 1 For i = 1 To n / i If i * i = n Then Return True End If Next Return False End FunctionEnd Module14Module Module1 Structure count Dim x As Integer Dim c As Integer End Structure Sub Main() Dim A() As Integer = 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5 Dim cou(20) As count Dim i As Integer = 0 For Each k As Integer In A Dim find As Boolean = True For j As Integer = 0 To i - 1 If cou(j).x = k Then cou(j).c += 1 find = False Exit For End If Next If find Then cou(i).x = k cou(i).c = 1 i += 1 End If Next For j As Integer = 0 To i - 1 For k As Integer = i - 1 To j + 1 Step -1 If cou(k).c cou(k - 1).c Then Dim temp As count = cou(k) cou(k) = cou(k - 1) cou(k - 1) = temp End If Next Next Dim maxc As Integer = cou(0).c Dim m As Integer = 0 While cou(m).c = maxc Console.WriteLine(0出现的次数是1, cou(m).x, cou(m).c) m += 1 End While End SubEnd Module15Module Module1 Sub Main() For i As Integer = 10 To 99 Dim j As Integer j = (i Mod 10) * 10 + i 10 If IsPrime(i) And IsPrime(j) Then Console.WriteLine(0, i) End If Next End Sub Function IsPrime(ByVal n As Integer) As Boolean Dim i As Integer = 2 While (i b,则执行Step4。否则转向Step5Step4:若bc,则输出c;否则输出b。Step5:若ac,则输出c;否则输出a。(2)流程图13试利用流程图形式描述在100个字符中查找字母A的顺序和折半查找算法。顺序查找:折半查找:编程题:1使用冒泡排序对10个整数排序参见例7-72改进冒泡排序,使其当数据已经有序时,排序过程结束。改进的冒泡排序算法 Sub Bubble(ByRef R() As Integer) Dim i,j,n,Tem As Integer Dim flag As Boolean=True n=R.Length-1 For i =1 To n If flag=True Then Flag=False For j = n To i Step -1 If R(j)R(j-1) Then Tem=R(j) R(j)=R(j-1) R(j-1)=Tem Flag=True End If NextElse Exit For End If NextEnd Sub5使用冒泡排序对电话号码簿按人名的字典顺序排序。Module Module1 Structure Address Dim name As String Dim phone As String End Structure Sub Main() Dim Addr(20) As Address Const N As Integer = 7 Addr(0).name = One Addr(0).phone = 12345678 Addr(1).name = Two Addr(1).phone = 22345678 Addr(2).name = Three Addr(2).phone = 32345678 Addr(3).name = Four Addr(3).phone = 42345678 Addr(4).name = Five Addr(4).phone = 52345678 Addr(5).name = Six Addr(5).phone = 62345678 Addr(6).name = Seven Addr(6).phone = 72345678 DisPlay(Addr, N) For i As Integer = 1 To N - 1 For j As Integer = N - 1 To i + 1 Step -1 If Addr(j).name Addr(j - 1).name Then Dim temp As Address = Addr(j) Addr(j) = Addr(j - 1) Addr(j - 1) = temp End If Next Next DisPlay(Addr, N) End Sub Sub DisPlay(ByVal Addr() As Address, ByVal N As Integer) For k As Integer = 0 To N - 1 Console.WriteLine(name=0, phone=1, Addr(k).name, Addr(k).phone) Next End SubEnd Module-6使用顺序查找,对第5题的数据查找一个人名是否在电话簿中。Function FindName(ByVal Addr() As Address, ByVal N As Integer, ByVal name As String) As Integer For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1 If Addr(i).name = name Then Return i End If Next Return -1End Function7使用折半查找,对排序后的电话号码簿(第5题)进行查找Function FindName2(ByVal Addr() As Address, ByVal N As Integer, ByVal name As String) As Integer Dim low As Integer = 0 Dim high As Integer = N - 1 While low name Then high = mid - 1 Else low = mid + 1 End If End If End While Return -1 End Function20
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