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专题一记叙文,【文体攻略】 记叙文是高考完形填空题中出现频率最高的一类文体。近几年主要以叙事、记人为主,有幽默故事、童话寓言、历史故事、人物传记等,大多数都富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣和人生感悟。有的记叙文在结尾处稍加一两句议论,常常涉及文章内涵,这是对记叙部分的升华。 解答记叙文体的完形填空,常用以下几点答题技巧: 1.读透首句,掌握主旨 重视首句,明确短文话题,了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点,然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展,最后得出结论。所以读透句首对于学生了解全篇至关重要,这就是我们理解文章内在联系的“突破口”。,2.跳空速读全文,掌握中心 速读全文要求一气呵成,跳过空格,快速阅读,领会大意,把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素,如:时间、地点、人物和事件等,从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。 3.身临其境,故事重构 采取换位思考的方式,假设自己就是故事的主人公,在此情此景下,模拟故事的情景,体会人物的心情,推理故事的发展、体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等。这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握,才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。 4.关注末段,注意感想 最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。,5.浏览全文,复查核定 根据记叙文的线索,考生一定要进行回查,仔细推敲,校正全文,使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是:(1)语意是否前后一致;(2)上下文是否通顺连贯,内容是否完整;(3)所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构;(4)文化背景和生活常识是否合理。,【典例示范】,(2015课标全国卷) My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“41my job.Family to Feed.” At this store,a 42 like this is not normal.My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind. In the store,I asked each of my kids to 45something they thought our “friend”there would 46.They got apples,a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47.I thought about it.We were 48on cash ourselves,but.well,sometimes49from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do!All the kids 51something they could do away with for the week.,When we handed him the bag of 52,he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes.When I handed him the gift card,saying he could use it for 54his family might need,he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful 55 for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56!Things would have played out so 57if I had simply said,“No,we really dont have 58to give more.”Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59,it also gave my kids the 60taste of helping others.Itll go a long way with them.,41.A.LostB.Changed C.QuitD.Finished 42.A.conditionB.placeC.sightD.show 43.A.suggestionB.commentC.decisionD.call 44.A.outsideB.proudlyC.byD.angrily 45.A.drawB.sayC.arrangeD.pick 46.A.orderB.supplyC.appreciateD.discover 47.A.dollarB.jobC.hot mealD.gift card 48.A.easyB.lowC.softD.loose 49.A.givingB.savingC.spendingD.begging 50.A.yetB.evenC.stillD.just 51.A.declaredB.sharedC.ignoredD.expected 52.A.toysB.medicineC.foodD.clothes 53.A.sleepyB.wateryC.curiousD.sharp 54.A.whoeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,55.A.experienceB.exampleC.messageD.adventure 56.A.rely on B.respect C.learn fromD.help 57.A.suddenlyB.vividlyC.differentlyD.perfectly 58.A.timeB.powerC.patienceD.money 59.A.fearB.loveC.needD.memory 60.A.strongB.sweetC.strangeD.simple,【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。作者和孩子们周末去超市购物时,在超市外面看到一名男子在乞讨。作者和孩子们为这位乞讨者挑选了一些食物,并送给他一张代金卡。帮助他人给孩子们带来了很多的快乐。 41.A根据后面的“Family to Feed.”可以推断出,这位男子失业了,同时还需要抚养家人,所以他上街乞讨。 42.C作者在此处想要说明的是,上文描述的男子乞讨的情景并不常见。sight在此处意为“景象,情景”,符合语境。condition“条件,环境”;place“地方”;show“展览,表演”。 43.Bmake a comment on sth.是固定搭配,意为“评论某事”。作者10岁的孩子注意到了那名乞讨的男子并进行了评论。 44.A根据前面的“how bad”以及后面的“in the cold wind”可知,这名男子是站在外面进行乞讨的。,45.D进入商店后,作者要求每个孩子挑选他们觉得我们的这位“朋友”最可能重视的东西。pick在此处意为“选择,挑选”。 46.Cappreciate在此处意为“重视,欢迎”,符合语境。order“订购”;supply“提供,供应”;discover“发现”。 47.D根据下文第54空所在的句子中的“When I handed him the gift card”可知,此处作者17岁的孩子建议送给乞讨的男子一张代金卡。 48.Blow在此处是形容词,意为“少的,缺少(钱)的”,说明作者一家也不富裕,经济也很拮据。 49.A根据下文内容可知,作者的儿子想把这张代金卡送给那位乞讨的男子,虽然他们也不富裕,但是作者还是同意了。,50.Djust在此处意为“恰好”。作者认为在自己不富有的情况下为他人提供帮助恰好是我们需要做的事情。 51.A作者的孩子们非常支持17岁的哥哥(或姐姐)的做法,他们纷纷宣布取消自己在这一周要买的东西,为的是把代金卡送给乞讨的男子。 52.C上文提到作者一家在商店主要购买了一些食物,所以此处指的是我们把那袋子食物递到了乞讨男子的手中。 53.B当作者一家把那袋子食物递给乞讨的男子时,他非常高兴,眼含热泪感谢我们。watery意为“湿润的,水汪汪的”。 54.B作者把代金卡也送给了那名男子,并告诉他可以用来购买家人可能需要的任何东西。 55.A根据下文内容可知,帮助乞讨男子的事情对于作者一家来说一直是一次美好的经历。 56.D因为上文讲述的是帮助他人的经历,所以此处表示作者的孩子们一连好几天到处寻找我们能够帮助的人。,57.C此处使用了虚拟语气,表示作者的假想:如果自己当初不同意帮助乞讨的男子,情况会完全不同。 58.D根据常理可知,帮助乞讨的人主要需要付出金钱,而不是时间、能力或耐心,所以此处应选money。 59.Cin need是固定短语,意为“需要帮助的”。作者一家帮助了一位需要帮助的人。 60.B根据常理可知,帮助他人会给人带来甜蜜的滋味和快乐的感受,所以此处应选sweet。 【文章结构】,A,B,A (2015湖北卷) “Daily Star,sir,”called Jason,carrying some newspapers under his arm.The little boy had been running up and down the street,but there were still twenty 1 left.His voice was almost gone and his heart was 2.The shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.,1.A.shopsB.coins C.peopleD.papers 解析:根据前文的“.carrying some newspapers under his arm.”可知,此处表示还剩下20份报纸。故选D项。 答案:D 2.A.openB.heavyC.pureD.weak 解析:根据上下文可知,小男孩的报纸还剩下20份,而街上行人越来越少,他没有挣到所需要的钱,因此心情沉重。heavy“沉重的,低落的”,符合语境。故选B项。 答案:B,A,B,The shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.He would have to go home too,carrying the papers 3 money.He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a 4 for his mother and some seeds for his bird.That was why he had bought the papers with all his money.,3.A.instead ofB.in return for C.regardless ofD.in exchange for 解析:小男孩没将报纸卖出去,因此就会带着这些报纸而不是挣到的钱回家。instead of“代替,而不是”,符合句意。 答案:A 4.A.cupB.cardC.combD.cake 解析:根据下文的“and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother,.”可知,他想给母亲买个蛋糕。故选D项。 答案:D,A,B,He 5 as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers. “You dont know the 6 of selling papers.You must shout,Hot news!Bomb bursting!”,5.A.gave inB.broke down C.got awayD.showed up 解析:此处句意为“一想到他没有将全部报纸卖出去,他情绪低落”。give in“屈服,让步”;break down“情绪低落,出故障”;get away“脱身,离开”;show up“出现”。根据语境可知选B项。 答案:B 6.A.difficultyB.process C.goalD.secret 解析:根据下文可知,这时一位报童开始向他传授卖报的“秘诀”,故选D项。 答案:D,A,B,another newsboy Chad told Jason.“7 its not in the paper at all,”replied Jason.“Just run away quickly 8 they have time to see,7.A.AndB.ButC.ForD.So 解析:根据下文可知,此处表示这样的消息根本不是报纸上的内容,因此选B项,but表示转折。 答案:B 8.A.beforeB.since C.thoughD.unless 解析:此处表示“趁着他们还没来得及看就快速跑开,这样你就能将报纸卖光也能挣到钱了”。故此处选A项before,表示“在之前,还没来得及”。 答案:A,A,B,and youll 9 out and get your money,”Chad said. It was a new 10 to Jason.He thought of his bird with no 11 and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother,9.A.callB.drop C.sellD.reach 解析:此处表示将报纸“卖光”,故选C项。 答案:C 10.A.editionB.idea C.policyD.task 解析:这位报童所说的对贾森来说是一个新的“主意”,故选B项。 答案:B 11.A.breadB.insects C.seedsD.water 解析:根据上文的“.some seeds for his bird.”可知,此处表示他想起了他无食可吃的鸟。故选C项。 答案:C,A,B,but was 12 that he would not tell a lie.Though he was 13 a poor newsboy,he had been 14 some good things.,12.A.concernedB.amazed C.excitedD.determined 解析:根据前面的but可知,小男孩不想通过撒谎来获得这些东西,此处表示“决定,决心”。故选D项。 答案:D 13.A.still B.already C.justD.also 解析:尽管他只是个贫穷的报童,但他一直以来也是接受正面教育的。just“仅仅,只不过”,符合语境。故选C项。 答案:C 14.A.taughtB.handed C.awardedD.allowed 解析:此处表示他从小接受的都是些正面的教育。 答案:A,A,B,The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers 15.Several boys were crowding around Chad,who declared with a 16 smile that he sold six dozen the day before.,15.A.at onceB.by chance C.as usualD.on purpose 解析:第二天,这个小男孩像往常一样来取报纸。as usual“像往常一样”,符合语境。 答案:C 16.A.proudB.gentle C.warmD.polite 解析:那个教贾森卖报“秘诀”的男孩前一天卖出去6打报纸,被好几个孩子围着,脸上挂着得意的微笑。故选A项proud“感到得意的,骄傲的,自豪的”。 答案:A,A,B,He added that Jason 17 money because he would not tell a lie.The boys 18 at Jason.“You wouldnt tell a lie yesterday,my boy?”,17.A.borrowedB.lost C.madeD.saved 解析:他接着说贾森因为不愿意撒谎,结果报纸没卖出去,损失了很多钱。lose“丢失,损失”,符合语境。 答案:B 18.A.laughedB.shouted C.noddedD.stared 解析:根据下文可知,这些男孩嘲笑贾森的这种做法。故选A项。 答案:A,A,B,A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jasons shoulder 19.“Youre just the boy I am looking for.”A week later Jason started his new 20.He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie,but got a well-paid job because he told the truth. 【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。一个贫穷的小男孩卖报却因不愿撒谎欺骗读者而遭遇失败和他人的嘲弄。但他的诚实却为他赢得了一份高薪的工作。,A,B,19.A.bravelyB.gratefully C.fondlyD.modestly 解析:根据下文“Youre just the boy I am looking for.”可知此人很欣赏贾森的诚实,因此慈爱地拍着他的肩膀。fondly“慈爱地,怜爱地”,符合语境。 答案:C 20.A.dutyB.business C.jobD.method 解析:根据下文“.but got a well-paid job.”可知,此处表示“一周后,贾森开始了他的新工作”。故选C项。 答案:C,A,B,B Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top 1,but on their way back conditions were very 2.,1.A.hurriedlyB.carefully C.successfullyD.early 解析:根据空后的“but on their way back.”可推知他们成功登顶,故选successfully。 答案:C 2.A.difficultB.similar C.specialD.normal 解析:由空后的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”可推知当时的气候条件一定很糟糕,故选difficult。 答案:A,A,B,Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon 3 alone,he would probably get back 4.,3.A.climbedB.worked C.restedD.continued 解析:上句提到了乔失足摔下,故此处用continued表示“他们两个都知道,如果西蒙独自继续下山”。 答案:D 4.A.unwillinglyB.safely C.slowlyD.regretfully 解析:此处用safely表示“他大概能够安全地返回”。 答案:B,A,B,But Simon decided to risk his 5 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳). As they 6 down,the weather got worse.Then another 7 occurred.,5.A.fortuneB.time C.healthD.life 解析:fortune“运气,财富”;time“时间”;health“健康”;life“生命”。此处用life表示“但是西蒙决定拿自己的生命去冒险”。 答案:D 6.A.layB.settled C.wentD.looked 解析:此处用went表示“当他们下山的时候,天气变得更加糟糕”。 答案:C 7.A.damageB.storm C.changeD.trouble 解析:由上句中的“the weather got worse”可知,另外的麻烦出现了,故选trouble。 答案:D,A,B,They couldnt see or hear each other and,8,Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁).It was9 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.,8.A.by mistakeB.by chance C.by choiceD.by luck 解析:由于上句提到了“They couldnt see or hear each other”,所以此处应选择by mistake,表示“他错误地把他的朋友降到了峭壁的边缘”。 答案:A 9.A.unnecessaryB.practical C.importantD.impossible 解析:由上句的“lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁)”可知,对乔来说,爬回来或者西蒙把他拽回来是不可能的,故选D项。 答案:D,A,B,Joes 10 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.11,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,10.A.heightB.weight C.strengthD.equipment 解析:由于乔在峭壁的边缘,所以他的体重把西蒙也慢慢地拉向了峭壁。故选B项。 答案:B 11.A.FinallyB.Patiently C.SurelyD.Quickly 解析:由“after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold”可知,此处用Finally表示“最终,”。 答案:A,A,B,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,Simon had to 12.In tears,he cut the rope.Joe 13 into a huge crevasse(裂缝) in the ice below.,12.A.stand backB.take a rest C.make a decisionD.hold on 解析:此处用make a decision表示“西蒙不得不下决心,割断绳子”。 答案:C 13.A.jumpedB.fell C.escapedD.backed 解析:既然西蒙把绳子割断了,所以乔掉进了下面一个巨大的冰缝里。故选fell。 答案:B,A,B,He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldnt walk,but he 14 to get out of the crevasse and started to 15 towards their camp,nearly ten kilometers 16.,14.A.managedB.planned C.waitedD.hoped 解析:由上句的“He couldnt walk”以及空前的but可知此处用managed表示“他设法从裂缝中出去”。 答案:A 15.A.runB.skate C.moveD.march 解析:由短文第一段内容可知,此处应选择move表示“朝他们的营地移动”。 答案:C 16.A.aroundB.away C.aboveD.along 解析:表示“他们的营地在接近10千米远的地方”要用away。 答案:B,A,B,Simon had 17 the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be 18,17.A.headed forB.traveled to C.left forD.returned to 解析:head for“前往”;travel to“到去”;leave for“动身去”;return to“回到”。此处用returned to表示“西蒙已经回到了山脚下的营地”。 答案:D 18.A.deadB.hurt C.weakD.late 解析:由空后的“but he didnt want to leave”可知此处应选择dead与该段最后的alive呼应,表示“他认为乔一定死了”。 答案:A,A,B,but he didnt want to leave 19.Three days later,in the middle of the night,he heard Joes voice.He couldnt 20 it.Joe was there,a few meters from their tent,still alive. 【语篇导读】 乔和西蒙是首批登上安第斯山脉最高峰的人,但在下山时,由于气候条件的变化,乔失足摔下,虽然摔断了一条腿,但三天后西蒙在距他们帐篷几米远的地方听到了乔的声音。,19.A.secretlyB.tiredly C.immediatelyD.anxiously 解析:此处用immediately表示“他不想马上离开”。 答案:C 20.A.findB.believe C.makeD.accept 解析:此处用believe表示“他不敢相信这件事情是真的:乔就在距离他们的帐篷几米远的地方,仍然活着”。 答案:B,
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