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九、词句猜测代词指代题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2017全国，B) I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.,The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.,语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员保罗纽曼之间的友谊。,We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.,语篇解读,24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first? A.Paul Newman wanted it. B.The studio powers didnt like his agent. C.He wasnt famous enough. D.The director remended someone else.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。,答案,解析,25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A.They were of the same age. B.They worked in the same theater. C.They were both good actors. D.They had similar characteristics.,解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。,答案,解析,26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Their belief. B.Their care for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other.,解析代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。,答案,解析,27.What is the authors purpose in writing the text? A.To show his love of films. B.To remember a friend. C.To introduce a new movie. D.To share his acting experience.,解析写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有： (1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which.” refer to? (2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which.” in Paragraph.refers to “ ”.,二、解题技巧“就近原则”判指代 第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置 代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。 第二步：熟悉代词的含义 (1)it/this/that可指代一件事。 (2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。 (3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。,第三步：替换核实再比较 (1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。 (2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。 例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared the belief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；the belief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。,随堂限时练,A (2018和平区三模) Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways. But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits，they are often unobtainable.Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.,For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare.When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks，there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday.For some，this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.,The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff mitted to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day.Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.Schools also have an important role in safe guarding childrens welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils.During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed.,While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live.The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning. In setting out its plans for a five-term year，Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks，with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks，each followed by a two-week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.,We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.However，this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.,1.The passage is probably written by . A.an experienced teacherB.a working parent C.an inspired studentD.a city council member,解析推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段“.Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks，with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks.”和“We believe this will give real down time for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.”以及最后一段中“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff.”可知，说话者的口气“我们相信”“我们承认”，由此推知作者是城市委员会的一员。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析代词指代题。根据画线后一词unobtainable“无法得到的”词义以及前面提到的“holidays are expensive(假期是昂贵的)”可知，代词they指代前文的holidays，意为“对于一些低收入家庭或靠救济而过活的家庭来说，假期是无法得到的”。,2.The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to . A.environments B.holidays C.wages D.benefits,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“.Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks.”可知，假期被缩短到4.5周。,3.It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to . A.2 weeks B.4.5 weeks C.5 weeks D.6 weeks,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句以及倒数第二段最后一句可知，学校将致力于为学生提供一个有爱的、激励的学习环境，而这种缩短假期的方案将使教职工和学生得到一个真正的休整时间且不影响学习。也就是说，通过缩短假期可以让大家在这样一个有爱的、激励的学习环境中受益更多。,4.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students . A.obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs B.get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C.benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D.have more school days to receive free school meals,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff.”可知，一些学校员工将会反对这个计划。,5.It can be inferred from the passage that . A.working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children B.the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out C.the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time” D.some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B If you work hard to have a positive attitude，you might be surprised by how much better you feel about yourself and life in general.When you turn away from the negative and focus on the positive，you open your mind to appreciate the good things around you that might have otherwise gone unnoticed. Having a positive attitude can also reduce your stress level.The less stress you feel，the better you will feel overall.So if youve been feeling tired，put on a happy face and you just might feel better soon.,But how can you have a positive attitude when life is hard？Its more than just turning lifes lemons into lemonade.Having a positive attitude can take some hard work.But its worth it.Here are some ways you can develop and maintain a positive attitude even in the midst of lifes troubles. A positive attitude doesnt mean ignoring lifes troubles.It just means being an optimist and looking for the good in things，rather than being a pessimist and concentrating on the bad in things.Sometimes your perspective can make all the difference in the world.,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。积极乐观的心态能够使你保持良好的精神面貌，文章介绍了保持积极乐观的意义及若干方法，其中包括寻找事情中好的一面，微笑和锻炼。,Smile and laugh！Yes，it can be that simple.Learn to love life，no matter whats going on.Smile at others and they will smile back at you.Have fun and find the humor in life.Sometimes laughter really is the best medicine. Exercise！Get off the couch and get moving.Being active and healthy can give you a pletely different outlook on life.When you feel better physically，you often naturally feel better mentally，too.,语篇解读,解析指代猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：当你把注意力从消极的事情转移到积极的事情上时，你就会敞开心扉去欣赏你周围原本未注意到的美好事物。此处that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the good things。,6.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to . A.the positive feelingsB.the good things C.the surprising resultsD.the importance of life,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，保持积极乐观的态度能控制压力水平。故选D。,7.What probably helps to keep your stress level proper? A.Working hard at your lessons. B.Setting up a practical goal. C.Feeling proud of yourself. D.Keeping yourself positive.,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.We can learn from the third paragraph that . A.it is impossible to keep positive B.keeping positive costs a lot of money C.there are tips for keeping yourself positive D.there are many troubles in daily life,解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Here are some ways you can develop and maintain a positive attitude even in the midst of lifes troubles.”可知，有一些保持积极乐观的方法。故选C。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.According to the text，you can keep positive by . a.avoiding all troublesb.looking for the good in things c.being friendly to othersd.being a pessimist e.depending on medicinef.staying healthy A.a，d，e B.b，c，f C.c，d，e D.a，b，f,解析细节理解题。文章后三段讲述了保持积极乐观的若干方法，其中包括寻找事情中好的一面、对其他人友好和保持健康，故B项为正确答案。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,10.The text is mainly to tell us . A.how to keep positive B.the right attitude towards life C.the importance of health D.ways of dealing with stress,解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何保持积极乐观。故选A。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,
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