资源描述
第12讲介词与介词短语,专题一语法知识,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,1.Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018江苏,33) A.in line with B.in reply to C.in return for D.in honour of,解析,解析句意为:中国的软实力在增长,这与中国在全球范围内得到越来越多的欣赏和理解是一致的。in line with意为“与一致”,符合语境。in reply to回复,答复;in return for作为对的回报;in honour of为了向表示尊敬。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2.Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went _.(2018天津,11) A.at first B.after all C.above all D.at random,解析,解析句意为:鲍勃以为他不能去参加聚会了,因为他得写一份报告,但他最终还是去了。after all意为“毕竟,最终,终究”,符合语境,故选B。at first起初,最初;above all首先,最重要的是;at random任意地,漫无目的地。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3.Good morning,Mr Lees office. Good morning.Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.(2018北京,14) A.for B.onC.in D.at,解析“make an appointment for时间”表示“约某个时间见面或对某个时间做出预约安排”。本句中的make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon的意思是“约定下周三下午见面”。此题很容易误选B项,表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时,前面的介词用on,但是B项表示“在某个时间做或者发生某件具体的事情”。句意为: 早上好,这里是李先生的办公室。早上好。我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,4.Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏,32) A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to,解析,解析句意为:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合句意可知,这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to与相比;in defense of保卫,为辩护;in face of面对。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,5.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津,12) A.among B.against C.behind D.below,解析,解析句意为:当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时,你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中,为所围绕,符合语境。against以为背景,衬托;behind在后面;below在下面。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,6.We offer an excellent education to our students._,we expect students to work hard.(2017天津,13) A.On average B.At best C.In return D.After all,解析,解析句意为:我们向学生提供优质的教育,同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬,作为回报,符合语境。on average平均来看;at best充其量,至多;after all毕竟,终究。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,7.Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017北京,35) A.at B.in C.on D.by,解析,解析句意为:很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry,以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,8.The dictionary is _:many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津,2) A.out of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach,解析,解析考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为:这部词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时,符合语境。out of control失控;out of sight看不见;out of reach够不着。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏,34) A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for,解析,解析句意为:如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话,我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏,由于;regardless of不管,不顾;aside from除了,除以外;but for要不是,如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,诊断报告,解题方法 1.汉语对照法 在高考试题中,考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的,这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词,这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。 2.固定短语法 关于介词的固定搭配,在解答试题时,要注意从句子中找出中心词汇,也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配,符合句子意思,这样问题就会很快被解决。如第7题。,3.利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目 关于介词短语的相关题目,一般采用将介词短语置入句子,并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识,然后读懂题干的含义。,考点突破,考点1语境词义辨析,1.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016浙江,7) A.on B.in C.at D.about,解析句意为:该项研究表明,我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中,为固定搭配,故选B。,解析,答案,2.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?(2015浙江,3) A.about B.to C.with D.over,解析,解析句意为:你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗?be home to为固定搭配,意为“是的栖息地,是的家园”。,答案,考点归纳,常用介词如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,out of,across等含义较多,应全面掌握。 (1)against有“违背,违逆;反对;对不利;倚;靠;碰撞;预防;衬托”之意。 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the mittee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都反对。,(2)beyond可表示“范围,限度”,意为“超出,为所不及”。 常用短语:beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control “无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/难以想象/不能相信/够不着/管不了”。 To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me. 被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人,我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。 (3)by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”,还可作“按;以计;依据”讲。 As far as I know,workers are generally paid by the month. 据我所知,工人们的工资通常按月来付。,(4)for有“就而言;从来看;达,计;为”之意。 The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education. 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。 (5)off有“在离不远处;在沿海的海面”之意。 The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. 威尔旅馆坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。 (6)across有“横跨”之意。 It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet. 它可以在水面上跑数米的距离,通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。,(7)on/upon有“刚就;一就”之意,后接名词或动词-ing形式。 Upon hearing the funny story,everyone burst into laughter. 一听到这个滑稽的故事,大家都哈哈大笑起来。 (8)over可表示时间,意为“在期间;直到结束”。 Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks. 很抱歉我没有给您打电话,但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。,考点2介词短语辨析,1.That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help._,hes reliable.(2016浙江,6) A.Or else B.In short C.By the way D.For one thing,解析,解析句意为:那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作,总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之,他是可靠的。or else否则,要不然;in short总之,简言之;by the way顺便说一下;for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为B。,答案,2.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北,30) A.in advance B.in detail C.in total D.in general,解析,解析句意为:这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你,如果你在这里吸烟,你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知,说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实,所以选择in advance。in detail详细地;in total总共;in general一般来说。,答案,考点归纳,1.几组常见的介词短语 (1)out of名词 out of question毫无疑问;out of the question不可能;out of order次序颠倒;out of sight看不见;out of place不合适;out of pity出于同情;out of curiosity出于好奇 (2)in名词 in power掌权;in good condition状态良好;in despair绝望地;in public/secret公开地/秘密地;in tears哭泣;in good/bad repair保养得好/不好;in charge负责,掌管;in a hurry 匆忙;in anger生气;in trouble有困难,(3)in名词介词 in case of以防万一;in honor of为了纪念;in favor of支持;in memory of为了纪念;in charge of负责;in terms of从角度;in need of需要;in praise of表扬;in view of鉴于;in return for作为对的回报;in response to对的答复或反应 (4)under名词 under control受控;under attack遭到攻击;under way在进行中;under discussion在讨论;under consideration在讨论/考虑中,(5)at名词 at work在工作;at play在玩耍;at dinner在吃饭;at ease轻松,自由自在;at war 在打仗 (6)on名词 on fire着火;on purpose故意地;on duty值日;on the phone在打电话;on leave在休假;on holiday在度假;on a walk在散步;on the rise/fall上升/下降;on sale出售;on show/exhibition展出;on business 出差;on ones way to在去的路上;on a visit/trip/tour出行,(7)to ones情感名词 to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是;to ones joy使某人高兴的是;to ones disappointment令某人失望的是;to ones delight使某人高兴的是 2.注意下列短语中介词的用法 for nothing不花钱,免费 e across the room穿过房间 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week按周获得报酬 be particular about.对苛求、挑剔,with satisfaction满意地 be second to none不输于任何人;不比任何东西差 on ones own独自地 in great quantity大量地,大批量 in great demand需求量很大 take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展 keep an eye on照看,照料 with the help of在的帮助下 under the leadership of在的领导下,the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章 a bird in the tree树上的鸟 apples on the tree树上的苹果 tickets for the concert音乐会的票 in the direction of朝着的方向 from the direction of从的方向 set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样,3.下列短语中to 为介词 belong to属于 date back to追溯到 look forward to盼望;期望 be addicted to沉溺于 be accustomed to习惯于 be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to坚持,专项训练,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.It is known that theory is based on practice and serves practice. (2018河北区二模) A.in need B.in return C.in turn D.in place,解析,解析in need在危难中,在危急中;in return作为报答/回报;in turn依次,转而,轮流地,反过来;in place在合适的位置,适当的。句意为:众所周知,理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。故选C。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.It was warm and nice that evening.I stayed awake until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.(2018河东区一模) A.on average B.on purpose C.on business D.on time,解析,解析on average平均起来;on purpose故意地;on business出差;on time按时,准时。句意为:为了能亲自好好地看一看月亮,我特地(故意地)保持清醒到11点。由句意可知答案选B。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.Bob is kind,hard-working and intelligent; ,I cant speak too highly of him.(2018河北区一模) A.as a result B.in a word C.by the way D.on the contrary,解析,解析as a result结果,因此;in a word总之,一句话;by the way顺便说一句;on the contrary(与此)相反,正相反。句意为:鲍伯是一个善良、勤奋并且聪明的人;总之,我再怎么高地评价他都不为过。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.It seems a little ugly to me. ,I think its rather beautiful.(2017红桥区二模) A.In other words B.On the other hand C.On the contrary D.In a nutshell,解析,解析句意为:这对我来说有点难看。恰恰相反,我觉得它相当漂亮。on the contrary(与此)相反,正相反,符合句意。in other words换句话说;on the other hand另一方面;in a nutshell简而言之。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.Simply raise your hand,and a taxi appears . (2017天津十二所重点中学二模) A.at no time B.at one time C.in no time D.for the time being,解析,解析句意为:只要你招招手,出租车就会立即出现。in no time马上,立即,符合句意。at no time从未;at one time曾经,一度;for the time being暂时。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.Your attitude life determines how happy or unhappy you are. (2017北京海淀区一模) A.towards B.with C.on D.for,解析,解析句意为:你对生活的态度决定你有多快乐或不快乐。attitude to/towards对的态度。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.With the development of economy,our ine has increased _ 10% in less than a year.(2017北京海淀区二模) A.for B.by C.on D.at,解析,解析句意为:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。by表示数量的增减程度,符合句意。for为了;on在某方面;at(用于速度、比率等)以,达。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.The debate here will be limited in two main respects, the time available.(2017和平区一模) A.in view of B.in return for C.in addition to D.in parison with,解析,解析句意为:鉴于可用的时间,这里的辩论将限定在两个主要方面。in view of鉴于,由于,符合句意。in return for作为对的回报;in addition to除之外(还有);in parison with与相比较。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.Hopefully,the new method will be effective,helping students to get their career plans . A.at hand B.at will C.on trial D.on track,解析,解析句意为:希望这种新方法能有效地帮助学生们实现他们的职业生涯规划。on track步入正轨,做法对头,符合句意。at hand在手边,在附近;at will任意,随意;on trial受审,在试验/测试中。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.Bless your heart,I know you didnt break the vase .Dont cry! (2017南开区一模) A.on purpose B.by accident C.on business D.by mistake,解析,解析on purpose故意地;by accident偶然地;on business出差;by mistake弄错。由语境“我知道你不是故意的”知A项正确。,答案,
展开阅读全文