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六、推理判断写作意图题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2018北京，C) Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.,Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a mercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.,Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a plex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.” Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But pared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?,语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。,Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”,语篇解读,解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“.found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene.”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。,43.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food. B.They are newly evolved creatures. C.They can consume plastics. D.They wind up in landfills.,答案,解析,44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to . A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed,解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The next step.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B “查明酶的来源”与此吻合。,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply millions of worms.”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。,45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future,答案,解析,解析写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。,46.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms. B.To introduce the diet of a special worm. C.To present a way to break down plastics. D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读 各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有： 1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图： (1)The writer writes this passage in order to . (2)The purpose of the text is to . (3)What is the main purpose of the passage? (4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that . 2.某处细节的写作目的/意图： (1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to . (2)The writer uses the example of.to . (3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .,二、解题技巧 1.文体特点推意图 (1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。 (2)应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。 (3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。 (4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。,2.看写作手法找答案 (1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。 (2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show. 例如：【真题感悟】中的第46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。,随堂限时练,A (2018天津部分区县二模) Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep. The circadian clock，more monly known as the body clock，is an internal system that tells our bodies when its time to go to sleep and when its time to go to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin(褪黑激素) circulating in a persons blood at any given time.,In a healthy sleeper，melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime，stay high through the night，and then settle back down when its time to wake up. In our modern society，however，most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.It may also have other health consequences as well，such as diabetes(糖尿病)，overweight and heart disease.,Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team recruited 14 physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s.Nine went on a weekend camping trip，while the other five stayed home. At the end of the weekend，the researchers reported that in just two days，the campers body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip.By contrast，the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend. “This tells us we can reset our clocks fast，” Wright said.,Therefore，if you want to change your sleep patterns，you could try to increase your exposure to nature light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesnt work，theres always camping.,1.The author wrote this article mainly to . A.explain why it is bad for our health not to sleep enough B.inform us of a possible way to adjust the circadian clock C.analyze how the circadian clock influences our sleeping habits D.explore how the circadian clock is connected with melatonin levels,解析写作意图题。根据文章内容“A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.”可知，作者写作本文主要是告诉我们一种调整生物钟的可行的方法。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.”和第三段内容可知，褪黑激素是促进睡眠的，如果早上闹钟响起而体内褪黑激素依然保持较高水平，那么人应该是会感到疲劳的。故可推知，“grogginess”指的是“疲劳”。,2.The underlined word “grogginess” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”. A.tiredness B.excitement C.refreshment D.pressure,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，作者是将待在室内与待在室外的人进行比较，得出的结论。by categorization归类；by parison比较；by the order of time按时间顺序；by the order of space按空间顺序。,3.How does the author develop the passage? A.By categorization. B.By parison. C.By the order of time. D.By the order of space.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据文章第六段的内容可知，通过对比两组人群的睡眠表现发现，那些待在户外的人可以在短时间内调整好生物钟。,4.What did Wrights team discover from their experiment? A.The body clocks of the two groups didnt show much difference. B.The body clocks of those who stayed home remained the same. C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period. D.Changes to the circadian clock dont necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，我们可以通过待在户外，接触更多的自然光以及夜晚减少照射人造光来改变我们的睡眠习惯。,5.According to the article，wed better to improve our sleeping habit. A.spend weeks sleeping outdoors B.try to reduce melatonin levels at night C.set an alarm clock to go off every morning D.expose ourselves to more nature light in the day and less artificial light at night,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B (2018河西区一模) One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son in charge of his 8-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister.On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with plete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children.Later，I discovered that plete confidence was the last thing I should have left home with.,I had decided to return home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out.I called home with this happy news.But instead of hearing his cheerful，grateful voice on the other end of the line，all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing. It was，I should point out，after 10 p.m.，when the two younger children should have been in bed，and when the two older children should have been answering the phone.“Ill give him a lesson，” I said.I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？I had no idea，but it was the only explanation I could e up with.,Finally，in desperation，I called his girlfriends house.After what seemed like countless rings，his girlfriend answered.“Yes，” she said brightly，“Hes right here.” He came to the phone.I was not my usual calm，rational self.After all，one of the rules of survival for modern parents is that you cant trust modern teenagers.“Where are the children？” I said.He said they were with him.They had done nothing wrong.My son had taken the younger children over to his girlfriends house just for ice cream and cake.This was too good to be believed.Well，it turned out that I shouldnt have believed it.It was only part of the truth.,The following Saturday evening we were at my parents home，celebrating my birthday.My oldest son gave me the childrens gifts.Mounted and framed were a series of lovely color photographs of my children，dressed in their best clothes，and wearing their most wonderful expressions.They are pictures to treasure a lifetime，all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend.,6.The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger children because . A.she knew that her eldest son was a good baby-sitter B.she thought it no hard work to take care of the younger ones C.she believed he could do well with his girlfriends help D.she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with plete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children.”可知，作者离开时非常自信，认为在他女朋友的帮助下，年纪大的孩子可以照顾好小孩子。,6,7,8,9,10,7.When the author called home that evening，she found that . A.there was no one answering the telephone B.the children were preparing a birthday gift for her C.her son was quarrelling with his girlfriend D.her son had brought his girlfriend home,解析细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing”可知，作者听到的只有电话铃声，家里没人接电话。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,8.According to Paragraph 3，“it” means . A.the two younger children have been in bed B.the older children have been answering the phone C.the author will give her older son a lesson D.the older son went outside with his girlfriend,解析代词指代题。根据第三段中的“I decided they must be outside. Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？”可知，it指的是作者的大儿子和他的女朋友出去了。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.What might the children do that evening? A.They had a birthday party. B.They had their pictures taken. C.They framed some photographs. D.They made some beautiful clothes.,解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，作者收到的孩子们的礼物是一些照片“all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend”而且这些照片都是儿子女朋友的爸爸拍的，可见吃冰淇淋和蛋糕并不是孩子们做的所有的事情，他们还给妈妈准备了生日礼物。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,10.What does the author intend to tell us by the story? A.Modern teenagers are not worth trusting. B.It is no easy job to look after young children. C.It is no good to have a girlfriend at an early age. D.Her children have a caring and tender heart.,解析写作目的题。文章通过描述了孩子们为妈妈精心准备珍贵的照片作为生日礼物，说明孩子们的关心和体贴。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,
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