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高中语法：主谓一致. 主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is true.【注意】 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought were three English books. What I say and do has nothing to do with you. a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine. The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon. 2. “单数名词 + and + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：You and I are good friends.The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news. 【注意】如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数： a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语 a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语 The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people. The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people. 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Every man, woman, and child needs love.Each boy and girl was given a book.Every minute and every second is precious. 有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knife and fork 刀叉 needle and thread 针线bread and butter 面包和黄油 fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条the stars and stripes 星条旗Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England.The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A.3. 主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:The factory with all its equipment has been burnt. The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight. The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident. 4. each; each + 单数可数名词；each of + 复数名词 作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Each arrives on time. Each of the building is painted a different color. 5. 由any, some, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：Everybody is doing his best. There is nothing you can do to help.6. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：He who laughs last laughs best.试比较：He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 7. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式, 这些词有army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等：The graduating class is in the laboratory. The class were all cheerful.A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win. The team were talking over some new plans. 【注意】people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数: The police are looking for the lost child. 8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致: Such is the result. Such are the facts.【练一练】1. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand2. Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, _ to France?-Really? No wonder I havent seen him these days.A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone3. There _ a pair of trousers on the bed.A. are B. is C. has D. have4. _ and _ are going abroad next Thursday? Which of the following is wrong?A. The father; son B. The singer; dancer C.A singer; a dancer D. He; I 5. A _ and _ has been bought for you. Which of the following is wrong?A. gold watch; chain B. knife; fork C. desk; but D. pen; pencil6. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. has 7. Every student and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting 8. The New York Times _ all over the United States. A. is read B. is reading C. are read D. are reading9. There _ to be something wrong with his sister, _?A. seem; isnt it B. seems; doesnt there C. seem; isnt there D. seems; doesnt it10. I think Tom, _ you, _ to blame.A. rather than; is B. rather than; are C. more than; are D. less than; is11. The speakers at the meeting agreed that the ways in which television can educate a person_ almost infinite. A. be B. are C. is D. are12. “If anybody _, please put down _ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book; his B. want to buy the book; theirC. will buy the book; ones D. wants to have the book bought; her13. My family _ large and my family _ reading. A. is; enjoy B. is; enjoys C. are; enjoy D. are; enjoys14. The customs and culture of America _ very much like _ of England. A. is; that B. are; those C. have been; the ones D. has been; the one15. Only one of the students who _ present _ to speak at the meeting. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are. 逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Which is you favorite subject?Which are your favorite subjects?All is going well.All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eight hours of sleep is enough.Ten dollars is too much to pay for the shirt.3. 复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City.The Thames has a large population. 4. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：World economics has a direct effect on world peace. Physics was her major.5. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.The good are well rewarded, and the bad punished. 【练一练】16. _ is _. Which is wrong?A. Two days; a long vacation for the students B. One and a half dollars; not enough.C. The New York Times; published daily C. 800 miles; long distance 17. The rich _ not always happy. A. is B. are C. has D. have18. What she left me _ a few old books.A. is B. are C. has D. have19. Ten minutes _ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A. is B. are C. seems D. seem20. The Philippines _ of more than 7,000 islands. A. consists B. consist C. make up D. makes up. 就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由or; eitheror; neither nor; whetheror; not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：George or I am wrong.Either John or his friends are to blame for the bad results.Neither my brother nor I am going to the summer camp. Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to the party.2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导的句子用法相同)There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty girls and only one boy in our class.【练一练】21. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be22. Either the teachers or the president _ the meeting. A. attends B. attend C. are attending D. have attended 23. The manager or his secretary _ to give you an interview. A. is B. are C. were D. have 24. Neither of your suggestions _ sense. A. makes B. make C. is made D. are made25. There _ 20 dollars and two cards in my purse. A. are B. is C. have D. has. 表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式1. “many a / more than one + 单数名词” 作主语时，谓语用单数：Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. More than one grammatical mistake was found in his composition. 2. 表示鸟兽鱼群的词, 如 a flock of birds, a pack of dogs, a pride of lions, a herd of cattle, a school of fish等作主语，谓语用单数：A flock of birds is circling overhead. 3. a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the percentage of, 分数词 + of, a quantity of, quantities of 作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Two-fifths of the money is mine. Two-fifths of the students in the class are from English-speaking countries.There was quantities of rain this fall.4. a great deal of, an amount of, a little of, much of等与不可数名词连用时，谓语用单数：Much of the furniture is uncomfortable. There is a limited amount of oil in the world. 5. a good many, a great many, a number of 与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：There were a great many people in the park. A number of students were absent. 【注意】 “the number of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语”，表示“的数目”： The number of days in a week is seven.【练一练】26. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south, the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is27. The number of people invited _ fifty; but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was, B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were28. Many a child _ to walk before he can speak. A. learn B. learns C. learned D. have learned29. More than one girl _ late for class this morning. A. are B. is C. was D. were30. The population of China _ over 1,200 million and eighty percent of the population _ peasants.A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are Homework:1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. wasB. were C. had been D. would be 2. The rich_ not always happy. . A. isB. are C. has D. have3. This special strain of rice _ one-third more of the crop in the same field. A. makes possible to produceB. makes it possible to produceC. make possible producingD. make it possible producing4. A variety of books _ the children of different ages. A. are interested in B. is interested in C. are intending for D. is intending for5. Tom as well as two of his friends _ to the concert last night A. has been invited B. had been invited C. were invited D. was invited 6.Mike, what did our monitor say just now?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.A. is; isB. are; is C. is; are D. are; are7. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and paintings tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were8. It is I _ my parents who_ to blame for the accident. A. other than; are B. rather than; am C. more than; are D. than; is9. In our school, many a boy _ playing football and more girls than one _ playing it. A. likes; likesB. like; like C. like; likesD. likes; like10. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. areB. is C. haveD. be 11. What we used to think _ impossible now does seem possible. A. isB. was C. has been D. will be12.As you can see，the price of pork，eggs and grain rising _ these days.A. are keepingB. keep C. keeps D. were keeping13. Three students in ten will go and _ to stay in the classroom.A. the rest are B. the rest is C. the other are D. the other is14. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A. isB. are C. wasD. were15. E-mail, as well as telephones, _an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playingD play16. No freshman and no graduate _ to sit in on the forum. A. are allowed B. is allowedC. are agreed D. is agreed17. On each side of the street _a lot of trees. A. stands B. standC. is standingD. are grown18. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working19. About one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai_ netizens, but in poorer areas, only three or four percent _online. A. is; isB. are; are C. are; is D. is; are20. The theory hes stuck _ us that earthquake can be forecast. A. to provesB. to prove C. to provingD. to provedKeys:【练一练】 1-5. ABBBD 6-10. CCABA 11-15. BAABC 16-20. DBBCA 21-25. BAAAB 26-30. BCBCCHomework:1-5. ABBBD 6-10. BABDB 11-15. BCADA 16-20. BBCBA
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