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专题十五阅读表达,高考英语（天津专用）,阅读表达是阅读理解和书面表达的结合,它要求考生在正确理解文章内容的基础上,按照题目要求用合理的形式来回答问题。 阅读表达属于主观题。它的作用是综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力,又考查考生的英语表达能力。此外,其开放性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。 一、细节表达题 1.题目要求:要求考生能够捕捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息,并结合文 中的具体要求进行回答。,方法技巧,2.设问形式:此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容,常用what,why,how等特殊疑问词进行提问。 3.答题技巧:解该类题时,首先要仔细审题,然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句,结合该语句(或其上下句)的内容,用正确的格式进行回答,答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。 4.常见的回答方式有: 问题形式:Why.? 回答形式:Because+句子(表示原因);Because of+名词性短语(表示原因);To + 动词原形(表示目的);In order to + 动词原形(表示目的)。 问题形式:What.?,回答形式:完整的句子;名词(短语);动名词(短语)。 问题形式:列举性问题。 回答形式:名词(短语);动名词(短语)。 问题形式:How.?(询问方式) 回答形式:By (doing).; 完整的句子。 例1(2018天津夏) 1Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life. 2When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods,of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to?Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be start-ing to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps. 3I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top!But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didnt e home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared. 57.Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain?Give two reasons.(no more than 15 words),答案Because it was getting dark, and she didnt want her mother to worry about her. Or:Because she was scared, and might not be able to find her/the way back home.细节表达题。由第三段最后三句“如果我继续攀登,我可能会看不见回去的路。如果我不能很快回到家,妈妈会极度担心的。因此我几乎是在黑暗中跑回家的,努力不让自己感到太害怕。”可知答案。,答案He encouraged/forted/inspired her.细节表达题。由第四段中的Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know its hard, but its all about persistence.”可知,在Alice感到沮丧时,父亲坐下来和她谈心,给她安慰与鼓励。,59.According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in mon?(no more than 10 words) 答案They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.细节表达题。由尾段中的We are both passionate about acting, which es from us being so interested in people.可知答案。,二、主旨表达题 1.题目要求:概括全文或文中某一段的大意;给文章拟一个恰当的标题。 2.设问形式:Whats the main idea of the passage/Paragraph.? Whats the passage mainly about? Whats the best title for the passage? 3.答题技巧:考生在回答该类问题时,要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意;善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。 解该类题时,注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词,二要语言简练。 4.常用的回答形式有: 名词短语/动名词短语;,名词+后置定语;名词+定语从句;名词+同位语从句; 名词性从句或“疑问词+不定式”:What./Why./How./How to.。 例(2017天津春) 4I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate. Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well. Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dignity. Many of the people whom I have met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life. Perhaps I re-ceived far more than I ever gave. 59.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words),答案The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act. Or:The author learned that volunteerism is a two-way act. Or:The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work. 主旨表达题。由段落首句I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate.可知答案。,三、推断表达题 1.题目要求:要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析,做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容,一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断; 二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。 2.设问形式: Whats the purpose of the text?,For what purpose does the author mention.in Paragraph.? What does the author really mean by saying.? What kind of attitude does the author have towards.? What does.imply? What can we learn from the text? 3.答题技巧: 要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。 要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工,不能断章取义,以偏概全。 要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。,不能主观臆想,也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 了解语篇结构,重视文章的主旨,体会文章基调,所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。 把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系,把握逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音,揣摩出作者的态度。 回答要紧扣题目,语言既要完整,又要简洁,不要超过规定词数。 4.常用的回答形式有: To show/inform us that.; To give us useful tips/advice/suggestions on how to.; To encourage/persuade us to.; 完整的句子。,例1(2018天津春) 3Helping customers and establishing connections with them is one of the things I love most about my job. About two months ago, I helped a woman who was looking for a dress. She told me exactly what she was picturinga blue dress with long sleeves and a lace neck. We didnt have any such dress, and when I explained that to her, she wasnt very happy. Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find other items in her size that could work. We shared our love of the Netflix fashion show, and she ended up buying $200 worth of new clothes, having found other items she liked. This experience has taught me to be more open with strangers.,58.How did the author manage to meet the customers needs in Para. 3?(no more than 15 words),答案She learned about the customers interest and helped her get the clothes that suited her.Or:By learning about the customers taste and what her dress was for. Or:She helped the customer to get the clothes she liked. 推断表达题。由第三段的Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find oth-er items in her size that could work.可知,作者试着去了解顾客的品味,帮助顾客买到满意的衣服。,例2(2018天津夏) 4Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there?Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never ing back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again. 58.How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4?(no more than 10 words),答案She had rich imagination and she was brave. Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination. Or:She was imaginative and determined, and she dared to explore. Or:She was imaginative, adventurous and determined. 推断表达题。由第四段内容“我急切地躺在床上想象着我会在神奇的山顶发现什么。那儿会有城堡吗?或许我会发现一个怪物。或许我在冒着永远回不了家的风险。或许我什么也发现不了!但是我内心深处的某种东西让我打算不惜任何代价去攀登那座山。我几乎等不及再次冒险”可知答案。,四、猜词表达题 (一)题目要求:考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定 语言环境中的确切含义。 (二)设问形式: Whats the meaning of the underlined word/phrase/part in the.paragraph? What does the underlined part in the.paragraph mean? (三)答题技巧:结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测,还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义。有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解,甚至通过理解整个语篇才能进行猜测判断。 (四)常用的回答形式有:相近含义、相同词性的单词;完整、直白、简短的句子。,1.根据上下文语境理解句子含义 例1(2017天津夏) 2One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I needed discipline. 57.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?(no more than 5 words),答案I got/was criticised/scolded.根据前面的“thinking I would defi-nitely be criticised”和“As expected”以及后面“why I needed disci-pline”的暗示可知答案。,答案I could read and write.作者刚学攀岩时很害怕,经过不断的练习,他开始变得擅长它。同样,由于自身缺陷,他一开始回避读写,通过每天练习,他最终学会了读写。,2.根据释义猜测词义 借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义。构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接;定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。 如果生词在文中直接被句子或段落解释,理解句子或段落本身就能推断出词义。,例(2014天津) 4The job was strenuousshe could get to the end of a page,make a mis-take on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of years,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校对)at the CNIBs word facto-ry. 58.What does the underlined word “strenuous”most probably mean?(1 word),答案Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough.画线词后面的句子是对该词的解释,即她快译完一页时,若在最后一行出错,她还得从头开始。由此可推测strenuous意为“艰难的”。,3.根据逻辑关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中,有时会对两种事物或现象进行对比(unlike, not.but., however, despite, in spite of, in contrast和while等)或类比(similarly, like, also, as well等)性的描述,我们可以根据画线词的反义词或同义词来猜测其意义;在句子或段落中,若两种事物或现象之间构成因果关系、替代关系等,我们可以根据这些逻辑关系推知画线词的词义。,例 1Born in 1949,Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion.Like many young athletes,she had Olympic dreams,but a serious illness kept her from peting in the Games.The disappointment didnt stop her from going forward.Instead,she became interested in marathon swimming.A brilliant athlete,she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water.As a long-distance swimmer,she would pete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion. 57.What does the underlined word “obstacles”mean?(1 word),答案Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges.根据该词后的“presented by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion”可知,obstacles可由很多不利条件引起,故应表示“困难”、“问题”、“挑战”等。,五、观点态度表达题 1.题目要求:要求考生立足于语篇信息,陈述个人的观点和态度。 2.设问形式: Whats your attitude towards.? What would you do if you were.? Which.do you think is the best one? Which.is the most important one? What do you think of.?Why?,Do you agree.?Why? In your opinion, why is curiosity important? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were.? In your opinion, why is.?Please explain. What do you think of.?Give your reasons. 3.答题技巧:此题属于开放性试题。主要考查考生的思维、创新、分析以及表达能力。 考生答题时首先要把握语篇中作者的观点和态度,然后合理表达自己的观点。,此题有很强的主观性,要求考生答题时言之有理、符合逻辑、前后一 致、观点明确(尽量与作者观点保持一致);语言要准确连贯,表达规范;忌表意不清、条理不明。 4.常用的回答形式有: Yes. Because I think.; I like.best. Because.; I think he/she/it is(very)+adj.+because.; I would like to.,because.,解答此类题要求考生不仅能够从每小段找出能回答问题的关键句,而且能够围绕着作者的观点和文章的主题去找出能说明自己观点的关键句,还要能够答出文章没有给出的方法或建议。 如:If you take part in the program, which project are you interested in? Give your reasons. 回答: Im interested in.because.,例1(2018天津春) 1For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than that. . 4Every job has its share of frustrations and challenges;to do well you must learn to deal with them. Ive learned this from my own experience, and it has helped me in other aspects of my life as well. 60.What job would you like to do?How can you help people in your work?(no more than 20 words),答案Id like to be a teacher. I can help children acquire knowledge and grow up. Or:Id like to be a doctor so that I can improve peoples health and save their lives. Or:Id like to be a policeman. I can protect people from danger and create a safe living environment.观点态度表达题。结合文章中作者的经历及感受,设想自己想做的工作及能为他人做些什么。回答只要言之有理即可。,例2(2017天津夏) 1In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “I hate you!”Dad would yell back, “Good!I dont care!”Deep down I knew he did. .,5Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting, which es from us being so interested in people. If it werent for Dad, I wouldnt be where I am today. Hes my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way. 60.What do you think of Alices father?Please explain.(no more than 20 words),答案He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble. Or:He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in trou-ble, he is there for her.可结合文中体现父亲品质的细节来表达。,
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