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Module 1Unit 2Growing pains,1.defend vt.辩解,辩白;防御,保护 教材原句 They never even gave me a chance to defend (defend) myself.,重点单词,单句填空 What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending (defend) an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.(2018浙江改编) The female hormones also help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections. (2016四川改编),完成句子 We dont know how many people gave their livesin defence of(捍卫)freedom. The traveller may fire at a wild beast todefend himself(保护自己)in case he is attacked. Its natural for a country todefend itself from against (保护自己免受)other countries.,点拨 (1)defend oneself 自卫,为自己辩护 defend.from/against.保护免受的伤害 (2)defence n.防御;防护;保卫 in defence of 为了保护 点津 与defend.from.类似的短语还有: keep/prevent/stop.from.阻止做 protect.from.保护免受的伤害,2.deserve vt.值得;应得;应受 教材原句 They dont deserve an explanation(应该得到解释). 单句填空 I think your suggestion deserves trying/to be tried (try). They didnt deserveto win(win).,句型转换 We should keep in mind that everyones ideas deserve consideration. We should keep in mind that everyones ideas deserveconsidering. We should keep in mind that everyones ideas deserve to be considered.,完成句子 唐诗永远值得反复阅读。 Tang Poems deserve reading/deserve to be read again and again all the time. 我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。 I think any good suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to be considered.,点拨 deserve to do sth. 值得做某事 deserve to be done/deserve doing值得被做 deserve consideration 值得考虑 deserve ones respect值得某人的尊敬,点津 当物作主语时,deserve后接doing,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。need, want, require作“需要”讲时也有类似用法。,3.insist vi.坚持;坚持认为;坚决要求 教材原句 Recently, he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.,单句改错 They insisted going to the movies with us. 在insisted后面加on The old man insisted that he could be treated equally. 去掉could或couldshould He insisted that he be the best student in his class. bewas,单句填空 An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced ear- lier this year, insists that a human“(should) be (be)watchful and mon-itoring the road” at every moment.(2017天津改编) He persists in his bad habit. 点拨 insist on(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事 insist that.坚持认为,坚决要求,联想 后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有:一坚持(insist),二命令(order, mand),三建议(advise, suggest, propose),四要求(demand, re-quire, request, ask),外加一个敦促(urge)。 点津 insist that:表示“坚持认为”时,从句用陈述语气;表示“坚决要求”时,从句用虚拟语气,谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。,辨析 insist与persist,4.harm vt. 伤害某人/物,there is no harm in doing sth.=it does no harm to do sth.做某事没有什么坏处 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 be harmless to sb./sth.对某人/物无害 【辨析】 damage, destroy, injure, harm和hurt (1)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏,通常指那种使价值、有用性和,有效性减少的损害; (2)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏; (3)injure可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响; (4)harm与hurt主要指带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害。,5.forbid vt.禁止(forbade, forbidden) 教材原句 He even forbids me from chatting with my friends in the Internet cafe!,句型转换 考虑到他的学习,他的爸爸禁止他在微信上聊天。 In view of his study, his father forbade him/his chatting on WeChat. =In view of his study, his father forbade him to chat on WeChat. =In view of his study, his father forbade him from chatting on WeChat.,句式升级 We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him.(用it作形式主语 改写) Its forbidden for us to play on the lawn belonging to him. 点拨 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事,forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 Its forbidden(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)做某事是禁止的。 点津 forbid的近义词是ban和prohibit,ban/prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事。 forbid后常接动名词作宾语,这类常考动词还有admit(承认)、avoid(避免)、consider(考虑)、deny(否认)、imagine(想象)、mind(介意)、escape(避免)等。,6.limit n.界限;限制 vt.限制 教材原句 Many boys bee risk-takersthey want to find their own limits and the limits ( limit) of the world around them, but may not have the wis-dom to make good choices in their behaviour.,单句填空 To people who are used to the limited (limit)choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener.(2016课标全国改编) We have had to set limits on camping, hiking and river running.,完成句子 It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading (限制电子阅读).(2018课标全国改编) 句型转换 You should limit the length of the article to 400 words or so.(改写为被动语态) The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.,点拨 a limit to.的限度 set a limit to/on给设定限度 limit.to.把限定在范围内 limited adj.有限的 be limited to 受限于;被限制在范围内,联想 time limit 时间限制 speed limit 速度限制 to the limit 到顶点;到最大限度 within limits 在某种程度上;有一定限制 upper limit 上限 lower limit 下限,be supposed to 应该,应当 教材原句 But, but. you werent supposed to e (e) home until tomor-row!,重点短语,单句填空 Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required (require) vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.(2017北京改编) Supposing/Suppose(suppose)she doesnt e, what shall we do?,句型转换 你本应该昨天就把作业交上的。 You were supposed to have handed in your homework yesterday. (be supposed to) You should have handed in your homework yesterday. (should) You ought to have handed in your homework yes-terday. (ought to),点拨 be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做某事(实际上未做) be supposed to be.被认为是 I suppose so. 我认为是这样。 I suppose not.(=I dont suppose so.)我认为不是这样。 suppose/supposing(that)假设;假定,联想 表示“本来应该做某事(但未去做)”的结构还有should have done sth.和ought to have done sth.等。,1.过去分词作状语 教材原句 Eric runs in after it, followed (follow)by a big dog, walking very slowly.,重点句型,单句填空 Offered(offer)an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to bee famous. Translated(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. Thoughsurprised(surprise)to see us, the professor gave us a warm wele.,The officer walked out of the hall, followed(follow)by a group of reporters. 完成句子 Absorbed in every move of mine(专注于 我的每一个动作), the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture.,点拨 教材原句中的followed by a big dog为过去分词短语作伴随状语,follow与主语Eric在逻辑上是被动关系。过去分词除了作伴随状语外,还可以作方式、条件、时间和原因状语等。 点津 (1)分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前和构成分词的动词与句子主语为被动关系这两点是选用过去分词作状语时首先要考虑的;,(2)确定状语的类型时,要从分词所表示的动作与句子谓语动作的逻辑关系、分词的位置等入手; (3)过去分词不用于作目的状语和结果状语。,2.with的复合结构 教材原句 The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dish-es in the sink.,单句填空 With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day.(2018北京改编) With nothingto do(do),Tom sleeps at home. You should go to sleep with the light turned(turn) off. With winter ing(e) on,its time to buy warm clothes. With all the things she needed bought(buy),she went home happily.,句型转换(用with的复合结构改写下列句子) The College Entrance Examination is drawing near,so the students feel great pressure. With the College Entrance Examination drawing near,the students feel great pressure. After she took a great weight off her mind,she passed all the tests suc-cessfully. With a great weight taken off her mind,she passed all the tests suc-cessfully.,点拨 “with+宾语+宾语补足语”有六种情况: (1)with+名词/代词+现在分词; (2)with+名词/代词+形容词; (3)with+名词/代词+副词; (4)with+名词/代词+不定式; (5)with+名词/代词+过去分词; (6)with+名词/代词+介词短语。,点津 在with的复合结构中, 要特别注意宾语和宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系, 根据主动(现在分词)、被动(过去分词)、表示将来(不定式)等来选择正确的补足语形式。,3.have sth. done使被 教材原句 Daniel has his arms crossed (cross) and looks upset. 单句改错 Is this TV set the one you wish to have it repaired? 去掉it Who would you rather have to go to the cinema with you? 去掉第一个to,单句填空 Im sorry I cant go with you. I have some clothesto wash(wash). The boss had the workers working (work) day and night. I have some books to be taken (take) to my room,would you give me a hand? Im writing to you to have my resume revised (revise).,点拨 “have sth. done”表示“使被”,这个结构也可以表示个人遭遇(通常为不好或不幸的遭遇)。 点津 have sb./sth. doing让一直做 have sb./sth. do 让做 have sth. to do有某事要做(动作由主语发出,不定式作后置定语),have sth. to be done 有某事要做(动作不是由主语发出,不定式作后置定语) cant/wont have sb. doing.不允许某人做,4.every time引导时间状语从句 教材原句 Also, every each time (每当)I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.,单句改错 They rushed out on the moment they heard the shout for help. 去掉介词on They left Europe in the year the war broke out. 去掉介词in When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and wont have to break down the still at every time you need a drink. 去掉介词at,完成句子 郎(平)一踏进体育场,所有的人都站了起来。 The moment minute/instant second /As soon as Lang stepped into the stadium, nobody could stay seated. 我记得每次你来我们学校的时候,你都给我看一些关于那个主题的照片。 I remember you showed me some photos on that theme every time you visited our school.,点拨 every time为名词短语,在此处用作连词,引导时间状语从句,意思是 “每当”。 联想 可以引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有each time/the first time/next time/the last time。,点津 the first time 表示“第一次”,在句中可作宾语、表语,还可以用作连词,引导时间状语从句。for the first time 表示“第一次”,独立作状语,不能引导从句。,
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