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Unit One Living in HarmonyEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action Working with Words and Expressions1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. Answers:1) bunch2) amazed3) shift4) bundle5) drop6) capacity 7) participating8) style9) commerce10) rob11) symbol12) appreciated13) displayed14) slip15) conquer16) roast17) figured2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. Answers: 1) in rich contrast to 2) are exposed to3) risked his life4) rely on5) at knife-point6) stands out7) runs contrary to8) flag down 9) picks/picked up10) took a gamble on11) pulled away12) pulled over Increasing Your Word Power 1. CollocationsLook at the adverbs listed in the box below, and decide which adverb is needed to collocate with the verb in each sentence. Fill the correct adverb into the blank in the sentence. The same word may be used in more than one sentence. Consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers: 1) out 2) over 3) back 4) down 5) over 6) up 7) out 8) back 9) down 10) out 11) up 12) over 13) back 14) out 15) down 16) over 2. Study the different meanings of the word “than” in the following sentences. Answers for Reference:1) Action speaks louder than words. 2) Production here needs temperatures lower than 25 degrees Celsius.3) I like to keep things rather than throw them away. 4) There is nobody here other than me. 5) Shed rather leave her job than (be forced to) work for that boss. 3. Word BuildingNow choose the Chinese meaning from Column B that matches each italicized word in Column A. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers:1) d. 2) k 3) n 4) j 5) a 6) g 7) f 8) b 9) o 10) m 11) p 12) e 13) c 14) h 15) i 16) l Grammar in Context 1. The ing form and the infinitive form of the verb Task: Choose either the infinitive form or the ing form of the verb in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences. Answers:1) preparing2) to thank3) repairing / to be repaired4) to get5) studying6) being treated7) missing8) to reduce9) to leave10) worrying2. The ed form and the ing form of the verb Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the ed form and ing form of the verb. Reflect on its grammatical function in each sentence.Task：Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, paying attention to the use of the -ing form and the -ed form of verbs. Answers:1) kept nodding, rather confused 2) Fallen leaves 3) surprised, hiding4) Deeply moved 5) following 6) Being, interested7) located 8) readingCloze Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given. Answers:1) relying 2) intrigued 3) penny 4) for 5) covered 6) treated 7) amazed 8) contrary 9) generally 10) whatever 11) invited 12) attentive 13) where Translation Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets. Answers for Reference: 1) The rumor about his divorce is just a ploy to gain publicity for his new film.2) He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the money his parents had left him.3) After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.4) In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures.5) In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) The baby is the very picture of health.7) People have realized the dangers of exposing children to violence and sex on TV.8) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.Theme-Related Writing Choose one of the following writing tasks and complete it after class.1) Write an essay (of about 250 words) about a memorable experience in which you helped a stranger or were helped by him or her.2) Write an essay (of about 150 words) about human relationships in our society. The following hints might serve as a guide:a. The problems existing in the relationships between people in our society.b. The negative results such problems may bring about to our society.c. What can you do to help establish a harmonious society as a student?Sample Essay for Task 1:One weekend morning, while walking on a bustling street with a light heart, I was suddenly overtaken by a startling moan. Turning around, I discovered the sound was coming from a black mass in a corner. “Whats that?” My heart pounded heavily. I went up and saw a human being, alive but in a dreadful state. He was crouching on the ground with deformed hands and legs, mumbling something. He had obviously lost the normal ability to move and work. A dirty plate was placed in front the miserable-looking man, in which there were some coins and small notes. As my eyes were drifting away from him, his eyes caught mine suddenly. What eyes they were! Filled with misery and expectation, they were looking straight at me. He was unable to speak, but I seemed to hear his pleading voice and read his despairing mind. His look seemed to be telling me about his hard life and his longing for help. For a while, I was at a loss what to do. Should I drop some coins in the plate like some other passers-by or turn away in indifference? I recalled news reports about men pretending to be beggars, who were actually healthy and able to work. Could this be another one of those scams? But the beggar was there, groaning and living. Then something seemed to hit me hard. I drew a five-yuan note from my pocket, dropped it in his dirty plate and walked away quickly in silence. “No good deed is too small.” Maybe we need to bear this saying in mind. Sample Essay for Task 2:We are living in a world of distrust. We live behind cold security bars; we do not talk to strangers, let alone go out of our way to help them; we live in fear of fake products. In short, fear and feelings of insecurity fill the environment we live in.All this greatly harms our society. Growing up in such an environment, we tend to feel isolated and care only about ourselves. If things go on like this, trust, teamwork, and harmony will eventually become terms unheard of. In my opinion, trusting others and being trustworthy are the two basic principles that we should follow if we want to improve human relationships. We may not be in a position to change others, but we can change the way others see us by winning their trust in us. Mutual understanding and love are the pillars that support a harmonious society. Unit Two Optimism and Positive ThinkingEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action Working with Words and Expressions3. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. Answers: 18) positive19) startled20) perspective21) harden22) shape23) address24) crises25) curse26) incredible27) conversely28) issue29) response30) prior31) rare32) accomplish4. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. Answers: 1) get the hang of2) have lived through3) makes a difference4) have no idea5) concerned with6) slipped over7) ran into8) in reverse9) mull over Increasing Your Word Power1. Decide whether “do”, “make” or “take” is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. Answers: 1) does2) make3) take4) do5) make6) Take7) done8) taken9) making10) took2. In each of the following sentences you are given two confusable words or expressions in brackets. Choose the appropriate one to fill in the blank. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers: 1) concerned2) Concerning3) reject4) declined5) unconscious6) subconscious7) former8) preceding9) raise10) rise3. Now match each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese equivalent in Column B. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers:1) d2) j3) k4) a5) b6) h7) c8) f9) l10) e11) g12) iGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: When it is used as a conjunction, “as” can mean “when / while”, “though / although”, “since / because”, “in the way / manner that”, etc., and it can also be used in a comparative structure. Study the following sentences and explain the meaning of “as” in each sentence. Answers for reference: 1) in the way /manner that2) though / although3) when4) since5) used in a comparison6) though7) while8) in the way thatTask 2: Complete the following sentences after the example by translating the Chinese into English, using “as” as a relative pronoun. Answers for reference: 1) as you describe / have described / described2) as concern every one of us3) As is well known4) As we all can see5) as you show / as you have shown for your teacher6) As is reported / announced in todays papersClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. Answers:1) perspective2) despair3) necessity4) perform5) Conversely6) prophecy7) where8) as9) achieve10) recognize11) dealt with12) attitude13) channels14) concernedTranslation Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. Answers for reference:1) Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this. / The only people who can fully appreciate this are those who have lived through a similar experience.2) Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form/ are formed and interact (with one another).3) Those who have got the hang of Rubiks Cube (Magic Cube) can return each face to consisting of one colour in no time.4) The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the company.5) The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy almost in ruins.6) He decided to channel his energies into something useful, instead of being glued to / sitting in front of the TV set all day long.7) Theres a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live.8) She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others. Theme-Related WritingDo either of the following two writing tasks. You may draw on some useful ideas and expressions from a variety of sources, such as the two texts in this unit or the Internet.1) Having read the two passages in this unit, you may have come to a better understanding of life and the times when pessimistic and optimistic thoughts take turns to affect your behaviour. Write a letter of encouragement (of about 150 words) to one of your high school friends who failed in the college entrance examination. Tell him or her about your new understanding of the need to remain optimistic.2) The writers of the two texts in this unit convey to us the message that we need to look at the positive side of anything that comes to us and that we need to take an optimistic and positive attitude toward life. Write an essay (of about 150 words) to share your ideas with your classmates. The following hints may be of some help:a. What is meant by “thinking positively”?b. What is the connection between success and optimism?c. How can we keep an optimistic and positive attitude? Sample Letter for Task 1:Dear Weihua,I know you are still feeling upset about your results in the college entrance examination. Ive just read an article about how pessimistic and optimistic thoughts can affect our behaviour and Im now sending you a copy, hoping that it will help you step out of the shadows.Naturally, failing the college entrance examination can be very depressing, yet if you continue to dwell on the past, you will never be able to pick yourself up and focus on what is more important for now and the future. Life is full of trials and anyone may suffer setbacks. We must take an optimistic attitude towards the things we have to deal with. Optimism and positive thinking are powerful forces. Good things do come true if we picture them often. Please do have confidence in your potential. Just work hard and prepare for another chance.You will make it.Yours,Janet(152 words) Sample Essay for Task 2:Thinking positively means allowing your mind to be filled with optimistic feelings, and always hoping for the best though still aware of the difficulties that might be involved.The human mind is powerful; thoughts of optimism and pessimism can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Though it might seem impossible to some, positive thinking and success actually have a cause-and-result relationship. The reason is that a person with positive thinking will always broadcast goodwill and confidence and that kind of radiating attitude will take a hold on everybody.Gradually, peoples attitude will shift towards more trust and respect. This not only opens up more opportunities for the individual, but it also feeds back emotionally, and the cycle continues.Though the shaping of a positive or negative personality often happens subconsciously, it is possible to control such processes consciously. A person can try visualizing favourable situations, whether it is remembering a contest won as a child or imagining getting that job offer so long sought after. Over time circumstances will change accordingly. (169 words)Unit ThreeThe Road to Success Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions5. In the box below are some of the words you have learnt in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. Answers:a) favourable b) discouragedc) consentedd) neglecte) creptf) sufficientg) tracedh) somewhati) refreshj) worthyk) prospectsl) resolvedm) remarkedn) undergoo) rewarded6. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. Answers: 33) pack up 34) many a35) stays the course36) put to the test37) flooding in38) came across39) come up with40) plunged . into Increasing Your Word Power1. Listed in the box below are some unit nouns. Discuss their meanings and then complete the following table by filling in the appropriate unit noun. The same unit noun may be used for more than once. Consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers: a slice of breada particle of rocka bunch of keysa bar of soapa can of orange juicea sheet of glassan item of businessan article of furniturea slice of meata particle of dusta can of beera bar of chocolatean article of luggagea bunch of flowersa sheet of paperan item of expense2. Words such as respectful, respectable and respective may cause confusion because they are similar either in meaning or in spelling. To communicate effectively, we need to pay special attention to such confusable words. Answers: 1) neglected 2) neglectful3) colourful4) coloured5) rough6) tough7) worth8) worthy9) favourable10) favourite11) respectful12) respectable13) respective14) considerate15) considerable3. Word BuildingMatch each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese meaning in Column B. You may consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers:1) d. 2) i 3) l 4) a 5) k 6) o 7) p 8) b 9) m 10) n 11) e 12) c 13) f 14) g 15) h 16) j Grammar in context1. Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to the subordinate clauses and connectives. Reflect on their grammatical function and then do the task that follows. Task: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing proper connectives from the box below. Answers for reference: 1) what 2) whether 3) whose 4) whoever 5) what 6) where 7) how 8) which 9) that 10) that2Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to “the preposition + relative pronoun” structure. Reflect on their uses and then do the following task.Task: Complete the following sentences using a preposition and a relative pronoun. Answers for reference: 1） of which 2) for which 3) in which 4) in whom 5) of which 6) to which 7) for which 8) at which ClozeComplete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given. Answers:1) for 2) aware 3) affair 4) prospects 5) storage 6) matter 7) plunged 8) break 9) offered 10) dancing 11) cleared 12) welled 13) stick 14) sacrifices 15) publishedTranslation 1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. Answers for reference:1) Rumour has it that his new book is based on a true story about a family in a small Tennessee town.2) He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work on the side to bring in extra cash / money.3) Its good to be confident (about yourself), but theres a difference between (self-)confidence and conceit.4) Only those who stick it out can achieve success. Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams. 5) A true hero possesses / has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices.6) Anyone who picks up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down.7) In a sense, life is like swimming; if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you (will) never learn.8) The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training.Theme-Related Writing1) Write a narrative essay (of about 150 words) about your pursuit of a dream or someones experiences in making his / her dream come true.Sample essayLi Hui, my friend in high school, was born into a workers family. She began to dream of becoming a cartoon artist from her childhood. T
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