高考英语短语串讲chao

2012高考英语串讲第1讲一、Language Points1.sharev. 分享、合用：share sth with sbn. 一份，股份sparea. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tirev. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/spare one of sandwiches for the boyspare no efforts：不遗余力 spare no expense：不惜工本savev. 节省，救出2.He felt lucky to have survived the war.3.with sb about/over sth：和某人就某事争论arguefor/against sth：赞成/反对Sb into/out of (doing) sth：说服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)get sb to do sthBe made+to do/to be done5.So+同一主语+助动词So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语So it is/was with+另一主语6.should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done7.except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clausebesides/in additionapart frombut for=without8.The first time+从句For the first time：作时间状语Its the first time+that-clause(完成时)the first+名词+to do9.mostmost of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the)mostly: 主要地（状）10.be equal to sth：与相等be equal to (doing) sth：胜任(做)某事equal sth：与相等equal sb in sth：在方面与某人匹敌11.compareto/withcompared to/with12.a great manyseveral/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)(many) dozens ofa great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)several/two dozen of +pron.13.much too+adj/adv(原级)too much+n.(u.)too many+n.(pl.)14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发) occur(与happen通用) It occurs to sb that：某人突然想起 =It strikes/hits(struck/hit)sb.that15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do：表将来With+宾+宾补 doing：表正在进行 done：表过去、被动第2讲一、Language points1. sb./sth.+adj/n sb./sth.+to do consider(以为，认为) sb./sth.+as that-clause n. consider(考虑) doing 疑问词+to do sth “把当作”的译法：consideras =think of/look on/take/regard/treat/haveas2. to do A way+ of doing (that/in which)+定语从句 A method of doing sth by this meansYou can solve the problem+ with this method in this wayby means of:通过方式，以手段by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式 by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请 by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）3. protect(from) doing sth prevent/stop(from) doing sth keepfrom doing keepdoing under the potection of4. as well as well as might/may as well=had better 6. along the river:沿着河流 over the river:在河的正上方 through the forest:穿过森林 by the river:在河边 on the bank:在河岸上7. follow the instructions follow ones advice as follows8. be responsible to sb 为.负责be responsible for为.负责; 是造成.的原因 hold sb. responsible for使某人负. 的责任make oneself responsible for负起.的责任9. n. doing/to do sth sb to do sthprefer+ sth to sth doing A to doing B to do A rather than do sth that sb (should) do sth10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another 一个接一个（强调动作的重复） n. +by +n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变化） tree after tree/day by day11. say “hi” to sb. Please remember me to sb.向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb. Send the best wishes to sb.12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do stheg. This question is difficult to answer.=Its difficult to answer the question.The man is hard to work with.=Its hard to work with the man.当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。Eg. He wants water to drink. She has a room to live in.I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?第3讲一、Language points1. owe sb sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth: 将归功于 owing to: 由于 thanks to/because of/due to2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sth speak highly/well/badly +of sb/sth sing high praise for sb/sth3. apologize to sb for (doing) sth make an apology to sb for (doing) sth excuse sb for (doing) sth forgive sb for (doing) sth pardon sb for (doing) sth4. make an impression on sb给某人留下印象; 给人.以影响 have an impression of sthimpress sth on/upon ones mindmake no impression on对.无影响效果I had the distinct impression（想法, 看法, 感觉） that I was being followed. 我清楚地感觉到有人跟踪我。5. serve in the army on the office serve the people/the dish serve sb with sth=serve sth to sbserve as the chairman6. make jokes about: 取笑， 拿开玩笑make a joke about laugh at: 嘲笑 have a joke with sb: 开某人的玩笑 play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb: 戏弄 in joke: 闹着玩，开玩笑7. to do for sth Its time+ for sb to do sth That-clause（一般过去时）8. the one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些 one: 替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指 it: 指上文提到的同一个事物that: 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词9. none: 用来回答how many/how much引导的问句，常与of连用 no one: 只能指人，用来回答who引导的问句 neither: 两者都不，表单数nothing: 用于指物，用来回答what引导的问句10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth 表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）：Wipe up the water with a cloth. clothes: 衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词： A suit of clothes 注：不能直接用数词修饰，但可用many, few, his, my, thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数。 clothing: 服装，衣着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数。A piece of clothing, an artcle of clothing dress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。 suit: 成套的衣服。11. live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实况直播的 lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的 alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语 living: 活着，健在的，现行的12. receive: 收到，接到(客观动作)；accept: 接受，领受(主观意愿) 接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用receive 接受某条件、建议：只用accept13. turn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象 The weather has turned much colder. go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的情况：The milk went wrong/bad. become+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果 Please dont get angry. come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面变化。 My dream has come true.14. 含有插入语的疑问句：What do you think has happened to him?How do you suppose the film will end?Why do you believe he is unfit for the office?第4讲一、Language points1. sth sth for sth prepare+ for sth to do sth be prepared for be prepared to do sth make preparations for2. They tied for first place in the game. 并列获得Two actresses tied for the Best Actress award.两名女演员并列获得最佳女演员奖。We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match.与得分一样多The dog is tied to a tree.（系，绑）3. affect vt. 影响 effect n. 效果，作用 have a good/bad effect on/upon in effect事实上 cause and effect因果 take effect生效，起作用 come into effect生效，实行 effort n. 努力 without effort毫不费力 make every effort尽一切努力 spare no effort不遗余力3. weigh vt. 称的重量 vi. 重达， 重量为 put on weight lose weight by weight in meters/pounds/calories by the day/the week/the yard/the dozen/the ton4. in参加比赛 compete+ with/against与竞赛/竞争 for角逐，为获取而竞赛5. Where there is a river, there is a city.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is life, there is hope.6. do sth would rather not do sth do sth than do sth =would do sth rather than do sth =prefer to do sth rather than do sth that-sb. did表现在或将来 had done表过去7. do damage to sthlive ones dreamin ruins/in piecesunder attack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment8. almost: 差距比nearly小。可与never, no, no one, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词连用，但不能 与not连用。nearly: 不可与上述否定词连用，但可与not连用，构成 Notnearly, 意为“远非，远不及”第5讲一、Language points1. sth：与一致/符合 sb：同意某人 with ones idea/opinion 同意某人的意见 what sb said (观点，所说的话) to ones plan/arrangement/suggestionagree 同意某人的计划、安排、意见 about/on/upon sth同意做某事 to do sth that-clause2. of/about sth 提醒 remind sb to do sth that-clause 使人回忆起3. addto：把加上(在) add to=increase：增添，增进 add up (to)：加(起来是)，总计达4. success n.(U)成功，(C)成功者/事 succeed v. successful a. successfully ad. be successful in (doing) sth succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 have success in doing sth Sb/sth is a success.5. be/stay/keep+in touch with 表状态be out of touch withget in touch with 表动作lose touch with6. in case of+短语in case+从句 in no case决不 in any case无论如何 in that case如果那样7. expensive/cheapvaluable/valuelesspriceless=very expensive：无价的8. respond (vi)+ to：对回应 with/by：以(方式)回答，响应 resonse (n.)9. be harmful to sb/sthdo sb/sth harmdo harm to sb/sthdo sb/sth gooddo good to sb/sth10. die out：(家族、物种等)死光，灭绝； (习俗、做法、观念)消失，过时；(火)熄灭die away：(风、声音、光线等)逐渐停止(消失)die down：(指炉火等)渐熄；(指骚动等)渐平息；(指闹声)消失die off：先后死去了；死去die of：死于内因(如疾病、年老、饥饿、情感等)die from：死于外因(如损伤、事故、天灾等)11. as a/the result of：由于as a result：结果，因此result from：因而引起result in=cause：导致，致使12. take measures to do sth：采取措施make clothes to ones own measure：量体裁衣13. late：晚，迟，不久前lately=recently：近来last：最后，最后的latest：最近的，最新的later：后来；结构常为：一段时间later：过了之后14. adapt to sth/sb：适应某物/某人adapt sth/sb to sth/sb：使某物/某人适应某物/某人adapt oneself to：使自己适应某事adapt from：根据改写/改编adapt：指修改或改变以适应新条件 You should adapt yourself t the new environment.adjust：是指“调整、调节”使之适应 You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyesadopt sb：收养fit：多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合” The shoes fitted me well.suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”等 No dish suits all taste.match：指“大小、色调、形状、性质等”相配或相称 A red jacket doesnt match green trousers. sth：采用15. devote oneself/time/life to look forward to doing sthbe/get used tostick to/get down to/object to16. free of chargefor freebe free fromset sb/sth free17. by force：靠武力，强行be in force：生效come/go into force：生效force ones way：强行前进或进入18. Its ones turn to do sth：轮到某人干某事take ones turn：依次，轮到某人in turn：依次，轮流，反过来，转而by turns：轮流，交替take turns (at) doing sth/to do sth：轮流干某事二、语法专题介词的考点1. 常用介词的意义区别(1)表示时间 at+时间点：在时刻，在点钟，在岁时 on+某天或某天的某个时间：在某日、星期几、某日早中晚等 in+时间段：在期间，在以后，在时间内 by+时间：在之前，不迟于，常与完成时连用(2)表示方位：in/on/to/off(3)表示部位 on+ the head/shoulder/back/nose：表示拍打较硬或凸形的部位 in+ the face/ear/stomach/eye:：表示拍打较软或凹形的部位 by+ the arm/hand/nose: 表示牵、拉、抓某部位(4)表示之间：between/among(5)表示方式 by：乘(交通工具)，通过(方法)，常接无冠词名词或动名词with：以工具/手段，用身体某部位，常接带冠词的具体某工具in：表示表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等through：通过途径/方式/方法(6)表示穿越 through：表示从物体里面穿过，还可表示沿着街道、河流走across：表示从物体表面经过，还可表示横过街道、河流over：表示从物体上方越过，还可表示挎在肩上2. “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句3. with的复合结构4. 含有介词的固定搭配有无冠词，意义不同in front of/in the front ofin charge of/in the charge ofout of question/out of the questionat table/at the tableon earth/on the earth有无介词，意义不同know sb.认识某人/know about sb.了解某人shoot sb.击中某人/shoot at sb.向某人射击search sb.搜身/search for sb.搜寻某人believe sb.相信某人的话/believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益/benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处 不要张冠李戴be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by）leave for someplace动身去某地（不用to）set an example to sb为某人树立榜样（不用for）in the direction朝着方向（不用to）do a favor for sb帮某人一个忙（不用to）different from和不同（不用with）with the help of在的帮助下（不用under）steal sth from sb偷某人的东西（不用of）别丢三落四drop in on sb拜访某人（别丢了on）drop in at someplace参观某地（别丢了at）look down upon瞧不起（别丢了upon）think ofas认为是（别丢了of）look onas认为是（别丢了on）explain to sb sth向某人解释某事（别丢了to）from behind the door从门后面（别丢了behind）be worth listening to值得一听（别丢了to）第6讲一、Language points1. keep a record ofkeep records ofbreak/beat the record for/in+比赛项目hold/keep the record ofset (up) the world record for/in+比赛项目set up a new world recordmake a record/make recordsplay/put on a record2. trouble sb to dobe troubled withask/look for troubleget into troublebe in troubleget out of troublehave trouble (in) doing sthhave trouble with sthmake trouble：闹事take (the) trouble to do：尽力/设法做put sb to the trouble of doing：麻烦某人做7. turn on turn offturn in give/hand outturn up turn downturn around/round turn awayturn overturn backturn out (to be)turn to sb/sth3. only if: 只有，只要 had done过去 if only: 要是该多好 did/were现在 would/should do 将来 did/were 9. at one time=onceat times=sometimesat all times=alwaysat a time=each timefor a time=for some timeat no timeat the same time10. supply sth to sb=supply sb with sthprovide sth for sb=provide sb with sthoffer sb sth=offer sth to sb11. have a habit of doingform/develop the habit ofbe in the habit of12. face the music: 临危不惧play music=perform music13. more than: 不仅仅，超过more than one+n.(单)+V(单)：不止一个 More than one student likes this film.more than+n/adj: 远非，不仅仅是 Bamboo is used for more than building.no more than: 只有，仅仅not more than=at (the) most: 最多，不超过morethan：与其说不如说 The man is more brave than wise.14. the next time时间名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，此外，the first time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second。二、语法专题动词和动词短语的考点1. 动词和动词短语的考查重点是放在特定语境中的辨析2. 几组常考的动词短语1. get along：离开，进展，继续 get across：越过，使让人理解 get away：逃走，逃避，得以离开 get back：回来，取回 get down：记下，吞下 get off：下车(飞机)，下班 get on：上车 get in：上车，收割，到站，插话 get up：起床，站起，(风)变猛烈 get through：(电话)接通，通过，用完，完成 get together：聚会，收集2. take away：拿走，带走，消除(病痛等)，减去 take down：取下，记下，拆掉，吞下，病倒 take out：拔掉，切除，带(某人)出去，获得 take off：脱掉，起飞，成功 take up：占据(时间或空间)，以作为爱好或消遣，从事3. break away (from): 逃掉，脱离，改掉 break down：出故障，失败，中断 break in：突然进来，插嘴 break into：强行进入，插嘴 break out：突然发生，爆发 break up：解散，结束，破裂，绝交4. come about：发生 come across：(偶然)遇见 come on(upon)：偶然碰见，出现 come on：来吧，快点，加油 come along：一道去 come in：到来，进来，上市 come out：出来，出版，有结果 come over：来访，产生 come round：来访，到来 come to：来到，合计，苏醒，谈到5. pick out：挑选，找出 pick up：拿起，捡起，收拾，学会；(用车)来接，去取： 改进，改善，重新开始，继续，感染(疾病，坏习惯)6. give away：赠，送，泄露，出卖 give back：归还，送回 give in：屈服，让步，投降 give off：发出(蒸汽，光等) give out：分发，耗尽，筋疲力尽，发出(气味，热等) give up：放弃7. cut down：砍倒，削减，压缩 cut in：插入，插话，插队 cut off：切断，隔断，断绝 cut out：剪成，戒掉8. makeinto(out of)：使成为(变成) makeof(from)：由制成(多用被动式) make for：往去，有助于 make it：及时赶到，成功，做成 make out：理解，看清，填写，假装 make up：构成，编写，编造，和解，弥补，凑足，准备好9. look about/around：环顾四周，四处看 look after：照顾，照料 look at：看，注视 look down on/upon：看不起 look for：寻找 look forward to：期盼(to为介词) look into：调查 look like：看起来像，似乎要 look out：向外看，当心，找出 look over：审阅，翻阅，检查 look through：翻看，浏览 look to：注意，负责 look up：查阅，看望 look up to：尊敬11. bring about：引起，导致 bing back：送还，带回，使想起 bring down：降低（温度，价格） bring on：带来，引起 bring out：取出，显示出，衬托出，出版，推出（作品） bring through：使渡过（困难，危机） bring up：提出，培养，呕吐12. call at：访问（某地） call away：叫走，转移（注意力） call back：唤回，回电话 call for：去取（某物），去接（某人），要求，号召 call in：叫来，召集 call off：叫走，转移开，取消 call on：造访（某人） call (up) on sb to do sth：叫（请）某人做某事，号召某人做某事 call out：大声叫（喊） call up：（给）打电话14. go back：回去，回顾，回溯 go by：（从）旁边经过，（时间、机会）过去，以为依据 go down：下落，下降，减弱 go in for：参加（考试，比赛），从事（职业），爱好 go into：到达，进入，从事，调查 go out：出去，出国，熄灭 go over：复习，演习，检查 go through：通过，检查，审查，查找，经历，做完，用完 go up：上升，上涨15. hold back：阻止，忍住 hold out：支持，坚持 hold to：抓紧，坚持 hold up：竖起，阻碍，延误 catch/get/seize/take hold of：抓住 keep hold of：抓住，握住16. put away：收拾，放弃，打消，存蓄 put down：放下，写下，使下车，镇压 put off：推迟，推脱，使不高兴 put on：穿，戴，上演，装（样子），开（电、灯），增加 put out：扑灭，生产，发表，使不高兴 put up：举起，撑起，架起，张贴17. set about：开始或着做某事（+n./doing） set out：动身，开始，想要（+to do） set up：建立，创立，树立第7讲一、Language points1. choose：选中，选出（结果） choose from：从中挑选 pick：挑选（小东西） select：选择（过程） elect：选举 vote：投票4. celebrate+sthin celebration of/for the celebration of：为了庆祝congratulate+sb+on+sth5. give away：离开，赠送keep away (from)：使离开break away (from)：脱离put away：存储do away with：处理掉turn away：解雇throw away：扔掉6. honour vt. ：尊敬，以为荣 n. ：尊敬，(pl)光荣，荣誉 in honor of：为了纪念，尊敬 a sense of honour：廉耻心 show honor to sb：尊敬某人7. pain (n.)：指一般的疼痛；pains：还有“麻烦，努力”之意ache (v.)：指局部较持久的疼痛，是陷痛；(n.)常见在复合词中：headache,stomachacehurt vt：伤害 vi：常指精神、感情伤害；也指肉体伤害。8. a bit/a little：一点儿，在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级not a bit=not at allnot a little=very mucha bit of +n.(u)a little 9. in a/one word：简言之，总之in other words：换句话说in words：用语言，口头上word (u)：消息，诺言10. such as：用于列举事物，且只列举部分 for example/instance：用来举例说明，不表列举或等同 namely=that is (to say)：即（列举全部）11. develop healthy habits：养成健康的习惯 develop an interest in sth：培养的兴趣 developinto：把发展成为 develop from：从进化/发展起来 develop natural resources：开发自然资源 develop films：冲洗胶卷 第8讲一、Language points1. recognize sb as：认出某人是be recognized as：某人被认作 recognize sb to do sth：承认某人做某事 recognize that-clause recognition (n.)2. dress：既表动作，也表状态 dress sb be dressed in have on：表状态，不用于进行时 wear：表状态（衣服、鞋帽、领带、围巾、首饰、眼镜） 表示某一时间的穿戴，常用进行时 put on：表动作3. prove sth sth to sbsth to be as(to be)that-clause4. beyond control：无法控制 in control：控制着 under control：控制中 out of control=lose control of：失控5. tear sth to/into pieces sth in half/into halves sth open sth down at sth：撕扯着（表过程） sth：撕碎/撕破（表结果） up：毁掉 off：脱去、跑掉 away from：从夺走6. attend school/church attend the meeting/lecture join party/league/club/sb join in the party/activity7. call on sb=drop in on sb call at a place=drop in at a place visit +sb/a place pay a visit to a place8. be (well) worth + n./doing sth be worthy + of+n. of+being done to be done9. pay for sthpay sb for sthpay sb money for sth=pay money to sb for sth pay off：全部还清 pay back：偿还，归还；报复10. make/carry out/perform/do experiment by experiment experiment on/upon：对进行实验二、语法专题非谓语动词的考点只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。它们所对应的动词或词组分别是： give up, delay, put off, regret, miss; keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish; pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to; consider, require, cannot help, forbid; permit, be/get used to, mind; be worth, set about, imagine.第9讲一、Language points1. when 既可指时间的某一点，从句中的谓语动词可以是非延续性的，又可指一段时间（从句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词），从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。 意为“这时”，常用结构：be about towhen as: 强调从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，而不是一前一后。 while: 表示两者情况对比。2. be of 抽象名词be + adj.be of (great) + use/help/value/importance=be (very) + useful/helpful/valuable/important3. journey：适用范围广，可指陆海空的旅行，常指距离较远的旅行。 trip：指短时间，短距离的旅行。 travel：泛指旅游，前面一般不用冠词。 travels：多指旅行经历journey和trip强调往返性，travel不侧重往返性，可以是章程旅行。 Voyage：海上旅行或航海。4. hope：指与过去、现在或将来有关的希望，不能接名词，双宾语或复合宾语。 wish：多指美好的祝愿，或表达的是过去，现在或将来发生的令人遗憾的事，接从句时使用虚拟语气。 hope for：希望、期待、对（某物）有信心 We hope youll be very happy. I wish I had gone to that party. We havent heard from him for a long time, but we are still hoping for a letter.5. n.诺言，有指望，有前途，可能性 There is a promise of better weather tomorrow. keep a promisebreak a promise promise carry out a promise：履行诺言 fulf