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形容词和副词,一、规则变化 1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest 5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful,二、不规则变化,下列单、双音节词只能加more和most.,一、形容词、副词的特殊用法 1多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序 限定词(these，those.)描绘性形容词(表示人们观点 的形容词，如beautiful，bad，cold等)表示大小、长 短、高低的形容词表示形状的形容词(如round， square等)表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形 容词表示国籍或地区的形容词表示材料的形容词 (如wooden)表示用途、类别的形容词被修饰的名词。,a beautiful old brown French handmade desk 一张漂亮的褐色法国手工制作的旧桌子 all these last few days最近的这些日子 a light blue silk skirt 一件浅蓝色丝裙 another three English books 另外三本英语书 some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花 a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色的日本军用吉普车 the first beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge 第一座美丽的中国小白木桥,(2010抚州一中测试)It is said that the _ building was designed by a famous Frenchman，who has thousands of excellent works all over the world. Ared stone beautifulBstone beautiful red Cbeautiful stone red Dbeautiful red stone,解析：选_ 本题考查形容词排序。冠词、数词排最前，接下来是主观性的形容词，最靠近被修饰的名词是表客观性的形容词，如颜色、国籍和材料等。,D,2形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。 He went to bed，cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿地去睡觉了。 He lay in bed，wide awake.他躺在床上醒着。 He is standing there，full of fear. 他非常担心地站在那里。,3can not/never与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不 过分；越越好”。 You can not be careful enough/too careful to study. 在学习方面，你再细心也不过分。 Mary，look，what did I find? 玛丽，你看，我找到什么了？ Oh，my lost key？I cant thank you too much.(I cant thank you much enough.) 噢，我丢失的钥匙？太感谢你了。,(2010金华调研)I always look out when crossing the street. Youre right.You cannot be too _. Anervous Bcareful Churried Dcareless,解析：选_ 考查双重否定的用法。You cant be too careful.你怎么小心也不为过。cant 是否定，too adj./adv.也有否定意义，所以用双重否定表肯定。,B,4熟记下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配 Hes dead/blind drunk.(very drunk)他喝得酩酊大醉。 Hes wide awake.他完全没有睡意。 Its raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下得很大。 Hes sound asleep.他睡得很沉。 Hes moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily. 他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。 The traffic/His moustache is heavy. 交通拥挤/他的胡子浓密。,5意义有别的同根副词,(1),(2),close 接近地 closely 仔细地,free 免费地 freely 自由地,(3),hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不,(4),late 迟，晚 lately 近来,(5),most 极，非常 mostly 主要地,(6),wide 广阔地 widely 广泛地,(7),high 高 highly 高度地,(8),deep 深 deeply (抽象意义的)深,Deep in thought，he didnt notice me. 陷入沉思中，他没注意到我。 He was deeply moved by the moving story. 他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。,二、形容词和副词比较级的用法 1表示倍数的三种句型 (1) . times as原级as. He can run three times as fast as John. 他跑得有约翰的三倍快。,(2) . times the size/length/width/height etc.of. This table is three times the length of that one. 这张桌子是那张的三倍长。 (3) .times比较级than. This table is three times bigger than that one. 这张桌子比那张大三倍。,(2009辽宁高考)Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his. Aas much twice asBtwice as much as Cmuch as twice as Das twice much as,解析：选_ 考查倍数句型“倍数as原级as.”。句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但却是他的价钱的两倍。故选B。,B,2同等程度的比较 用as.as，the same.as.，such.as引导 He is a worker as good as Peter.(He is as good a worker as Peter.)他和彼得一样是个好工人。 Linda is the same height as Jenny.琳达和詹妮一样高。 Henry is such a good student as Peter. 亨利和彼得一样是个好学生。,3与比较级有关的结构及运用比较级的注意事项 (1)“比较级than”表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况 You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。 She doesnt work harder than you (do) 她工作不如你努力。,(2)“比较级and比较级”意为“越来越” As summer is coming，the day is becoming longer and longer.随着夏天的临近，白天变得越来越长。 (3)“the比较级，the比较级”意为 “越就越” The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。,(2010西城抽样)In some peoples opinions，the _ powerful the country becomes，the _ pleasant it is to live in. Amost；fewer Bmore；fewer Cmore；less Dmost；less,解析：选_ 考查形容词的比较级。该句其实是“the比较级，the比较级”结构。句意：在一些人看来，国家变得越强大，住在里面越不舒服。因此答案为C。,C,(4)“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两者中 较的那个” The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中高点的是我弟弟。 (5)使用比较级应注意的问题,比较的范围 如果比较的范围不一样，表达方式也应不同。 China is larger than .(比较的范围一致) China is larger than .(比较的范围不一致),any other country in Asia,any country in Africa,比较的对象要一致 相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较 The population of China is larger than of any other country in the world.(人口与人口相比，要用代词that),that,注意比较结构中的省略现象 由于日常交际的需要，在彼此都明白的情况下，比较对象往往省略 What do you think of the film? I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film) Toms composition，if not better(后边省略了than Jacks)，is at least as good as Jacks.,三、形容词、副词最高级的用法 1most前如没有定冠词the，就没有比较的意思，只 是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。 This is a most interesting story. 这是一个很有趣的故事。,2最高级可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly， almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰。 Of all the students，Jacks oral English is almost the best. 在所有的学生中，杰克的英语口语几乎是最好的。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。,3否定比较级最高级。 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他过了最担心的一天。 Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away? 你住的离这儿那么远，你搭我的车吧。 Thank you.It couldnt be better. 谢谢，那再好不过了。,
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